Concentration of D-dimers in healthy cats and sick cats with and without disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

The objective of this prospective study was to measure concentrations of D-dimers in 48 cats with various diseases and in 20 healthy cats to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity for D-dimers to diagnose disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The cats were classified as having DIC if an underlying disease and at least three of the following criteria were present: thrombocytopenia, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time or thrombin time, schistocytes and/or a reduced antithrombin activity. D-dimer concentrations were measured using a semi-quantitative latex agglutination (LA) test (Accuclot D-Dimer, Sigma Diagnostics). The D-dimer test was positive for 8/12 cats with DIC and for 16/36 sick cats without DIC. D-dimers were negative for all healthy control cats. The comparison of the sick cats with DIC and those without DIC revealed a specificity and sensitivity of the D-dimer test of 56% and 67%; a comparison of the results for healthy cats and cats with DIC revealed a specificity and sensitivity of 100% and 67%, respectively. The D-dimer LA test is only of limited value for the diagnosis of DIC in cats.

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Disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/7141-vetmed ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 587-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. Uhrikova ◽

K. Machackova ◽

L. Rauserova-Lexmaulova ◽

K. Rehakova ◽

J. Doubek

Keyword(s):

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽

Gastric Dilatation ◽

Fibrinogen Degradation Products ◽

Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Before And After ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Fibrinolytic Parameters

Gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome is associated with changes in haemostatic profiles. The aims of this study were to compare selected haemostatic and fibrinolytic parameters between healthy dogs and dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome, estimate the incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and determine the most sensitive test for detection of DIC in these patients. Blood was collected from 22 dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome, and nine healthy control dogs. Platelet counts, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen concentrations and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products were measured in all control dogs and patients with gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome, before and after surgery. Significant differences between control dogs and patients were seen in activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products before surgery and all measured parameters after surgery. The incidence of DIC was 59%. The most sensitive tests for detection of DIC before surgery were those for activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products.

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Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, Fibrinogen, dan D-dimer Sebagai Prediktor Decompensated Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Sisseminated pada Sepsis

Majalah Kedokteran Bandung ◽

10.15395/mkb.v43n1.44 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 49-54

Author(s):

Fenny ◽

Nadjwa Zamalek Dalimoenthe ◽

Noormartany ◽

Emmy Pranggono ◽

Nina Susana Dewi

Keyword(s):

Prothrombin Time ◽

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽

Intravascular Coagulation ◽

D Dimer

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Outcome of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Relation to the Score when Treatment was Begun

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1649835 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 74 (03) ◽

pp. 848-852 ◽

Cited By ~ 130

Author(s):

Hideo Wada ◽

Yoshihiro Wakita ◽

Tutomu Nakase ◽

Minori Shimura ◽

Katsuyo Hiyoyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Early Stage ◽

Coagulation Factors ◽

Underlying Disease ◽

Blood Coagulation Factors ◽

Intravascular Coagulation ◽

The Relationship ◽

Plasmin Inhibitor ◽

D Dimer

SummaryWe examined 395 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) divided into two groups: non-leukemic and leukemic. In 58% of the patients as a whole, treatment of DIC resulted in complete or partial remission, while exacerbation and death occurred in 31%. The efficacy of DIC treatment in the non-leukemic group was less than that in the leukemic group, indicating that the outcome of DIC depended, in part, on the underlying disease. We examined hemostatic indicators in relation to DIC score: prothrombin time (PT) ratio, FDP, platelet count, and fibrinogen levels were found to be important indicators for the diagnosis of DIC, but not for Pre-DIC. Plasma levels of fibrin-D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), and plasmin- plasmin inhibitor complex (PPIC) were significantly increased in pre-DIC. The efficacy of treatment in relation to the DIC score when the treatment was begun showed that greater efficacy was achieved in pre-DIC than in DIC patients. The outcome was poorer with increasing DIC score, suggesting that early diagnosis and early treatment are important. On examining the relationship between outcome and hemostatic indicators, we found that the PT ratio and the levels of antithrombin, plasminogen, PPIC, the PPIC/TAT ratio, and thrombomodulin were related to outcome, suggesting that very high consumption of blood coagulation factors, liver dysfunction, hypofibrinolysis, or organ failure caused a poor outcome. Although the outcome in DIC patients may not depend substantially on plasma levels of TAT and fibrin-D- dimer, we can use these indicators to treat DIC patients at an early stage.

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Implications of Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Disorders in Severe Endometritis-Pyometra Complex in Bitches

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy ◽

10.2478/v10213-012-0053-x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 293-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Justyna Radwińska ◽

Anna Domosławska ◽

Andrzej Pomianowski ◽

Katarzyna Żarczyńska ◽

Andrzej Jurczak

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Blood Coagulation ◽

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽

Blood Platelet ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽

Thrombin Time ◽

Coagulation Parameters ◽

D Dimer

Abstract Twenty bitches with acute endometritis-pyometra complex (EPC) and 20 clinically healthy bitches were examined. The following coagulation parameters were determined in haemostatic evaluations: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen concentrations (FBG), D-dimer concentrations (D-D), antithrombin activity (AT), and blood platelet counts (PLT). Morphological and biochemical blood parameters were also analysed. Examinations of animals affected by EPC revealed blood coagulation and fibrinolytic disorders, and the noted results (PT 13.7 ±1.06 s, aPTT 23.4 ±1.04 s, TT 15.6 ±0.68 s, FBG 2.2 g/L, D-D 785.4 ±103.05 μg/L, AT 111.1 ±13.51%, PLT 169.30 ±126.31 103/μL) point to a high risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The findings indicate that the coagulation parameters of bitches affected by EPC should be analysed before treatment as the noted disorder can significantly complicate therapy and ovariohysterectomy, and endanger the patients' life.

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Attempt to Develop Rat Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Model Using Yamakagashi (Rhabdophis tigrinus) Venom Injection

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13020160 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Akihiko Yamamoto ◽

Takashi Ito ◽

Toru Hifumi

Keyword(s):

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Clinical Condition ◽

Underlying Disease ◽

Fibrinogen Concentration ◽

Blood Coagulation Factors ◽

Fixed Amount ◽

Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Measurement Limit ◽

Human Pathology ◽

Rhabdophis Tigrinus

Disseminated intravascular coagulation, a severe clinical condition caused by an underlying disease, involves a markedly continuous and widespread activation of coagulation in the circulating blood and the formation of numerous microvascular thrombi. A snakebite, including that of the Yamakagashi (Rhabdophis tigrinus), demonstrates this clinical condition. Thus, an animal model using Yamakagashi venom was constructed. Yamakagashi venom was administered to rats, and its lethality and the changes in blood coagulation factors were detected after venom injection. When 300 μg venom was intramuscularly administered to 12-week-old rats, (1) they exhibited hematuria with plasma hemolysis and died within 48 h; (2) Thrombocytopenia in the blood was observed in the rats; (3) irreversible prolongation of prothrombin time in the plasma to the measurement limit occurred; (4) fibrinogen concentration in the plasma irreversibly decreased below the measurement limit; and (5) A transient increase in the plasma concentration of D-dimer was observed. In this model, a fixed amount of Rhabdophis tigrinus venom injection resulted in the clinical symptom similar to the human pathology with snakebite. The use of the rat model is very effective in validating the therapeutic effect of human disseminated intravascular coagulation condition due to snakebite.

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False-Positive D-Dimer Result in a Patient With Castleman Disease

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2004-128-328-fdriap ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 128 (3) ◽

pp. 328-331

Author(s):

Kimberly Mugler ◽

Jerry B. Lefkowitz

Keyword(s):

Western Blot ◽

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽

False Positive ◽

Degradation Products ◽

False Negative ◽

Castleman Disease ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

D Dimer

Abstract In suspected cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation, concurrent elevation of both fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDPs) and D-dimer levels aids in confirming the diagnosis. This pattern of results reflects the action of plasmin proteolysis of cross-linked fibrin polymers as well as fibrinogen. We report the case of a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Castleman disease who presented with a high-positive D-dimer level and a negative FDP level in the course of a workup for disseminated intravascular coagulation. This finding suggested the possibility of either a false-positive D-dimer or a false-negative FDP level. To investigate the former, a Western blot was performed on the patient's serum to determine the presence of the D-dimer. No D-dimer band was visualized on the Western blot, confirming the false-positive nature of the D-dimer result. Insufficient quantity of patient serum, however, prevented further investigation into the etiology of this result. The false-positive D-dimer result is likely attributable to interference caused by the patient's Castleman disease–associated monoclonal gammopathy, a phenomenon that has been reported in other immunoassays. As the development of lymphoproliferative disorders is especially common within the HIV population, and hypergammaglobulinemia in Castleman disease is particularly common, clinicians should be aware of this phenomenon when the laboratory findings do not fit the clinical picture. Although it is rare, recognition of potential paraprotein interference in immunoassays will help avoid undertreatment or overtreatment of patients based on erroneous laboratory results.

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Disseminated intravascular coagulation at diagnosis is a strong predictor for thrombosis in acute myeloid leukemia

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2016-02-701094 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 128 (14) ◽

pp. 1854-1861 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Eduard J. Libourel ◽

Clara P. W. Klerk ◽

Yvette van Norden ◽

Moniek P. M. de Maat ◽

Marieke J. Kruip ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Arterial Thrombosis ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Strong Predictor ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Key Points ◽

D Dimer ◽

Acute Myeloid

Key Points A high D-dimer level strongly predicts symptomatic venous and arterial thrombosis in newly diagnosed AML. Thrombosis occurs in up to 10% of patients with newly diagnosed AML.

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ASSESSMENT OF COAGULATION PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal ◽

10.32345/usmyj.1(121).2021.22-31 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 121 (1) ◽

pp. 22-31

Author(s):

Alіna Baylo ◽

Vadym Shypulіn ◽

Volodymyr Chernyavskyi ◽

Luiza Parunyan

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Prothrombin Time ◽

Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽

International Normalized Ratio ◽

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽

Fibrinolytic System ◽

Thrombin Time ◽

Group I ◽

D Dimer

The comorbid course of liver cirrhosis and atrial fibrillation causes higher levels of hospitalizations, mortality and ischemic stroke. According to current data, hemostasis in patients with liver cirrhosis is in a rebalanced dynamic state, but there are no data on the effect of atrial fibrillation on the hemostasis in patients with liver cirrhosis. Aims of the study. To assess abnormalities in primary, secondary haemostasis and fibrinolytic system in patients with liver cirrhosis and atrial fibrillation by using standard laboratory coagulation parameters and to investigate their changes depending on the stage of liver cirrhosis A, B, C according to Child-Pugh score. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted with the inclusion of 106 patients aged 42 to 83 years: group I (n = 70) - with liver cirrhosis and atrial fibrillation, II (n = 36) - with liver cirrhosis, which were distributed depending on the Child-Pugh score stages of cirrhosis and 20 healthy individuals. The levels of platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio, prothrombin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, D-dimer were assessed on a Steellex M200 coagulometer. Statistical analysis (IBM SPSS Statistics) was performed. Results. The level of platelets in patients of group I was reduced by 37.4% (200 ± 8.33 vs. 274.7 ± 3.4; p,000.001), an activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged by 38.6% (44.35 ± 1.39 vs. 32.01 ± 0.63, p˂0.001), prothrombin time was prolonged by 73.5% (19.4 ± 0.87 vs. 11.18 ± 0.53, p˂0.001), thrombin time was prolonged by 2.07 (25, 7 ± 1.31 vs. 12.4 ± 0.66, p˂0.001), the international normalized ratio was increased by 24.3% (1.38 ± 0.04 vs.1.11 ± 0.01, p˂0.001) compared to control. The fibrinogen level was 20.9% higher (4.17 ± 0.17 vs. 3.45 ± 0.11, p˂0.001) than in control group and was 83.7% higher (4.17 ± 0.17 vs. 2.27 ± 0.13, p˂0.001) than in group II. The D-dimer level was 83% higher than in control (675 ± 22.3 vs. 368.8 ± 21.85, p˂0.001) and 44% higher (675 ± 22.3 vs. 469 ± 37.18, p ˂0.001) compared with group II. Conclusions. In patients with liver cirrhosis and atrial fibrillation abnormalities of primary hemostasis are detected due to decrease of platelets on the background of portal hypertension. At the secondary stage of hemostasis indicators of external and internal coagulation mechanisms are prolonged due to the reduced synthesis of coagulation factors by the liver. Increased level of fibrinogen is determined at the stage of compensated and subcompensated cirrhosis with a gradual decrease at the stage of decompensation. The high activity of the fibrinolytic system is observed due to increase in the D-dimer levels, which may indicate a prothrombotic state in these patients.

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D-dimer kit with a High FDP/D-Dimer Ratio is Useful for Diagnosing Thrombotic Diseases

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis ◽

10.1177/10760296211070584 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 107602962110705

Author(s):

Nozomi Ikeda ◽

Hideo Wada ◽

Yuhuko Ichikawa ◽

Minoru Ezaki ◽

Motoko Tanaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Fibrin Degradation Products ◽

Peripheral Arterial ◽

Thrombotic Diseases ◽

D Dimer

Introduction Although D-dimer is a useful biomarker of thrombosis, there are many D-dimer kits, with high and low fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDP)/ D-dimer ratios. Methods Plasma D-dimer levels were measured using three different kits in critically ill patients to examine the usefulness of such measurements for detecting the thrombotic diseases and determining the correlation with the FDP and FDP/D-dimer ratio. Results Although three D-dimer kits showed marked utility for diagnosing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and peripheral arterial and venous thromboembolism (PAVTE), the D-dimer levels determined using the three kits varied among diseases. Indeed, one D-dimer kit showed a high FDP/D-dimer ratio, and another kit showed a low FDP/D-dimer ratio. D-dimer kit with low FDP/D-dimer ratio tended to have high cut-off values and low specificity for diagnosing DIC and PAVTE. In D-dimer kit with high FDP/D-dimer ratio, FDP/D-dimer ratios in patients with thrombosis was significantly higher than that in patients without thrombosis. Conclusion All three D-dimer kits show utility for detecting thrombotic diseases. However, the D-dimer levels determined using the kits varied due to differences in the FDP/D-dimer ratio. In combination with the FDP level, a D-dimer kit with a high FDP/D-dimer ratio may be useful.

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