Unique foot posture in Neanderthals reflects their body mass and high mechanical stress

Background:Several studies have shown that there is a link between body mass index (BMI) and painful foot imputed to a biomechanical change in foot structure [1].Objectives:Our objective was to study the association between BMI and static foot disorders in gonarthrosic subjects.Methods:It was a prospective descriptive study conducted in the rheumatology department of the Mohamed Kassab Institute of Orthopedics with 60 patients with Gonarthrosis. The socio-demographic data of the patients were studied. BMI was calculated for all patients. Static foot disorders have been studied.Results:Sixty patients were included, 83.3% of whom were female. The average age was 55.2 years [38-78 years]. The disease has been evolving for an average of 6 years [1-13 years]. The lesion was bilateral in 80% of cases, the average body mass index was 30.4 kg / m2 [24-36]. Knee arthritis was classified as stage I, II and III according to the Kellgren and Lawrence classification in 18.5%, 55.6% and 25.9% of patients respectively. The foot examination involved 108 gonarthrosic limbs. Examination of the integuments showed hyperkeratosis in 94.4% of the cases (79.6% calluses and 83.3% callosities). Forefoot deformities were Hallux valgus (HV) in 52.8% of cases and overlapping toes in 18.5% of cases. Pronation deformity using the Foot Posture Index (FPI) was found in 51.9% of cases. Abnormal lowering of navicular bone was noted in 51.9%. The podoscopic impression revealed flat feet in 73.2% of the cases.A statistically significant association was found between BMI and the presence of calluses (31.21 ± 2.897 vs26.83 ± 1.425, p <0.001), with HV (31.37 ± 3.086 vs29.49 ± 2.969, p = 0.002), at the overlap of the toes (33.2 ± 1.361vs29.86 ± 1.130, p <0.001), with the lowering of the navicular bone (31.17 ± 2.885vs29.68 ± 3.304, p = 0.015), FPI (p = 0.003) and flat podoscopic impression (p <0.001).Conclusion:BMI is strongly associated with static feet disorders in gonarthrosic patients by aggravating the postural changes in the foot caused by knee osteoarthritis [2]. Obesity is associated mainly with the existence of flat feet, pronation of the foot, toes deformities and hyperkeratosis.References:[1]Steele JR, Mickle KJ, Munro B. Fat flat frail feet: how does obesity affect the older foot. XXII Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics; 2009[2]Norton AA, Callaghan JJ, Amendola A, Phisitkul P, Wongsak S, Liu SS, et al. Correlation of knee and hindfoot deformities in advanced knee OA: compensatory hindfoot alignment and where it occurs. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015;473(1):166-74Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Predominance of oral mucosal melanoma in areas of high mechanical stress

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology ◽

10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.064 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 1133-1135

Author(s):

Pooja H. Rambhia ◽

Ivan J. Stojanov ◽

Joshua Arbesman

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Stress ◽

Mucosal Melanoma ◽

High Mechanical Stress ◽

Oral Mucosal Melanoma

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The relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and foot posture in elderly people

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics ◽

10.1016/j.archger.2010.06.014 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. e89-e92 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Thaís Rabiatti Aurichio ◽

José Rubens Rebelatto ◽

Alessandra Paiva de Castro

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Elderly People ◽

Body Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Foot Posture ◽

The Relationship

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Electron mobility increase in submicronic transistors integrated on ultrathin silicon membranes subjected to high mechanical stress

Applied Physics Letters ◽

10.1063/1.3343348 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 96 (9) ◽

pp. 092107 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Bogdan Bercu ◽

Laurent Montès ◽

Florent Rochette ◽

Mireille Mouis ◽

Xu Xin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Stress ◽

Electron Mobility ◽

Silicon Membranes ◽

High Mechanical Stress

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Finite Element Modeling of Vocal Fold Vibration in Normal Phonation and Hyperfunctional Dysphonia: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Vocal Nodules

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348949810700711 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 107 (7) ◽

pp. 603-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Jack J. Jiang ◽

Carlos E. Diaz ◽

David G. Hanson

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Finite Element Modeling ◽

Mechanical Stress ◽

Vocal Fold ◽

Vocal Folds ◽

Element Modeling ◽

Modeling Technology ◽

Vocal Fold Vibration ◽

Vocal Nodules ◽

High Mechanical Stress

A computer model of the vocal fold was developed using finite element modeling technology for studying mechanical stress distribution over vibrating vocal fold tissue. In a simulated normal phonation mode, mechanical stress was found to be lowest at the midpoint of the vocal fold and highest at tendon attachments. However, when other modes predominated, high mechanical stress could occur at the midpoint of the vocal folds. When a vocal fold mass was modeled, high shearing stress occurred at the base of the modeled vocal fold mass, suggesting that the presence of a vocal nodule or polyp is associated with high mechanical stress at the margins of the mass. This finding supports a hypothesis that mechanical intraepithelial stress plays an important role in the development of vocal nodules, polyps, and other lesions that are usually ascribed to hyperfunctional dysphonia.

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Assessing Plantar Pressure Distribution in Children with Flatfoot Arch

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/8750-7315-104.6.622 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 104 (6) ◽

pp. 622-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jolanta Pauk ◽

Mikhail Ihnatouski ◽

Bijan Najafi

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Pressure Distribution ◽

Body Mass ◽

Plantar Pressure ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽

Foot Posture ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Pressure Magnitude

Background Flatfoot, or pes planus, is one of the most common foot posture problems in children that may lead to lower-extremity pain owing to a potential increase in plantar pressure. First, we compared plantar pressure distribution between children with and without flatfoot. Second, we examined the reliability and accuracy of a simple metric for characterization of foot posture: the Clarke angle. Third, we proposed a mathematical model to predict plantar pressure magnitude under the medial arch using body mass and the Clarke angle. Methods Sixty children with flatfoot and 33 aged-matched controls were recruited. Measurements included in-shoe plantar pressure distribution, ground reaction force, Clarke angle, and radiography assessment. The measured Clarke angle was compared with radiographic measurements, and its test-retest reliability was determined. A mathematical model was fitted to predict plantar pressure distribution under the medial arch using easy-to-measure variables (body mass and the Clarke angle). Results A high correlation was observed between the Clarke angle and radiography measurements (r > 0.9; P < 10−6). Excellent between- and within-day test-retest reliability for Clarke angle measurement (intraclass correlation coefficient, >0.9) was observed. Results also suggest that pressure magnitude under the medial arch can be estimated using the Clarke angle and body mass (R2 = 0.95; error, <0.04 N/cm2 [2%]). Conclusions This study suggests that the Clarke angle is a practical, reliable, and sensitive metric for quantification of medial arch height in children and could be recommended for research and clinical applications. It can also be used to estimate plantar pressure under the medial arch, which, in turn, may assist in the timely intervention and prognosis of prospective problems associated with flatfoot posture.

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The influence of gender and body mass index on the FPI-6 evaluated foot posture of 10- to 14-year-old school children in São Paulo, Brazil: a cross-sectional study

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research ◽

10.1186/s13047-016-0183-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Barbarah Kelly Gonçalves de Carvalho ◽

Patrícia Jundi Penha ◽

Nárima Lívia Jundi Penha ◽

Rodrigo Mantelatto Andrade ◽

Ana Paula Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

School Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Foot Posture

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Secondary ossification center induces and protects growth plate structure

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.55212 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Meng Xie ◽

Pavel Gol'din ◽

Anna Nele Herdina ◽

Jordi Estefa ◽

Ekaterina V Medvedeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Stress ◽

Growth Plate ◽

Hypertrophic Chondrocytes ◽

Ossification Center ◽

Anatomical Entity ◽

Terrestrial Environment ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

High Mechanical Stress ◽

Secondary Ossification Center

Growth plate and articular cartilage constitute a single anatomical entity early in development but later separate into two distinct structures by the secondary ossification center (SOC). The reason for such separation remains unknown. We found that evolutionarily SOC appears in animals conquering the land - amniotes. Analysis of the ossification pattern in mammals with specialized extremities (whales, bats, jerboa) revealed that SOC development correlates with the extent of mechanical loads. Mathematical modeling revealed that SOC reduces mechanical stress within the growth plate. Functional experiments revealed the high vulnerability of hypertrophic chondrocytes to mechanical stress and showed that SOC protects these cells from apoptosis caused by extensive loading. Atomic force microscopy showed that hypertrophic chondrocytes are the least mechanically stiff cells within the growth plate. Altogether, these findings suggest that SOC has evolved to protect the hypertrophic chondrocytes from the high mechanical stress encountered in the terrestrial environment.

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