1006 Type 2 immune cells selectively interact with skin sensory nerve fibers in atopic dermatitis

Abstract Recent studies have illustrated that psoriatic lesions are innervated by dense sensory nerve fibers. Psoriatic plaques appeared to improve after central or peripheral nerve injury. Therefore, the nervous system may play a vital role in psoriasis. We aimed to clarify the expression of nerve fibers in psoriasis and their relationship with immune cells and keratinocytes, and to explore the effect of skin nerve impairment. Our results illustrated that nerve fibers in psoriatic lesions increased and were closely innervated around immune cells and keratinocytes. RNA-seq analysis showed that peripheral sensory nerve-related genes were disrupted in psoriasis. In spinal cord hemi-section mice, sensory impairment improved psoriasiform dermatitis and inhibited the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes. Botulinum toxin A alleviated psoriasiform dermatitis by inhibiting the secretion of calcitonin gene-related peptide. Collectively, cutaneous nerve fibers participate in the progression of psoriasis by linking epidermal keratinocytes and immunocytes. Neurological intervention may be a new treatment strategy for psoriasis.

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Susbstance P Levels in Children with Atopic Dermatitis

Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin ◽

10.20473/bikk.v33.3.2021.182-186 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 182

Author(s):

Khairina Nasution ◽

Deryne Anggia Paramita ◽

Nova Zairina Lubis

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Substance P ◽

Observational Study ◽

Sensory Nerve ◽

Skin Inflammation ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adolescent Group ◽

Group 12 ◽

Common Skin

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common skin disease in infants and children. AD is influenced by hereditary and environmental factors, and it is characterized by an inflammatory reaction in the skin. In developing countries, children suffering from AD are estimated around 10–20%, of which 60% of the cases persist into adulthood. Substance P is a cutaneous neuropeptide that contributes to the pathogenesis of AD. Substance P promotes the production of nerve growth factors from keratinocytes, and the release of histamine, leukotriene, or tumor necrosis factor from mast cells, which cause the growth of sensory nerve fibers, augmentation of skin inflammation, and are considered pruritogenic factors. Purpose: This study aims to determine the description of substance P in children with atopic dermatitis using a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach. Methods: This is a destructive observational study with a crossectional approach samples were selected from AD patients at the Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital. Result: The largest group of subjects were childhood (2–12 years old), there was 60%, followed by the adolescent group (12–18 years old) and the infant group (<2 years old). In the childhood group, the highest level of substance P was found in girls with a mean of 349.03 ± 146.7. On the other hand, the highest levels of substance P in the adolescent were found in males with a mean of 243.73 ± 64.57 ng/L. Conclusion: In this study, we found that the level of substance p was higher in the childhood group.

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Axon typing of rat muscle nerves using a double staining procedure for cholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/39.12.1719070 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 39 (12) ◽

pp. 1617-1625 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M J Szabolcs ◽

A Windisch ◽

R Koller ◽

M Pensch

Keyword(s):

Carbonic Anhydrase ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Sensory Nerve ◽

Histological Section ◽

Trapezius Muscle ◽

Motor Units ◽

Conventional Technique ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Staining Procedure ◽

Muscle Nerve

We developed a method for detecting activity of axonal cholinesterase (CE) and carbonic anhydrase (CA)--markers for motor and sensory nerve fibers (NFs)--in the same histological section. To reach this goal, cross-sections of muscle nerves were sequentially incubated with the standard protocols for CE and CA histochemistry. A modified incubation medium was used for CA in which Co++ is replaced by Ni++. This avoids interference of the two histochemical reactions because Co++ binds unspecifically to the brown copper-ferroferricyanide complex representing CE activity, whereas Ni++ does not. Cross-sections of the trapezius muscle nerve containing efferent and afferent NFs in segregated fascicles showed that CE activity was confined to motor NFs. Axonal CA was detected solely in sensory NFs. The number of labeled motor and sensory NFs determined in serial cross-sections stained with either the new or the conventional technique was not significantly different. Morphometric analysis revealed that small unreactive NFs (diameter less than 5 microns) are afferent, medium-sized ones (5 microns less than d less than 7 microns) are unclassifiable, and large ones (d greater than 7 microns) are efferent. The heterogenous CE activity of thick (alpha) motor NFs is linked to the type of their motor units. "Fast" motor units contain CE reactive NFs; "slow" ones have CE negative neurites.

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The Implications of Pruritogens in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22137227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (13) ◽

pp. 7227

Author(s):

Lai-San Wong ◽

Yu-Ta Yen ◽

Chih-Hung Lee

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Targeted Therapies ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Skin Barrier Function ◽

Inflammatory Molecules

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prototypic inflammatory disease that presents with intense itching. The pathophysiology of AD is multifactorial, involving environmental factors, genetic susceptibility, skin barrier function, and immune responses. A recent understanding of pruritus transmission provides more information about the role of pruritogens in the pathogenesis of AD. There is evidence that pruritogens are not only responsible for eliciting pruritus, but also interact with immune cells and act as inflammatory mediators, which exacerbate the severity of AD. In this review, we discuss the interaction between pruritogens and inflammatory molecules and summarize the targeted therapies for AD.

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Prion Infection of Skeletal Muscle Cells and Papillae in the Tongue

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.78.13.6792-6798.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 78 (13) ◽

pp. 6792-6798 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Ellyn R. Mulcahy ◽

Jason C. Bartz ◽

Anthony E. Kincaid ◽

Richard A. Bessen

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Sensory Nerve ◽

Meat Products ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽

Lingual Papillae ◽

Intracerebral Inoculation ◽

Axon Terminals ◽

Prion Infection

ABSTRACT The presence of the prion agent in skeletal muscle is thought to be due to the infection of nerve fibers located within the muscle. We report here that the pathological isoform of the prion protein, PrPSc, accumulates within skeletal muscle cells, in addition to axons, in the tongue of hamsters following intralingual and intracerebral inoculation of the HY strain of the transmissible mink encephalopathy agent. Localization of PrPSc to the neuromuscular junction suggests that this synapse is a site for prion agent spread between motor axon terminals and muscle cells. Following intracerebral inoculation, the majority of PrPSc in the tongue was found in the lamina propria, where it was associated with sensory nerve fibers in the core of the lingual papillae. PrPSc staining was also identified in the stratified squamous epithelium of the lingual mucosa. These findings indicate that prion infection of skeletal muscle cells and the epithelial layer in the tongue can be established following the spread of the prion agent from nerve terminals and/or axons that innervate the tongue. Our data suggest that ingestion of meat products containing prion-infected tongue could result in human exposure to the prion agent, while sloughing of prion-infected epithelial cells at the mucosal surface of the tongue could be a mechanism for prion agent shedding and subsequent prion transmission in animals.

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Lumbosacral intersegmental epispinal axons and ectopic ventral nerve rootlets

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1987.67.2.0269 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 269-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Wesley W. Parke ◽

Ryo Watanabe

Keyword(s):

Nerve Root ◽

Sensory Nerve ◽

Conus Medullaris ◽

Spinal Nerve ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Ventral Horn ◽

Spinal Nerve Roots ◽

Nerve Roots ◽

Content Type ◽

Almost All

✓ An epispinal system of motor axons virtually covers the ventral and lateral funiculi of the human conus medullaris between the L-2 and S-2 levels. These nerve fibers apparently arise from motor cells of the ventral horn nuclei and join spinal nerve roots caudal to their level of origin. In all observed spinal cords, many of these axons converged at the cord surface and formed an irregular group of ectopic rootlets that could be visually traced to join conventional spinal nerve roots at one to several segments inferior to their original segmental level; occasional rootlets joined a dorsal nerve root. As almost all previous reports of nerve root interconnections involved only the dorsal roots and have been cited to explain a lack of an absolute segmental sensory nerve distribution, it is believed that these intersegmental motor fibers may similarly explain a more diffuse efferent distribution than has previously been suspected.

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HISTOLOGY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE PINEAL ORGAN IN THE SOCKEYE SALMON, ONCORHYNCHUS NERKA WALBAUM

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z67-014 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 117-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

M. A. Hafeez ◽

P. Ford

Keyword(s):

Sockeye Salmon ◽

Pineal Organ ◽

Subcommissural Organ ◽

Sensory Nerve ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Supporting Cells ◽

Dependent Behavior ◽

Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽

Pineal Nerve ◽

The Brain

The morphohistology and some histochemical aspects of the pineal organ in the sockeye salmon were studied. The distal part of the organ lies in a pineal fossa in the cranial roof. Photosensory cells and two kinds of ependymal supporting cells are present throughout its epithelium, which is entirely devoid of either melanin or lipofuchsin. Besides sensory nerve fibers, efferent end-loops are present on the photosensory as well as the supporting cells. The dorsal pineal nerve tract probably contains both sensory and efferent fibers. The apocrine secretion of sensory as well as some supporting cells is probably associated with either the maintenance of a constant chemical composition of the cerebrospinal fluid or with supply of certain chemical substances to the brain tissue. The secretion in the pineal and the subcommissural organ consists of glycogen, mucopolysaccharides, mucoproteins, and aldehyde fuchsin positive granules.It is proposed that the pineal organ is photosensory as well as secretory and that its photosensitivity might be of some significance in the light-dependent behavior of this species in terms of intensity detection.

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