Features of copper chloride nanocrystals formation in potassium aluminoborate glass

The structure of the laboratory population of green microalgae Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb (=Desmodesmus communis E. Hegew.) was studied at different stages of its growth (lag-phase, log-phase and stationary phase) at low concentrations of copper chloride and silver nitrate by the method microculture, allowing to monitor the state and development of single cells having different physiological status. The response of the culture of S. quadricauda - the change in the number of cells and the fractional composition (the fraction of dividing, «dormant» and dying cells) depended not only on the concentration of the toxicant in the medium, but also on the physiological state of the culture: the level of synchronization and the growth phase. Silver ions at low concentrations had a more pronounced toxic effect on the culture than copper ions at different phases of its development, especially at a concentration of 0.001 mg/l (10-9 M). The main mechanism of the toxic effect of metals is to inhibit the process of cell division. At low concentrations of toxicants, especially at a concentration of 0.001 mg/l, a «paradoxical» effect expressed in the predominance of the fraction of «dormant» cells was revealed. The temporary inhibition of the process of cell division can be regarded as a protective mechanism that allows preserving the integrity of the population and its ability to survive in a changing environment. The obtained data explain the effect of action of low concentrations of substances due to their inclusion in the cell, the subsequent accumulation in the cell and their low excretion.

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Direct Detection of Circularly Polarized Light Using Chiral Copper Chloride–Carbon Nanotube Heterostructures

ACS Nano ◽

10.1021/acsnano.1c01134 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ji Hao ◽

Haipeng Lu ◽

Lingling Mao ◽

Xihan Chen ◽

Matthew C. Beard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Direct Detection ◽

Copper Chloride ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Circularly Polarized Light ◽

Circularly Polarized

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An update on image forming methods: structure analysis and Gestalt evaluation of images from rocket lettuce with shading, N supply, organic or mineral fertilization, and biodynamic preparations

Organic Agriculture ◽

10.1007/s13165-021-00347-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Miriam Athmann ◽

Roya Bornhütter ◽

Nicolaas Busscher ◽

Paul Doesburg ◽

Uwe Geier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Copper Chloride ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Structural Features ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Friedman Test ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Cohen’S Kappa ◽

N Supply ◽

Cohen's Kappa ◽

Forming Methods

AbstractIn the image forming methods, copper chloride crystallization (CCCryst), capillary dynamolysis (CapDyn), and circular chromatography (CChrom), characteristic patterns emerge in response to different food extracts. These patterns reflect the resistance to decomposition as an aspect of resilience and are therefore used in product quality assessment complementary to chemical analyses. In the presented study, rocket lettuce from a field trial with different radiation intensities, nitrogen supply, biodynamic, organic and mineral fertilization, and with or without horn silica application was investigated with all three image forming methods. The main objective was to compare two different evaluation approaches, differing in the type of image forming method leading the evaluation, the amount of factors analyzed, and the deployed perceptual strategy: Firstly, image evaluation of samples from all four experimental factors simultaneously by two individual evaluators was based mainly on analyzing structural features in CapDyn (analytical perception). Secondly, a panel of eight evaluators applied a Gestalt evaluation imbued with a kinesthetic engagement of CCCryst patterns from either fertilization treatments or horn silica treatments, followed by a confirmatory analysis of individual structural features. With the analytical approach, samples from different radiation intensities and N supply levels were identified correctly in two out of two sample sets with groups of five samples per treatment each (Cohen’s kappa, p = 0.0079), and the two organic fertilizer treatments were differentiated from the mineral fertilizer treatment in eight out of eight sample sets with groups of three manure and two minerally fertilized samples each (Cohen’s kappa, p = 0.0048). With the panel approach based on Gestalt evaluation, biodynamic fertilization was differentiated from organic and mineral fertilization in two out of two exams with 16 comparisons each (Friedman test, p < 0.001), and samples with horn silica application were successfully identified in two out of two exams with 32 comparisons each (Friedman test, p < 0.001). Further research will show which properties of the food decisive for resistance to decomposition are reflected by analytical and Gestalt criteria, respectively, in CCCryst and CapDyn images.

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Resistance to Growth of Molds for Wood Modified with Hydrophobic Hybrid Silica Gel Containing Copper Amine Complexes

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14030577 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 577

Author(s):

Shaokun Hao ◽

Chuanshuang Hu ◽

Xiuyi Lin ◽

Jin Gu ◽

Hong Yun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silica Gel ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Copper Chloride ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Untreated Wood ◽

Populus Tomentosa ◽

Amine Complexes ◽

Hybrid Silica ◽

Sol Gel Process ◽

Copper Amine

Complexation copper with amine provides an effective strategy for fixation copper in wood, while hydrophobic modification improves the dimensional stability of wood. Thus, a combination of complexation and hydrophobization is expected to enhance the efficiency of copper-based biocides. In this study, hydrophobic hybrid silica gel containing copper amine complexes (MACu) was prepared through an in situ sol-gel process in wood using methyltriethoxysilane (MTES), 3-amino-propyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and copper chloride. The resistance to growth of molds for MACu modified wood (Populus tomentosa) was measured according to ASTM D3273-16. A leaching resistance test was carried out in accordance with AWPA E11-16. The results showed that only Aspergillus niger covered the surface of untreated wood blocks and no mold grew on the MACu surface even after the leaching test. MACu xerogel and MACu wood were further characterized by SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XPS. A possible schematic diagram of the reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the high-efficiency anti-mold performance of MACu wood.

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Effect of dietary copper sources on performance, gastric ghrelin-RNA expression, and growth hormone concentrations in serum in piglets

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz282 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (10) ◽

pp. 4242-4247 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ricardo Gonzalez-Esquerra ◽

Raquel B Araujo ◽

Douglas Haese ◽

Joao L Kill ◽

Anderson F Cunha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Copper Chloride ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Diet ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Serum Growth Hormone

Abstract Two performance studies were conducted to investigate the effects of 3 different sources of Cu on production parameters of piglets. A total of 256 piglets weaned at 24 ± 2 d were randomly allocated into 4 treatments with 10 or 8 replicates per treatment of 4 or 3 piglets per pen in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. The experimental period was divided into 3 feeding phases: Phase 1 (24 to 35 d), Phase 2 (36 to 49 d), and Phase 3 (50 to 70 d). Treatments included a Control group (fed 10 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO4), a group fed 160 mg/kg of either CuSO4 (CuSO4-160) or tri-basic copper chloride (TBCC), and a group fed Cu methionine hydroxy analogue chelated (Cu-MHAC) at 150, 80, and 50 mg/kg in Phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The methionine value of Cu-MHAC was accounted during diet formulation to achieve the same levels of methionine across treatments. Phases 1 and 2 diets contained 2,200 and 1,500 ppm of ZnO, respectively; and antibiotics were used as growth promoters. Performance parameters were analyzed as completely randomized block design, in which each experiment was considered as a block. In trial 2, blood serum and mucosal samples, from the fundic region of the stomach, were collected from 1 piglet per replicate at day 70 and tested for serum growth hormone levels (GH) and ghrelin mRNA expression, respectively. The contrast between Cu-MHAC vs. CuSO4-160 + TBCC showed that piglets fed Cu-MHAC exhibited better feed conversion ratio (FCR) in all feeding phases compared with feeding inorganic Cu (P < 0.05). Overall, feeding Cu-MHAC improved body weight (BW), BW gain, feed intake (FI), and FCR vs. Control diet fed piglets; yet, it improved BW and FCR vs. TBCC fed piglets, and improved BW, BW gain, and FI vs. CuSO4-160 fed piglets (P < 0.05). Feeding TBCC promoted similar performance than feeding CuSO4-160, regardless of age (P > 0.05). Both ghrelin expression and growth hormone serum levels were significantly increased by feeding Cu-MHAC vs. Control diet fed animals (P < 0.01). Feeding CuSO4-160 upregulated ghrelin expression vs. Control (P < 0.01) while GH serum levels and ghrelin expression did no change by feeding TBCC compared with Control diet fed animals (P > 0.05). It was concluded that feeding Cu-MHAC at the levels tested herein can improve growth performance of piglets beyond feeding 160 ppm of either CuSO4 or TBCC, which may be partially explained by the increased expression of ghrelin and GH serum levels.

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Adhesion of acorn barnacles on surface-active borate glasses

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2019.0203 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 374 (1784) ◽

pp. 20190203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kenan P. Fears ◽

Andrew Barnikel ◽

Ann Wassick ◽

Heonjune Ryou ◽

Janna N. Schultzhaus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Tests ◽

Borate Glasses ◽

Local Concentration ◽

High Concentration ◽

Marine Biofouling ◽

Microbial Biofilms ◽

Concentration Of Ions ◽

Surface Active ◽

Fouling Organisms ◽

Aluminoborate Glass

Concerns about the bioaccumulation of toxic antifouling compounds have necessitated the search for alternative strategies to combat marine biofouling. Because many biologically essential minerals have deleterious effects on organisms at high concentration, one approach to preventing the settlement of marine foulers is increasing the local concentration of ions that are naturally present in seawater. Here, we used surface-active borate glasses as a platform to directly deliver ions (Na + , Mg 2+ and BO 4 3− ) to the adhesive interface under acorn barnacles ( Amphibalanus ( =Balanus ) amphitrite ). Additionally, surface-active glasses formed reaction layers at the glass–water interface, presenting another challenge to fouling organisms. Proteomics analysis showed that cement deposited on the gelatinous reaction layers is more soluble than cement deposited on insoluble glasses, indicating the reaction layer and/or released ions disrupted adhesion processes. Laboratory experiments showed that the majority (greater than 79%) of adult barnacles re-attached to silica-free borate glasses for 14 days could be released and, more importantly, barnacle larvae did not settle on the glasses. The formation of microbial biofilms in field tests diminished the performance of the materials. While periodic water jetting (120 psi) did not prevent the formation of biofilms, weekly cleaning did dramatically reduce macrofouling on magnesium aluminoborate glass to levels below a commercial foul-release coating. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Transdisciplinary approaches to the study of adhesion and adhesives in biological systems’.

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