Effect of dietary copper sources on performance, gastric ghrelin-RNA expression, and growth hormone concentrations in serum in piglets

Abstract Two performance studies were conducted to investigate the effects of 3 different sources of Cu on production parameters of piglets. A total of 256 piglets weaned at 24 ± 2 d were randomly allocated into 4 treatments with 10 or 8 replicates per treatment of 4 or 3 piglets per pen in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. The experimental period was divided into 3 feeding phases: Phase 1 (24 to 35 d), Phase 2 (36 to 49 d), and Phase 3 (50 to 70 d). Treatments included a Control group (fed 10 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO4), a group fed 160 mg/kg of either CuSO4 (CuSO4-160) or tri-basic copper chloride (TBCC), and a group fed Cu methionine hydroxy analogue chelated (Cu-MHAC) at 150, 80, and 50 mg/kg in Phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The methionine value of Cu-MHAC was accounted during diet formulation to achieve the same levels of methionine across treatments. Phases 1 and 2 diets contained 2,200 and 1,500 ppm of ZnO, respectively; and antibiotics were used as growth promoters. Performance parameters were analyzed as completely randomized block design, in which each experiment was considered as a block. In trial 2, blood serum and mucosal samples, from the fundic region of the stomach, were collected from 1 piglet per replicate at day 70 and tested for serum growth hormone levels (GH) and ghrelin mRNA expression, respectively. The contrast between Cu-MHAC vs. CuSO4-160 + TBCC showed that piglets fed Cu-MHAC exhibited better feed conversion ratio (FCR) in all feeding phases compared with feeding inorganic Cu (P < 0.05). Overall, feeding Cu-MHAC improved body weight (BW), BW gain, feed intake (FI), and FCR vs. Control diet fed piglets; yet, it improved BW and FCR vs. TBCC fed piglets, and improved BW, BW gain, and FI vs. CuSO4-160 fed piglets (P < 0.05). Feeding TBCC promoted similar performance than feeding CuSO4-160, regardless of age (P > 0.05). Both ghrelin expression and growth hormone serum levels were significantly increased by feeding Cu-MHAC vs. Control diet fed animals (P < 0.01). Feeding CuSO4-160 upregulated ghrelin expression vs. Control (P < 0.01) while GH serum levels and ghrelin expression did no change by feeding TBCC compared with Control diet fed animals (P > 0.05). It was concluded that feeding Cu-MHAC at the levels tested herein can improve growth performance of piglets beyond feeding 160 ppm of either CuSO4 or TBCC, which may be partially explained by the increased expression of ghrelin and GH serum levels.

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Symbiotics and Aloe vera and Symphytum officinale extracts in broiler feed

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4supl1p2677 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2677 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paula Rodrigues Oliveira ◽

Fabiana Ramos Santos ◽

Eduardo Ferreira Duarte ◽

Gustavo Silva Guimarães ◽

Nadiessa Sartori Carvalho Mattos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Control Diet ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Symphytum Officinale ◽

Randomized Block Design

This study aimed to test the effects of dietary Aloe vera and Symphytum officinale extracts added separately or in combination with symbiotics on the performance, nutrient utilization, serum biochemical parameters, biometrics, and intestinal histomorfometry of broilers. The experiment had a randomized block design with five treatments and six replicates of ten broilers each. Treatments were as follows: negative control and positive control (diet without and with antibiotic, respectively); 0.2% Aloe vera (AV); 0.2% Symphytum officinale (S); 0.2% functional supplement, composed of symbiotics fermented in Aloe vera and comfrey plant extracts (S+PE). At seven days of age, FI of birds fed the Aloe vera extracts diets were lower than that observed for birds consuming the diet with Symphytum officinale extract and S+PE. Broiler performance remained unaffected by treatments at others ages evaluated. At 10 to 14 days of age the lowest ADCDM ADCCP was shown in group feed NC. The highest ADCCP was observed in PC control group and in diets supplemented with Aloe vera and S+PE. Serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phosphorus were affected by addition of extracts at seven, 21, and 35 days of age. The longest duodenal villi were observed in broilers fed S+PE diets at seven days of age. Aloe vera and Symphytum officinale extracts and symbiotics can be used in broiler diets as an alternative to growth-promoting antibiotics.

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Effect of dietary probiotic, antibiotic or combination on broiler performance, cecum microbial population and ileal development

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal ◽

10.35943/mvmj.2020.21.313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 74-79

Author(s):

Ahmed Elbaz ◽

Said El-sheikh

Keyword(s):

Control Diet ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Control Group ◽

Gut Health ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Broiler Performance

Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics and/or probiotics on broiler performance, some serum metabolites, cecum microflora composition, and ileum histomorphology under the Egyptian conditions. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Two hundred forty 1-day-old Ross (308) chicks were reared till 35 days of age. Procedures: The birds were randomly allocated into four main groups: a control diet without additives (CON); probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplemented diet (PRO); antibiotic (Avilamycin) supplemented diet (ANT) and a mix group (AP) that received antibiotic in the diet form 1 to 4 days of age and treated during the rest of the experimental period with probiotics. Results: Chickens fed on probiotic or antibiotic diets had linear improvement in live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group, while the best LBW and FCR were in the AP group. An improvement in the nutrient digestibility was observed in the probiotic added groups (PRO and AP). Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents decreased when antimicrobial (probiotic or antibiotic) supplementations were used, while there was an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, serum total protein, and albumin levels. Among all groups, cecum Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts decreased; however, there was an increase in Lactobacillus count compared to the control group. In probiotic supplemented groups (PRO and AP), a significant (P<0.05) improvement in ilea architecture. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Using probiotic after initial treatment with an antibiotic in broiler diets had a positive effect on broiler growth performance, gut health (improved cecum microbial populations and ileum histomorphology), and nutrient digestibility.

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Ingestive behavior of lambs fed with guava agro-industrial waste ( Psidium guajava )

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402122192021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Priscila Torres NOBRE ◽

Roberto Germano COSTA ◽

Neila Lidiany RIBEIRO ◽

Francisco Fernando Ramos de CARVALHO ◽

George Rodrigo Beltrão da CRUZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Control Diet ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Santa Inês

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of guava agro-industrial waste (GAW) on the ingestive behavior of Santa Inês lambs. Forty non-castrated sheep of the Santa Inês breed were used, at an initial weight of 21.33 ± 2.62 kg, and at the age of 120 days, distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and fed with increasing GAW levels (0.0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5 and 30.0%). The average daily gain (ADG) showed orthogonal contrast (P <0.05), in which the animals that ingested the control diet had lower performances. The animals with GAW added to the diet obtained more significant weight gains reflected by a better feed conversion. Among the variables, idleness, feeding, and total chewing time had a significant effect (P<0.05); animals spent more time idle at the 30.0% inclusion level and less time in the control group. However, the means of the 7.5, 15.0, and 22.5% GAW inclusion levels were statistically similar to the control group and the 30.0% level. There was a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed efficiency, with the lowest values being presented for the control group and the highest values at the 30% inclusion level of GAW. The 30.0% GAW feed for lambs in confinement reduces feed time, and total chewing prolongs idleness and increases feed efficiency without compromising dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber intake, and ADG.

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Performance and intestinal development of chicks submitted to different rations and different types of incubation

Medicina Veterinária (UFRPE) ◽

10.26605/medvet-v15n2-4399 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 154-161

Author(s):

Eliete Souza Santana ◽

José Neto Cassiano de Camargo ◽

Michele Laboissière ◽

Roberto Moraes Jardim Filho

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Block Design ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Live Weight ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Average Weight ◽

Intestinal Development ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feed Processing

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of two types of incubation and two types of feeding on the performance of chickens and intestinal development of chicks during the pre-starter phase (1 to 7 days of age). One-year-old male Ross® chicks were used. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, in a 2x2 factorial design, with two types of feed processing (bran and micropelleted) and two types of incubation machines (single and multiple stage), totaling four treatments, with four treatment repetitions each. Twelve birds per experimental unit were used, totaling 192 animals. Performance evaluations were conducted, such as mean weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, bowel weight and size, and percentage of intestine in relation to live weight. Histomorphometric tests on the height of the villi and depth of the duodenal crypts were also performed. The two incubation machines did not influence any of the analyzed variables. Even though both had the same composition, the micropelleted feed resulted in positive gains for the performance variables: average weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion when compared to the meal, but was unable to significantly influence the morphometric measurements of the duodenum of chicks in the pre-starter phase.

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Substitution of ractopamine by safflower or coconut oil as an additive in finishing pig diets

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20190504 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Clara Viviane Silva da Costa ◽

José Aparecido Moreira ◽

Andreza Lourenço Marinho ◽

Natália Rocha Silva ◽

Myllena Emelly de Paiva Carmo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Control Diet ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Safflower Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Oil Performance ◽

Finishing Pig ◽

Fat Thickness

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to explore the substitution of ractopamine by coconut or safflower oil in finishing pig diets. The study included 24 crossbred barrows weighing 78.00 ± 8.76 kg distributed in a randomized block design with four treatments and six replicates composed of: basal ration (BR), BR + 10 ppm ractopamine, BR + four 1 g capsules of safflower oil, and BR + four 1 g capsules of coconut oil. Performance evaluation showed that safflower oil, ractopamine, and coconut oil supplementation had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on weight gain and feed conversion. Carcass-related variables were also affected by the treatments (P < 0.05), with fat thickness 3 (FT3) reduced by the use of safflower oil, ractopamine, and coconut oil. Rib eye area was positively affected (P < 0.05) by diet, with ractopamine, coconut oil, and safflower oil supplementation treatments showing higher values than control diet treatment. The diets also affected fatty acid profiles (P < 0.05), with decreased myristic acid content in animals supplemented with ractopamine and safflower oil and increased deposition of palmitoleic and oleic acids in animals supplemented with coconut oil and safflower oil, respectively. Results suggested that both safflower oil and coconut oil can be used as substitutes for ractopamine.

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Galacto-oligosaccharides modulate the juvenile gut microbiome and innate immunity to improve broiler chicken performance

10.1101/631259 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Philip J. Richards ◽

Geraldine M. Flaujac Lafontaine ◽

Phillippa L. Connerton ◽

Lu Liang ◽

Karishma Asiani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Innate Immunity ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Control Diet ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Gut Health ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Key Species

ABSTRACTImprovements in growth performance and health are key goals in broiler chicken production. Inclusion of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides in broiler feed enhanced the growth rate and feed conversion of chickens relative to a calorie-matched control diet. Comparison of the cecal microbiota identified key differences in abundance ofLactobacillusspp. Increased levels ofL. johnsoniiin GOS-fed juvenile birds at the expense ofL. crispatuswas linked to improved performance (growth rate and market weight). Investigation of the innate immune responses highlighted increases of ileal and cecal IL-17A gene expression counterposed to a decrease in IL-10 and IL-17F. Quantification of the autochthonousLactobacillusssp. revealed a correlation between bird performance andL. johnsoniiabundance. Shifts in the cecal populations of keyLactobacillusspp. of juvenile birds primed intestinal innate immunity without harmful pathogen challenge.IMPORTANCEImprovements in the growth rate of broiler chickens can be achieved through dietary manipulation of the naturally occurring bacterial populations whilst mitigating the withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters. Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are manufactured as a by-product of dairy cheese production, which can be incorporated in the diets of juvenile chickens to improve their health and performance. This study investigates the key mechanisms behind this progression and pin pointsL. johnsoniias a key species that facilitates the enhancements in growth rate and gut health. It also relates the role of the innate immune system in the response to the GOS diet.

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Стимуляція продукції гормону росту у ягнят і поросят під дією Гамавіту

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.15421/nvlvet7715 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (77) ◽

pp. 63-66

Author(s):

A.V. Sanin ◽

A.V. Deyeva ◽

A.N. Narovlyansky ◽

A.V. Pronin ◽

V.V. Behalo

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Body Weight ◽

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

The United States ◽

Control Group ◽

The European Union ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Suckling Piglets ◽

Experimental Group

Among the most important issues of food safety, which conducted an extensive international discussion, is the use in livestock of drugs, such as recombinant bovine growth hormone, or somatotropin, and, in particular, ractopamine, stimulating the growth of cattle, pigs and poultry. Ractopamine is used in veterinary medicine to increase the meatiness of the carcass. Ractopamine improves feed conversion, reduces body fat through lipolysis and an intense muscle-building. In the United States, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada and many other countries, ractopamine is allowed for usage as growth stimulator in livestock. However, in most countries of the European Union the use of ractopamine is forbidden. In this regard, it seems very important to develop effective and safe drugs that can stimulate the production of endogenous somatotropic hormone (STH). We propose to use for this purpose Gamavit – well-studied veterinary medicine stimulating metabolism and widely used by veterinary specialists in the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belarus and some other countries. The aim of this work was to study the effect of Gamavit on STH production in suckling piglets and lambs. Previously it was shown elsewhere that Gamavit induced 2-fold increase in the STH blood level in calves. The experiment was done using 30 suckling piglets of Landrace breed at the age of 0 to 7 days and 10 newborn lambs of the Stavropol breed. All animals were kept in identical conditions, they were fed the same balanced diet. The study was conducted according to the following protocol: The piglets of the 1st group (control) received 0.9% NaCl solution at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg intramuscularly on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th days of the experiment. Piglets of group 2 (experimental) were inoculated with Gamavit at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg intramuscularly on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th days of the experiment. Lambs were inoculated with Gamavit at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of body weight on 7th, 14th and 21st days after birth. Using method of enzyme immunoassay we shown that during the study level of STH in the experimental group of piglets inoculated with Gamavit gradually increased from 8.5 mIU/l before the experiment to 14.3 mIU/l on the 5th day. In the control group it ranged from 7.5 mIU/l to 10.2 mIU\l. At the end of the experiment greatest body weight gain was observed in the experimental group and amounted 45.450 g compared with 26,700 g in the control group piglets. In the experimental group of newborn lambs Gamavit induced raise in the STH serum level 2 from 6.5 mIU/l at day 0 to 13.1 mIU/l at day 21. Thus, Gamavit, unlike synthetic growth hormone, ractopamine and other beta-agonists used in livestock, induces the production of endogenous STH, which stimulates growth of the animal, while being safe and rapidly metabolizing on its own metabolic pathway.

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The use of phytobiotics in growth stimulation of weaned pigs

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl1502063r ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (1-2) ◽

pp. 63-74

Author(s):

Stamen Radulovic ◽

Radmila Markovic ◽

Dobrila Jakic-Dimic ◽

Dragan Sefer

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Growth Stimulation ◽

Animal Nutrition ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Stimulation Of

Phytogene feed additives (phytobiotics) are plant origin compounds used in animal nutrition in order to improve their productivity by improving the production performance of animals, feed properties and the quality of food of animal origin. These additives stimulate animal growth by using their natural and physiological potentials and mechanisms providing conditions for the realization of the genetically projected production volumes. Data on the use of phytobiotics as growth stimulators are incomplete and often very contradictory, especially those related to their impact on the health and performance of weaned pigs. Given the relevance and importance of these issues the feeding trial was organized by the group-control system. The experiment lasted for 40 days and it was divided into two phases of 20 days each. Trial was conducted on 24 piglets, F1 generation of Swedish Landrace and Pietrain, weaned from sows at the age of 35 days. Tests were carried out on piglets, with an average body weight of 8.61?1.59 kg, which were subjected to one of the two feeding treatments immediately after weaning. The control group was fed with a mixture without growth promoters, while the experimental group received a diet containing preparation of phytobiotic (Enviva EO 101, Danisco Animal Nutrition) in the amount recommended by the manufacturer (0.1 kg/t). The mixtures for piglets nutrition were formulated in accordance with the recommendations of the NRC (1998), and AEC (1993) and they met the nutritional requirements completely. During the experiment, there was no disturbance of health and/or the manifestation of clinical signs of disease. The control group, fed with the diet without added growth stimulators, achieved body weight (25.32?6.31 kg), average daily gain (0.42?0.12 kg), consumption (0.89 kg) and feed conversion (2.119 ) normal for a given race, age and housing conditions. The use of preparation of phytobiotics as growth promoters, led to better production results in regard to the control group, which was based on higher body weight (27.19?4.77 kg), higher average daily gain (0.46?0.09 kg) and better feed conversion (2.043). The use of phytobiotic, as an alternative option in growth stimulation of weaned pigs, has its nutritive, medical and economic justification.

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Effects of including autolyzed yeast in the finishing of feedlot steers

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n4p2471 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 2471-2488

Author(s):

Giovanna Bobato Pontarolo ◽

◽

Mikael Neumann ◽

Fernando Braga Cristo ◽

Edelmir Silvio Stadler Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Control Diet ◽

Animal Health ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Control Group ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feedlot Steers

Functional additives, such as autolyzed yeasts, have been used to achieve greater production efficiency and animal health. These compounds are also alternatives to the use of performance-enhancing antimicrobials. The objective was to evaluate the productive performance, ingestive behavior, apparent digestibility of feed DM and the carcass characteristics of beef steers finished in feedlot receiving autolyzed yeasts in the diet. The experimental design was randomized blocks, consisting of three treatments and six repetitions, where each repetition was represented by a stall with two animals. 36 bulls, ½ Angus × ½ Nelore blood, from the same herd, with an average age of 11 months and an average body weight of ± 330 kg were used.The treatments were as follows: CON - yeast-free diet; Y4 - yeast diet (4 g animal day-1) and Y7 - yeast diet (7 g animal day-1). The product used is a functional ingredient containing the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The inclusion of autolyzed yeasts resulted in greater daily body weight gain and better feed conversion in the initial feedlot phase. The apparent digestibility of DM of diets containing autolyzed yeast was superior to the control diet, and its use did not interfere with the animal ingestive behavior. Supplementation with autolyzed yeasts at the inclusion level of 4 g day-1 promoted better results in the finishing of feedlot steers, and that the supplemented groups (4 g animal day-1 and 7 g animal day-1) achieved the same degree of carcass finishing, higher than the control group.

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PSIX-35 Alternatives to antibiotic supplementation on broiler performance under highland conditions

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.684 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 343-343

Author(s):

Rodolfo Riboty ◽

Christian H Ponce

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Negative Control ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Feeding Period ◽

Limited Information ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Broiler Performance ◽

Health Challenge

Abstract There is limited information on performance and gut microbiota balance response to alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters on broiler at high altitude and level of health challenge. Therefore, Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of alternatives to antibiotics supplementation on broiler performance and health at 2500 m.a.s.l. In, Exp. 1, a total of 1080 day-old Cobb-500 male broilers were used in a completely randomized block design. Eight experimental diets containing 1) Negative Control (NC), 2) Bacitracin methylene Disalicylate at 55 mg/kg (BMD), 3) Direct fed microbial at 750 mg/kg (DFM) 2x1011 CFU/kg of lactic acid bacteria, 4) a blend of essential oils (150 mg/kg; EO), 5) combination of permeabilizers, organic acids and phytochemicals (0.1%, CN), 6) DFM+EO, 7) DFM+CN, and 8) EO +CN. Performance was evaluated through the feeding period of 42 d with a new litter. There were no significant differences in performance nor mortality rate during the whole feeding period. In, Exp. 2, 1232 one-day-old Cobb-500 male chicks were randomly divided into 56 experimental units and exposed to similar treatments as described on Exp. 1. Performance variables, and cecal-microbiota population were evaluated during 42-d with a re-used litter. Overall, daily gain was increased for BMD, DFM, and EO+CN compared to NC (P < 0.05). Feed intake was not altered by dietary treatment (P = 0.892). Feed conversion rate was improved by BMD and EO compared to NC (P < 0.05). Total coliform, and E. coli population was increased by DFM and CN compared to NC (P < 0.005). Total Enterobacteriacea was not altered by dietary treatment with exception of EO, that increased its population compared to remaining treatments (P < 0.001). Data form this experiments suggest that positive effect of organic feed additive supplementation, especially EO, depend on bird health challenge at high altitudes.

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