Neurological opportunistic infections and why we should not rely on CD4+ thresholds - A report of two cases of HIV-infected patients with CNS disease

HIV is a human immunodeficiency virus, a retrovirus that causes AIDS in the event of untreated infection. The virus causes the weakness and inability of the organism's defense system. HIV disease is a chronic progressive process that begins with the onset of HIV virus into the body, and over time (in adults over 10 years), a gradual destruction of the immune system occurs. The host during the infection becomes vulnerable and is suffering from complications of opportunistic infections and malignancies. A person infected with HIV feels good until developing AIDS, does not notice any changes in health, and has no specific external signs of infection. The only way to detect infection at this stage is HIV testing. HIV is transmitted: unprotected sexual intercourse with the infected person, exchange of needles, syringes or accessories with infected persons when taking drugs, with infected mother on her baby before, during or after delivery (breastfeeding).

Download Full-text

Bioactivity of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from Strawberry against Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.10.1.27 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Baydaa Hussein ◽

Zainab A. Aldhaher ◽

Shahrazad Najem Abdu-Allah ◽

Adel Hamdan

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Formation Rate ◽

Hydrocarbon Chain ◽

Health Concern ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Phenolic Contents

Background: Biofilm is a bacterial way of life prevalent in the world of microbes; in addition to that it is a source of alarm in the field of health concern. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for all opportunistic infections such as chronic and severe. Aim of this study: This paper aims to provide an overview of the promotion of isolates to produce a biofilm in vitro under special circumstances, to expose certain antibiotics to produce phenotypic evaluation of biofilm bacteria. Methods and Materials: Three diverse ways were used to inhibited biofilm formation of P.aeruginosa by effect of phenolic compounds extracts from strawberries. Isolates produced biofilm on agar MacConkey under certain circumstances. Results: The results showed that all isolates were resistant to antibiotics except sensitive to azithromycin (AZM, 15μg), and in this study was conducted on three ways to detect the biofilm produced, has been detected by the biofilm like Tissue culture plate (TCP), Tube method (TM), Congo Red Agar (CRA). These methods gave a clear result of these isolates under study. Active compounds were analyzed in both extracts by Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry which indicate High molecular weight compound with a long hydrocarbon chain. Conclusion: Phenolic compounds could behave as bioactive material and can be useful to be used in pharmaceutical synthesis. Phenolic contents which found in leaves and fruits extracts of strawberries shows antibacterial activity against all strains tested by the ability to reduce the production of biofilm formation rate.

Download Full-text

Spectrum of opportunistic infections in relation to CD4 count in HIV-2 patients

Medpusle International Journal of Medicine ◽

10.26611/102112316 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 137-141

Author(s):

Kashmira Rajendra Hajare ◽

◽

Priya Patil ◽

Rahul Kadu ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Cd4 Count

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of CNTF is a major protective factor in demyelinating CNS disease: a neurotrophic cytokine as modulator in neuroinflammation.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1006749.84607 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Randolph Noelle

Keyword(s):

Protective Factor ◽

Cns Disease

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Tuberculosis and other opportunistic infections in tofacitinib-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725755371.793533213 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Mellins

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Opportunistic Infections

Download Full-text

Improving Mycobacterium spp. detection in water: a new methodological proposal

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2004.0034 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 103-106

Author(s):

R. Santos ◽

S. Gonçalves ◽

F. Macieira ◽

F. Oliveira ◽

R. Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Recovery Rate ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Environmental Water ◽

Environmental Water Samples ◽

Sample Treatment ◽

Detection Time ◽

Fast Detection ◽

Enrichment Step ◽

Mycobacterium Spp

In recent years, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), once considered merely environmental saprophytes, have emerged as a major cause of opportunistic infections. There is no evidence of human-to-human transmission but they have been found in several environmental water samples. It is, therefore, of the utmost importance to develop methods of rapidly and accurately detecting non-tuberculous mycobacteria in water samples. To obtain a maximum recovery rate and a reduction of Mycobacterium spp. detection time in water samples, different decontamination, enrichment procedures and antibiotics supplements were tested before the inoculation into the Bactec® system. The proposed method of sample treatment (decrease in the decontamination time, followed for a peptone pre-enrichment step and an aztreonam and cefepime supplement) before the inoculation into the Bactec® system proved to be a good option for reliable and fast detection of Mycobacterium spp. in water samples.

Download Full-text