The regulation of hepatic Pon1 by a maternal high-fat diet is gender specific and may occur through promoter histone modifications in neonatal rats

Fetal programming refers to an intrauterine stimulus or insult that shapes growth, development and health outcomes. Dependent on the quality and quantity, dietary fats can be beneficial or detrimental for the growth of the fetus and can alter insulin signaling by regulating the expression of key factors. The effects of varying dietary fat content on the expression profiles of factors in the neonatal female and male rat heart were investigated and analyzed in control (10% fat), 20F (20% fat), 30F (30% fat) and 40F (40% fat which was a high fat diet used to induce high fat programming) neonatal rats. The whole neonatal heart was immunostained for insulin receptor, glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and forkhead box protein 1 (FoxO1), followed by image analysis. The expression of 84 genes, commonly associated with the insulin signaling pathway, were then examined in 40F female and 40F male offspring. Maintenance on diets, varying in fat content during fetal life, altered the expression of cardiac factors, with changes induced from 20% fat in female neonates, but from 30% fat in male neonates. Further, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (Cebpa) was upregulated in 40F female neonates. There was, however, differential expression of several insulin signaling genes in 40F (high fat programmed) offspring, with some tending to significance but most differences were in fold changes (≥1.5 fold). The increased immunoreactivity for insulin receptor, Glut4 and FoxO1 in 20F female and 30F male neonatal rats may reflect a compensatory response to programming to maintain cardiac physiology. Cebpa was upregulated in female offspring maintained on a high fat diet, with fold increases in other insulin signaling genes viz. Aebp1, Cfd (adipsin), Adra1d, Prkcg, Igfbp, Retn (resistin) and Ucp1. In female offspring maintained on a high fat diet, increased Cebpa gene expression (concomitant with fold increases in other insulin signaling genes) may reflect cardiac stress and an adaptative response to cardiac inflammation, stress and/or injury, after high fat programming. Diet and the sex are determinants of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology, reflecting divergent mechanisms that are sex-specific.

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Oleuropein Induces AMPK-Dependent Autophagy in NAFLD Mice, Regardless of the Gender

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19123948 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 3948 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Cristiana Porcu ◽

Silvia Sideri ◽

Maurizio Martini ◽

Alessandra Cocomazzi ◽

Andrea Galli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Liver Steatosis ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Male Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Unhealthy Diet ◽

Autophagic Process ◽

Related Proteins ◽

Gender Specific ◽

Novel Therapeutic

Oleuropein (Ole) is one of the most plentiful phenolic compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. The aim of our study was to establish whether the positive Ole-related effects on liver steatosis could be associated with autophagy. Female and male C57BL/6J mice were fed normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks, and Ole was added or not for the following eight weeks. The autophagy-related proteins Akt, mTOR, AMPK, ULK1, Beclin-1, LC3B and p62/Sqstm1 were analyzed. Interestingly, Ole induced a different regulation of the Akt/mTOR pathway in female compared to male mice, but was able to activate the autophagic process in ND and HFD mice through AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser555, regardless of the gender. Our work reveals the ability of Ole to induce, in liver of ND and HFD mice, autophagy independently by gender-specific mTOR activation. We highlight Ole as a novel therapeutic approach to counteract unhealthy diet-related liver steatosis by targeting autophagy.

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Repeated Retinoic Acid Treatments Modulate Adipose Tissue Development of Neonatal Rats Reared by Mothers Consuming a High Fat Diet

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa041_035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 131-131

Author(s):

Libo Tan ◽

Hui Wang ◽

Yanqi Zhang

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Retinoic Acid ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Neonatal Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Metabolic Conditions

Abstract Objectives Retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, has been shown to be a regulator of adipose tissue (AT) development in adult models. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of repeated RA treatments on body weight (BW) gain, AT development, and metabolic conditions of neonatal rats reared by mothers consuming a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods Five Sprague-Dawley rats arrived on their second day of gestation and were randomized to either a normal-fat diet (NFD = 25% fat; n = 2) or a HFD (50% fat; n = 3) both with a marginal level of VA at 0.35 mg/kg. Half of the pups delivered by mothers in HFD cohort received oral RA treatments. Specifically, on postnatal day 5 (P5) and P8, respectively, n = 12 pups in HFD cohort received an oral RA dose at 4 μg/g BW (HFD + RA group). Remaining pups in HFD cohort (n = 12; HFD group) and pups in NFD cohort (n = 12; NFD group) both received oil as placebo. Six hours after the dose administration on P8, n = 4 pups/group were euthanized with blood, visceral white AT (WAT), and brown AT (BAT) collected. On P11 and P14, remaining pups in NFD, HFD, and HFD + RA group (n = 8/group) received a dose of oil, oil, and RA, respectively. Six hours after the administration on P14, n = 4 pups/group were sacrificed. On P17 and P20, remaining pups in each group (n = 4) received their respective treatment and were euthanized six hours afterwards on P20. Serum samples from P14 and P20 sacrifice were analyzed for concentrations of glucose, insulin, lipids, adipokines, and inflammatory markers. Results At P8 and P14, no significant difference in BW gain, WAT mass, and BAT mass of pups was noted among groups. At P20, all three measures were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the HFD group than in the NFD group; the measures were significantly decreased in the HFD + RA group compared to the HFD group. At P20, serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations were both significantly higher in the HFD than in the NFD group; RA treatment significantly reduced the concentrations of both. The pattern of changes in serum leptin was also observed at P14. At both P14 and P20, serum triglyceride was found to be significantly higher in pups receiving RA treatment. Conclusions Repeated RA treatments exerted a regulatory role on the AT metabolism and development of neonatal offspring to mothers consuming a HFD, as evidenced by reduced BW gain and AT mass as well as modulation of adipokines. Funding Sources NIH.

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Psychosocial, Eating Behavior, and Lifestyle Factors Influencing Overweight and Obesity in Adolescents

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0379572121992750 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. S72-S91

Author(s):

Rina Agustina ◽

Meilianawati ◽

Fenny ◽

Atmarita ◽

Suparmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

School Enrollment ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

High Fat ◽

Older Adolescents ◽

Adolescent Overweight ◽

Lower Education ◽

Gender Specific

Background: Adolescent overweight and obesity (AOO) is a global public health problem and risk for noncommunicable diseases. Understanding context-specific risks is crucial for interventions. Objective: Determine the prevalence of AOO in the Indonesian National Health Survey (INHS) 2013, assess the 5-year trend from 2013 to 2018, and identify risks. Methods: We selected adolescents aged 10 to 19 years (n = 174 290) from the INHS 2013 and used hierarchical logistic regression to identify gender-specific risks for those aged 15 to 19 years (n = 77 534). Change in AOO was assessed by comparison to INHS 2018 reports. Results: The national AOO prevalence increased over 5 years by 48% in young adolescents (13-15 years) and 85% in older ones (16-18 years). High prevalence areas included the urban location of Jakarta (20.9%) and the remote rural region of Papua (19.4%). Overall, AOO risks were being sedentary, male, lower education, married, younger adolescent, and school enrollment, with urban residence and higher wealth being persistent risks for all analyses. Data for depressive symptoms were available for older adolescents whose additional risks were being sedentary, depressive symptoms, and high-fat diet. Male risks were being sedentary and lower education, and female risks were being married, depressive symptoms, high-fat intake, and lower education. Higher intake of fruits and vegetables and fewer sweets did not protect against AOO if a high-fat diet was consumed. Conclusions: Adolescent overweight and obesity in Indonesia is rapidly increasing, especially in older adolescents and males, and with gender-specific risks. Customized multisectoral interventions to identify strategies for lifestyle change are urgently needed.

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