Protective Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Exercise Training on Rat Skeletal Muscle against High-fat Diet Feeding

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has been reported to have a distinct influence on gut microbiota in comparison to other fats, with its physiological benefits widely studied. However, a large proportion of the population consumes olive oil after a depurative process that not only mellows its taste, but also deprives it of polyphenols and other minority components. In this study, we compare the influence on the intestinal microbiota of a diet high in this refined olive oil (ROO) with other fat-enriched diets. Swiss Webster mice were fed standard or a high-fat diet enriched with EVOO, ROO, or butter (BT). Physiological parameters were also evaluated. At the end of the feeding period, DNA was extracted from feces and the 16S rRNA was pyrosequenced. The group fed ROO behaved differently to the EVOO group in half the families with statistically significant differences among the diets, with higher comparative levels in three families—Desulfovibrionaceae, Spiroplasmataceae, and Helicobacteraceae—correlating with total cholesterol. These results are again indicative of a link between specific diets, certain physiological parameters and the prevalence of some taxa, but also support the possibility that polyphenols and minor components of EVOO are involved in some of the proposed effects of this fat through the modulation of the intestinal microbiota

Download Full-text

The High-Fat Diet Based on Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Causes Dysbiosis Linked to Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12061705 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1705

Author(s):

Carmen Rodríguez-García ◽

Cristina Sánchez-Quesada ◽

Ignacio Algarra ◽

José J. Gaforio

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Olive Oil ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽

High Fat ◽

Inflammatory Microenvironment ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Colorectal Cancer Prevention

The present study aims to examine the effects of three different high-fat diet (HFD) on mice gut microbiota in order to analyse whether they create the microenvironmental conditions that either promote or prevent colorectal cancer (CRC). We evaluated colonic mucosa-associated microbiota in CD1 mice fed with HFD, based on 60% kcal from fat-containing coconut, sunflower or extra-virgin olive oil as the only source of fat. The main findings were as follows: (a) All HFD produced a decrease in the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiota that was independent of mouse weight, (b) HFD switched Lactobacillus to Lactococcus. In general, the results showed that both sunflower- and coconut-HFD generated a pro-inflammatory intestinal microenvironment. In brief, coconut-HFD decreased Akkermansia and increased Staphylococcus, Prevotella and Bacteroides spp. abundance. Sunflower-HFD reduced Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium, while enhancing Sphingomonas and Neisseria spp. abundance. In contrast, EVOO-HFD produced an anti-inflammatory microenvironment characterised by a decreased Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Neisseria and Pseudomonas spp. abundance. At the same time, it increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and maintained the Akkermansia population. To conclude, EVOO-HFD produced changes in the gut microbiota that are associated with the prevention of CRC, while coconut and sunflower-HFD caused changes associated with an increased risk of CRC.

Download Full-text

Anti-steatotic effects of an n-3 LCPUFA and extra virgin olive oil mixture in the liver of mice subjected to high-fat diet

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c5fo01086a ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 140-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Rodrigo Valenzuela ◽

Alejandra Espinosa ◽

Paola Llanos ◽

Maria Catalina Hernandez-Rodas ◽

Cynthia Barrera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Olive Oil ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽

High Fat ◽

Long Chain

We evaluated the anti-steatotic effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids plus extra virgin olive oil in the liver of mice fed a high fat diet.

Download Full-text

Effects Of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil And Exercise Training On Inflammation In Rats Fed A High-fat Atherogenic Diet

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000687404.75479.45 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (7S) ◽

pp. 1081-1081

Author(s):

Tianou Zhang ◽

Tao Liu ◽

Yuzi Zhang ◽

Jing Shao ◽

Sarah Ullevig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Atherogenic Diet ◽

High Fat

Download Full-text

Endurance exercise training and high-fat diet differentially affect composition of diacylglycerol molecular species in rat skeletal muscle

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00371.2017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 314 (6) ◽

pp. R892-R901 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Noriaki Kawanishi ◽

Kana Takagi ◽

Hyeon-Cheol Lee ◽

Daiki Nakano ◽

Toshiaki Okuno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Endurance Exercise ◽

Molecular Species ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽

Endurance Exercise Training ◽

Sedentary Conditions

Insulin resistance of peripheral muscle is implicated in the etiology of metabolic syndrome in obesity. Although accumulation of glycerolipids, such as triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol (DAG), in muscle contributes to insulin resistance in obese individuals, endurance-trained athletes also have higher glycerolipid levels but normal insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that the difference in insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle between athletes and obese individuals stems from changes in fatty acid composition of accumulated lipids. Here, we evaluated the effects of intense endurance exercise and high-fat diet (HFD) on the accumulation and composition of lipid molecular species in rat skeletal muscle using a lipidomic approach. Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to three groups and received either normal diet (ND) in sedentary conditions, ND plus endurance exercise training, or HFD in sedentary conditions. Rats were fed ND or HFD between 4 and 12 wk of age. Rats in the exercise group ran on a treadmill for 120 min/day, 5 days/wk, for 8 wk. Soleus muscle lipidomic profiles were obtained using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Total DAG levels, particularly those of palmitoleate-containing species, were increased in muscle by exercise training. However, whereas the total DAG level in the muscle was also increased by HFD, the levels of DAG molecular species containing palmitoleate were decreased by HFD. The concentration of phosphatidylethanolamine molecular species containing palmitoleate was increased by exercise but decreased by HFD. Our results indicate that although DAG accumulation was similar levels in trained and sedentary obese rats, specific changes in molecular species containing palmitoleate were opposite.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil on LOX-1 and COX-2 in High Fat Diet Rats

Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research ◽

10.14710/jbtr.v2i1.331 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Ibrahem Omran Lakhder ◽

Lisyani Suromo ◽

Kis Djamiatun

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Oil Extract ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: High fat diet is a diet containing large amounts of fat consistently, the increase dietary fat and cholesterol which have a key role in growing health problems. Extra virgin olive oil associated with prevention of LDL oxidation, beneficial changes in lipid ratios and low risk for CHD.Objective: to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of extra virgin olive oil extract to levels of COX-2 and LOX-1 in the blood in rats induced by high fat dietMethods: This research is an experimental study that used randomized posttest only control group design. 30 Wistar rats which were divided into five groups: group of control (-) which received normal diet and group of control (+) which received high fat diet without EVOO treatment and three high fat diet groups treated by EVOO 1 mL/kg/day, 2 mL/kg/day and 3 mL/kg/day orally for 2 months. The blood was collected from eyes rats and serum separation by centrifuge. COX-2, LOX-1 concentration was measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: The result of this study showed higher COX-2 concentrations in groups treated with EVOO than control group. COX-2 serum levels of negative control where significantly lower than those of rats treated with 2 ml/kg/day (p = 0.047) and 3 ml/kg/day EVOO (p = 0.014). The COX-2 serum levels of group received 1 ml/kg/day were significantly lower than those of rats received 3 ml/kg/day EVOO (p = 0.027). And showed not significantly deferent among all groups (p = 0.570).Conclusions: The conclusion of this study has showed that extra virgin olive oil extract might have minor anti inflammatory and antioxidant effect in rats.

Download Full-text