Comparative analysis of salt stress, duration and intensity, on the chloroplast ultrastructure and photosynthetic apparatus in Thellungiella salsuginea

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahma Goussi ◽  
Arafet Manaa ◽  
Walid Derbali ◽  
Simone Cantamessa ◽  
Chedly Abdelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Thellungiella Salsuginea

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles on Tobacco Plants: Evaluation of Coating Effects on Photosynthetic Performance and Chloroplast Ultrastructure

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Petra Peharec Štefanić ◽  
Karla Košpić ◽  
Daniel Mark Lyons ◽  
Lara Jurković ◽  
Biljana Balen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
The Impact

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most exploited nanomaterial in agriculture and food production, and their release into the environment raises concern about their impact on plants. Since AgNPs are prone to biotransformation, various surface coatings are used to enhance their stability, which may modulate AgNP-imposed toxic effects. In this study, the impact of AgNPs stabilized with different coatings (citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)) and AgNO3 on photosynthesis of tobacco plants as well as AgNP stability in exposure medium have been investigated. Obtained results revealed that AgNP-citrate induced the least effects on chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and pigment content, which could be ascribed to their fast agglomeration in the exposure medium and consequently weak uptake. The impact of AgNP-PVP and AgNP-CTAB was more severe, inducing a deterioration of photosynthetic activity along with reduced pigment content and alterations in chloroplast ultrastructure, which could be correlated to their higher stability, elevated Ag accumulation, and surface charge. In conclusion, intrinsic properties of AgNP coatings affect their stability and bioavailability in the biological medium, thereby indirectly contributing changes in the photosynthetic apparatus. Moreover, AgNP treatments exhibited more severe inhibitory effects compared to AgNO3, which indicates that the impact on photosynthesis is dependent on the form of Ag.

Comparative analysis of metabolic proteome variation in ascorbate-primed and unprimed wheat seeds during germination under salt stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 238-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azzedine Fercha ◽  
Anna Laura Capriotti ◽  
Giuseppe Caruso ◽  
Chiara Cavaliere ◽  
Roberto Samperi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Wheat Seeds

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses alleviating salt stress in maize is associated with a decline in root-to-leaf gradient of Na+/K+ ratio

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Tingting An ◽  
Di Huang ◽  
Runjin Liu ◽  
Bingcheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root System ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Influx Rate ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Ionic Imbalance ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has the potential to alleviate salt stress in host plants through the mitigation of ionic imbalance. However, inoculation effects vary, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Two maize genotypes (JD52, salt-tolerant with large root system, and FSY1, salt-sensitive with small root system) inoculated with or without AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae were grown in pots containing soil amended with 0 or 100 mM NaCl (incrementally added 32 days after sowing, DAS) in a greenhouse. Plants were assessed 59 DAS for plant growth, tissue Na+ and K+ contents, the expression of plant transporter genes responsible for Na+ and/or K+ uptake, translocation or compartmentation, and chloroplast ultrastructure alterations. Results Under 100 mM NaCl, AM plants of both genotypes grew better with denser root systems than non-AM plants. Relative to non-AM plants, the accumulation of Na+ and K+ was decreased in AM plant shoots but increased in AM roots with a decrease in the shoot: root Na+ ratio particularly in FSY1, accompanied by differential regulation of ion transporter genes (i.e., ZmSOS1, ZmHKT1, and ZmNHX). This induced a relatively higher Na+ efflux (recirculating) rate than K+ in AM shoots while the converse outcoming (higher Na+ influx rate than K+) in AM roots. The higher K+: Na+ ratio in AM shoots contributed to the maintenance of structural and functional integrity of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells. Conclusion AM symbiosis improved maize salt tolerance by accelerating Na+ shoot-to-root translocation rate and mediating Na+/K+ distribution between shoots and roots.

Changes in photosynthetic apparatus of mustard (Sinapis alba) cotyledons following cycloheximide and kinetin treatments

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Machlicová ◽  
L’udmila Slováková ◽  
Ján Hudák
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Rubisco Subunits

AbstractBiochemical and accompanying structural characteristics of the photosynthetic process were studied in mustard seedlings cultivated on medium with increasing concentrations of cycloheximide alone as well as in combination with various kinetin concentrations. After 7 days of cultivation the contents of total chlorophyll, carotenoids and content of Rubisco in mustard cotyledons were determined. The content of chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids decreased in dependence of cycloheximide concentration. Following antibiotic treatment the content of both Rubisco subunits markedly decreased. In addition cycloheximide caused disturbance in mesophyll organization and chloroplast ultrastructure.Kinetin applied with cycloheximide increased the amount of photosynthetic pigments as well as of Rubisco, compared to the cycloheximide alone. In the seedlings treated with cycloheximide+kinetin the structure of leaf mesophyll and chloroplast membrane system was similar to control. Our results indicate that kinetin diminished the negative effects of cycloheximide on photosynthetic pigments and Rubisco as well as on the structural traits of the cotyledons.

scholarly journals Can Ceylon Leadwort (Plumbago zeylanica L.) Acclimate to Lead Toxicity?—Studies of Photosynthetic Apparatus Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof M. Tokarz ◽  
Wojciech Makowski ◽  
Barbara Tokarz ◽  
Monika Hanula ◽  
Ewa Sitek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Fluorescence Measurement ◽  
Reaction Centre ◽  
Donor Side ◽  
Plumbago Zeylanica ◽  
Pb Concentration

Ceylon leadwort (Plumbago zeylanica) is ornamental plant known for its pharmacological properties arising from the abundant production of various secondary metabolites. It often grows in lead polluted areas. The aim of presented study was to evaluate the survival strategy of P. zeylanica to lead toxicity via photosynthetic apparatus acclimatization. Shoots of P. zeylanica were cultivated on media with different Pb concentrations (0.0, 0.05, and 0.1 g Pb∙l−1). After a four-week culture, the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants was evaluated by Chl a fluorescence measurement, photosynthetic pigment, and Lhcb1, PsbA, PsbO, and RuBisCo protein accumulation, antioxidant enzymes activity, and chloroplast ultrastructure observation. Plants from lower Pb concentration revealed no changes in photosynthetic pigments content and light-harvesting complex (LHCII) size, as well as no limitation on the donor side of Photosystem II Reaction Centre (PSII RC). However, the activity and content of antioxidant enzymes indicated a high risk of limitation on the acceptor side of Photosystem I. In turn, plants from 0.1 g Pb∙l−1 showed a significant decrease in pigments content, LHCII size, the amount of active PSII RC, oxygen-evolving complex activity, and significant remodeling of chloroplast ultrastructure indicated limitation of PSII RC donor side. Obtained results indicate that P. zeylanica plants acclimate to lead toxicity by Pb accumulation in roots and, depending on Pb concentration, by adjusting their photosynthetic apparatus via the activation of alternative (cyclic and pseudocyclic) electron transport pathways.

scholarly journals Pretreatment with a Low Concentration of Methyl Viologen Decreases the Effects of Salt Stress on Chloroplast Ultrastructure in Rice Leaves (Oryza sativaL.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Yamane ◽  
Shahidur Rahman ◽  
Michio Kawasaki ◽  
Mitsutaka Taniguchi ◽  
Hiroshi Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Methyl Viologen ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Rice Leaves

scholarly journals Reducing the Halotolerance Gap between Sensitive and Resistant Tomato by Spraying Melatonin

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Rong Zhou ◽  
Benjian Cen ◽  
Fangling Jiang ◽  
Mintao Sun ◽  
Junqin Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
H2o2 Content ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

Salt stress is one of the primary abiotic stresses that negatively affects agricultural production. Melatonin, as a useful hormone in plants, has been shown to play positive roles in crop improvement to abiotic stress conditions. However, it remains unclear whether spraying melatonin could reduce the halotolerance gap between tomato genotypes with different salt sensitivities. Here, plant growth, H2O2 content, electrolyte leakage, antioxidant system, gas exchange, pigment content, and chloroplast ultrastructure of salt sensitive genotype (SG) and resistant genotype (RG) at CK (control), M (spraying melatonin), S (salt), and SM (spraying melatonin under salt stress) were investigated. The results showed that the weight, height, and stem diameter of the plant at SM from both genotypes significantly increased compared with S. The plant undergoing SM from both genotypes showed significantly decreased H2O2 but increased activity of SOD, APX, GR, and GSH, as well as net photosynthetic rate and Fv/Fm, as compared with S. The ratio between SM and S (SM/S) of SG was significantly higher than that of RG in terms of plant height and stem diameter, whereas antioxidant parameters, H2O2 content, and electrolyte leakage showed no difference between RG and SG in SM/S. The SM/S of SG in terms of photosynthetic parameters and pigment content were significantly higher than that of RG. Chloroplast ultrastructure showed remarkable changes under salt stress, whereas spraying melatonin reduced the destruction of chloroplasts, especially for SG. We concluded that spraying melatonin reduces the halotolerance gap between SG and RG by photosynthesis regulation instead of the antioxidant mechanism. This indicated that the positive roles of melatonin on tomato plants at salt stress depend on the genotype sensitivity.

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