Infraspinatus strength assessment before and after scapular muscles rehabilitation in professional volleyball players with scapular dyskinesis

The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute effects of the bench press exercise with predetermined velocity loss percentage on subsequent bench press throw (BPT) performance with raised legs or feet on the floor among disabled, sitting volleyball players. Twelve elite sitting volleyball athletes (age = 33 ± 9 years; body mass = 84.7 ± 14.7 kg; relative bench press maximum strength = 1.0 ± 0.3 kg/body mass) took part in this study. The experiment was performed following a randomized crossover design, where each participant performed a single set of bench press with a 60% one-repetition maximum (1RM) to a 10% decrease of mean bar velocity as a conditioning activity (CA). The BPT with a 60%1RM was performed to assess changes in peak power (PP), peak velocity (PV) before and after the CA. The differences between analyzed variables before and after the CA were verified using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (condition × time; 2 × 2). The ANOVA showed a significant main effect of time for peak bar velocity (p = 0.03; η2 = 0.312) and peak power output (p = 0.037; η2 = 0.294). The post hoc comparison showed a significant increase in post-CA peak bar velocity and peak power for raised legs condition in comparison with pre-CA value (p = 0.02, p = 0.041, respectively). The present study showed that the subsequent BPT performed with raised legs could be enhanced by the bench press with a 60% 1RM to a 10% mean bar velocity decrease as a CA among disabled sitting volleyball players. Therefore, athletes and coaches can consider performing a bench press throw with raised legs without compromising performance.

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Recovery of Joint Position Sense in the Shoulder after Muscle Fatigue

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.15.4.312 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 312-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hsiao-Yun Chang ◽

Chen-Sheng Chen ◽

Shun-Hwa Wei ◽

Chi-Huang Huang

Keyword(s):

Muscle Fatigue ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Position Sense ◽

Joint Position Sense ◽

Joint Position ◽

Strength Assessment ◽

Outcome Measurements ◽

Before And After ◽

Shoulder Strength ◽

Local Muscle Fatigue

Context:Fatigue of the shoulder rotator muscles may negatively affect joint position sense (JPS) and ultimately lead to injury.Objective:Recovery of shoulder JPS after muscle fatigue.Design:A repeated-measures study.Setting:Musculoskeletal research laboratory.Patients:Thirteen subjects participated in joint position error tests and isokinetic concentric strength assessment in shoulder rotation, before and after rotator muscle fatigue.Interventions:Local muscle fatigue was induced using isokinetic concentric contractions of the shoulder rotator muscles.Main Outcome Measurements:Shoulder rotator strength and JPS error signals were measured before fatigue, immediately after fatigue, and every ten minutes thereafter for one hour.Results:Before shoulder rotation muscle fatigue, the accuracy of shoulder JPS was 2.79 ± 1.67 degrees. After muscle fatigue, the accuracy decreased to 6.39 ± 2.90 degrees. Shoulder JPS was influenced up to 40 minutes after muscle fatigue, but shoulder strength was only affected for 10 minutes after muscle fatigue.Conclusions:Proprioceptive recovery was slower than strength following fatigue of the shoulder rotators.

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The Effect of Submaximal Exercise Preceded by Single Whole-Body Cryotherapy on the Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Blood of Volleyball Players

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2013/409567 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska ◽

Alicja Jurecka ◽

Alina Woźniak ◽

Michał Szpinda ◽

Beata Augustyńska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Submaximal Exercise ◽

Whole Body ◽

Volleyball Players ◽

Before And After ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽

Total Oxidative Status ◽

Whole Body Cryotherapy ◽

Response To Exercise ◽

Control Exercise

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of single whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) session applied prior to submaximal exercise on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the concentration of lipid peroxidation products, total oxidative status, and the level of cytokines in blood of volleyball players. The study group consisted of 18 male professional volleyball players, who were subjected to extremely cold air (−130∘C) prior to exercise performed on cycloergometer. Blood samples were taken five times: before WBC, after WBC procedure, after exercise preceded by cryotherapy (WBC exercise), and before and after exercise without WBC (control exercise). The activity of catalase statistically significantly increased after control exercise. Moreover, the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase was lower after WBC exercise than after control exercise (P<0.001). After WBC exercise, the level of IL-6 and IL-1βwas also lower (P<0.001) than after control exercise. The obtained results may suggest that cryotherapy prior to exercise may have some antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The relations between the level of studied oxidative stress and inflammatory markers may testify to the contribution of reactive oxygen species in cytokines release into the blood system in response to exercise and WBC.

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Influence of Playing Venue on Testosterone and Cortisol Responses in Male Inter-University Volleyball Players

Global Social Sciences Review ◽

10.31703/gssr.2020(v-iv).11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol V (IV) ◽

pp. 93-101

Author(s):

Yasmeen Tabassum ◽

Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Butt ◽

Nabila Roohi

Keyword(s):

Cortisol Level ◽

Testosterone Level ◽

Private Universities ◽

Hormonal Responses ◽

Public And Private ◽

Volleyball Players ◽

Before And After ◽

Cortisol Responses ◽

At Home

The present study aimed to examine the effect of playing venue on testosterone and cortisol responses in male volleyball players. Ninety-six players from eight different public and private universities were monitored during eight competitive matches playing against each other on a home and opponent's home ground. The matches played at home were also won. Testosterone (ng/mL) and cortisol (ug/dL) levels were analyzed before and after each match. A significantly (p 0.0001) pre-match reduction was seen in the testosterone level of players on the opponent's home ground as evidence which indicates that playing venue affects the players' behavior even they did not play the match. Whereas, significantly (p 0.0001) higher pre-match cortisol level of players was observed on an opponent's home ground before the commencement of the match. The present study concluded that playing venue strongly influenced the players' hormonal responses, and they perceive more stress while playing on the opponent's ground.

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The Effects of Plyometric Conditioning Exercises on Volleyball Performance with Self-Selected Rest Intervals

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11188329 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (18) ◽

pp. 8329

Author(s):

Michal Krzysztofik ◽

Rafal Kalinowski ◽

Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik ◽

Michal Wilk ◽

Adam Zajac

Keyword(s):

Performance Enhancement ◽

Lower Body ◽

Mean Power ◽

Back Squat ◽

Specific Performance ◽

Volleyball Players ◽

Before And After ◽

Ball Velocity ◽

Mean Power Output ◽

Rest Intervals

Post-activation performance enhancement remains a topic of debate in sport science. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of lower-body plyometric conditioning activity (CA) with a self-selected intra-complex rest interval on upper and lower-body volleyball specific performance. Eleven resistance-trained female volleyball players participated in the study (age: 20 ± 2 years; body mass: 67.8 ± 4.4 kg; height: 178 ± 6 cm; half back squat one-repetition maximum: 78.6 ± 10.2 kg; experience in resistance training: 5.5 ± 2.1 years and in volleyball training: 10 ± 2.3 years). Each participant performed a plyometric CA followed by two different sport-specific tests: an attack jump and a standing spike attack. The changes in jump height (JH), relative mean power output (MP) and ball velocity (BV) were analyzed before and after the CA with self-selected rest intervals. The applied plyometric CA with self-selected intra-complex rest intervals led to an insignificant decline in JH (p = 0.594; effect size [ES]: −0.27) and MP (p = 0.328; ES: −0.46) obtained during the attack jump as well as a significant decline in BV (p = 0.029; ES: −0.72) during the standing spike attack. This study showed that a plyometric CA with self-selected intra-complex rest intervals failed to elicit localized and non-localized PAPE effect in a group of sub-elite volleyball players.

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Effect of training on the development of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in volleyball players

Physical Education of Students ◽

10.15561/20755279.2020.0602 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 312-318

Author(s):

Selcen Korkmaz Eryılmaz ◽

Kerimhan Kaynak

Keyword(s):

Minute Ventilation ◽

Training Period ◽

Oxyhemoglobin Saturation ◽

Arterial Hypoxemia ◽

Ventilatory Equivalent ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Volleyball Players ◽

Before And After ◽

History Of ◽

Exercise Induced

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of volleyball training on the development of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia during incremental exercise in male competitive volleyball players. Material and Methods. Eight male amateur volleyball players (age 21±1.3 years) participated in a 6-week volleyball training program three times a week in the pre-season preparatory period. Before and after the training period, all players performed an incremental treadmill test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) was continuously measured using a pulse oximeter during the test. Maximal values of minute ventilation (VEmax), respiratory exchange ratio (RERmax), ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VE/VO2) and carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) were determined. Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) was defined as a SaO2 decreased by at least 4% (ΔSaO2≤ −4%) from resting level. Results. All the players exhibited exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia before (ΔSaO2= –8.8±3.3%) and after (ΔSaO2= –8.31.5%) the training period. SaO2 was significantly decreased from 97.6±1% at rest to 88.7±2.7% at exhaustion before the training period, and from 97.2±1.1% at rest to 88.8±2.1% at exhaustion after training period (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in resting and lowest SaO2 values by comparison between the before and after training (p > 0.05). There were no significant changes in VO2max, VEmax, RERmax, VE/VO2 and VE/VCO2 after training period (p > 0.05). Conclusions. The results of this study showed that volleyball players with a history of anaerobic training may exhibit EIAH, but that 6-week volleyball training has no effect on the degree of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia.

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Serratus Anterior Stretch: A Novel Intervention and Its Effect on the Shoulder Range of Motion

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2020-0121 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Keramat Ullah Keramat ◽

Mohammad Naveed Babar

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Internal Rotation ◽

External Rotation ◽

Scapular Dyskinesis ◽

Serratus Anterior ◽

Shoulder Dysfunction ◽

Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽

Before And After ◽

Movement Screening ◽

Shoulder Range

Context: Serratus anterior tightness is associated with scapular dyskinesis and overall shoulder dysfunction, which affects the range of motion. The most effective intervention to stretch the serratus anterior is unknown. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a therapist-administered novel serratus anterior stretch (SAS) on shoulder range of motion. Method: This study recruited 30 healthy subjects of age 21.20 (1.69) years, height 1.65 (0.11) m, and weight 60.90 (10.36) kg in equal ratio of males and females who scored 1 or 2 on the shoulder mobility test of functional movement screening. A single intervention of a novel SAS was applied to the shoulder. Outcome variables before and after the SAS included the following: shoulder ROM (flexion, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation) and functional movements of reaching up behind the back and reaching down behind the neck. Results: A paired t test was used to analyze the data. Following the acute SAS intervention, all shoulder ROM improved significantly (P < .000). The change in internal rotation was 6.00° (7.47°), external rotation was 5.66° (9.35°), abduction was 13.50° (11.82°), flexion was 20° (13.33°), reaching up behind the back was 5.10 (2.21) cm, and reaching down behind the neck was 5.41 (2.89) cm. The most marked improvement was in reaching up behind the back (24.48%) and reaching down behind the neck (22.78%). A very large effect size (>1) was observed across most of the variables. Conclusion: An acute SAS intervention improves shoulder mobility in healthy individuals. It is recommended for the trial on the prevention and rehabilitation of shoulder pathologies with restriction in shoulder mobility.

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Mirror Cross-Exercise on a Kinetic Chain Approach Improves Throwing Performance in Professional Volleyball Athletes With Scapular Dyskinesis

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2021-0103 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Eleftherios Paraskevopoulos ◽

Theocharis Simeonidis ◽

Charilaos Tsolakis ◽

Panagiotis Koulouvaris ◽

Maria Papandreou

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Control Group ◽

Ground Reaction Forces ◽

Scapular Dyskinesis ◽

Kinetic Chain ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Throwing Accuracy ◽

Volleyball Players ◽

Reaction Forces ◽

Accuracy Speed

Context: Volleyball players have shown to be at an increased risk of developing scapular dyskinesis. The kinetic chain exercise approach has gained a lot of attention because of its claims to provide an improved motor control and scapular kinematics. A form of cross exercise, known as mirror therapy, may enhance the effects of a kinetic chain exercise approach in throwing performance. Objective: To examine the effects of mirror cross exercise (MCE), based on a kinetic chain exercise approach in the throwing performance of volleyball athletes with scapular dyskinesis. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Methods: 39 volleyball players with scapular dyskinesis were randomly allocated into 3 groups. The first group completed a 6-week kinetic chain approach (KCA group), the second group completed a kinetic chain exercise approach program in addition to MCE group, and the control group followed only their regular training program. Before and after delivering both interventions, throwing accuracy, speed, and force were determined while measuring the ground reaction forces of the drive leg during throwing. Two-way mixed analysis of variance investigated the effects of intervention and time and their interaction. Results: The results showed intervention × time statistically significant interactions for throwing accuracy, speed, and force for the MCE and the KCA groups. Over the 6-week training period, the MCE and the KCA groups showed significant improvements in throwing accuracy (P < .01) and speed (P < .01), while the ground reaction forces did not change (P > .05). Throwing force increased significantly in the MCE group (P = .01). Between-group comparison showed statistically significant improvements in the throwing accuracy for the MCE and KCA groups against the control group (P < .01) at posttesting. The MCE demonstrated superior results over the KCA in the aforementioned measures. Conclusions: This study suggests that the addition of MCE in a KCA program enhances energy transfer throughout the distal and proximal segments, thus improving kinetic chain recruitment and potentially preventing shoulder pathology.

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