scholarly journals IN2 A Model-Based Estimation of the Cost-of-Illness Associated with Neisseria gonorrhoea in England and the USA: Assessing the Potential Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance and Long-Term Health Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S403
Author(s):  
L. Arnold ◽  
A.C. Peultier ◽  
J. Whelan ◽  
E. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoea ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals BOTS AMONG US: PREVALENCE, INFLUENCE, AND ROLES OF AUTOMATED ACCOUNTS IN THE GERMAN TWITTER FOLLOW NETWORK

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Victor Münch ◽  
Cornelius Puschmann ◽  
Ben Thies ◽  
Axel Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fake News ◽  
National Scale ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Graph Exploration ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Term Monitoring

Social bots are undermining trust in social media. They spread low-credibility content, fake news, and spam. However, most research is based on bots that actively share links or keywords, rather than assessing the longer-term presence of bots as an integral part of platforms. To address this gap, we present what to our knowledge is the first study that assesses the prevalence, influence, and roles of automated accounts in a Twitter follow network on a national scale. This allows us to analyse the potential impact of bots beyond the context of single events and topics. To collect a follow network of the most central accounts in the German-speaking Twittersphere, we have adapted the rank-degree method, a graph exploration method that is able to identify the most influential spreaders within complex networks, as a data mining method using the cost-free standard Twitter API. To identify bots, we employ the Botometer API. Both methods combined allow us to localise bots within topical clusters, to estimate their potential influence, and to assess the roles of the most central bots. Our findings indicate that bots have only a low negative impact on the German-speaking Twittersphere. However, the most sophisticated bots will likely remain absent from our study, as false negatives. Similarly, trolls and semi-automated accounts necessitate further research. Our new sampling approach combined with Botometer is promising, for example, for Twitterspheres based on other languages. The study itself opens further avenues of enquiry, such as a long-term monitoring of automated accounts in the German Twittersphere.

scholarly journals The economic burden of prostate cancer. A systematic literature overview of registry-based studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (13) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanni Rencz ◽  
Valentin Brodszky ◽  
Péter Varga ◽  
József Gajdácsi ◽  
Péter Nyirády ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Cost

Introduction: Prostate cancer, the most frequent malignant disease in males in Europe, accounts for a great proportion of health expenditures. Aim: A systematic review of registry-based studies about the cost-of-illness and related factors of prostate cancer, published in the last 10 years. Method: A MEDLINE-based literature review was carried out between January 1, 2003 and October 1, 2013. Results: Fifteen peer-reviewed articles met the criteria of interest. In developed countries radiotherapy, surgical treatment and hormone therapy account for the greatest per capita costs. In Europe early stage tumours (4–7000 €, 2006), while in the USA metastatic prostate cancer (19 900–25 500 $, 2004) was associated with highest per capita expenses. In Europe the greatest costs incurred within the initial treatment (6400 €/6 months, 2008), while in the USA within the end-of-life care (depending on age: 62 200–93 400 $, 2010). Conclusions: Despite public health importance of prostate cancer, the cost-of-illness literature from Europe is relatively small. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(13), 509–520.

scholarly journals The burden of disease and the cost of illness attributable to child maltreatment in Japan: long-term health consequences largely matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuting Mo ◽  
Ruoyan Tobe Gai ◽  
Yoshiyuki Tachibana ◽  
Timothy Bolt ◽  
Yoshimitsu Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Sistema remoto de alimentación semiautomatizado para mascotas

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Jose Manuel ZAPIEN-RODRIGUEZ ◽  
Guadalupe Janeth CRUZ-BRICEÑO ◽  
Carlos Andres ROSILES-REYES ◽  
Eva Alejandra TORRES-CARRILLO
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phones ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Opposite Case ◽  
The People ◽  
The Cost

The overload of activities of the people causes the lack of time for the care of the pets, which causes that they do not receive their food in adequate schedules, or the opposite case of only leaving a food tower without measuring proportions. This causes serious problems in the health of pets in the long term, either malnutrition or obesity. The objective of the project is to feed the pets adequately at set times, avoiding health problems due to a bad diet in the pet due to lack of time, likewise avoiding the waste of food by giving specific portions according to the intake Automatic decision by weight and race size. This project will be carried out with recycled materials, reducing the cost of processing. A base that will hold an aluminum blade, this will be responsible for turning allowing or obstructing the passage of food. In the upper part there is a container with lid to store the food. With the help of an application created for cell phones where you enter the weight of your pet and the size of its breed, the amount of food that corresponds to it is calculated, this calculation is based on a food table. In this application you can also set different schedules for the three daily meals.

scholarly journals ANALISIS COST OF ILLNESS PENYAKIT HIPERTENSI DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH PRAYA, NTB

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Aris Fadillah ◽  
Juwita Ramadhani ◽  
Karina Erlianti ◽  
Hasniah Hasniah
Keyword(s):  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hypertensive Crises ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Heath Care ◽  
Antihypertensive Treatments

The high prevalence of hypertension and the long-term of antihypertensive treatments required are the main reasons for the need of economic analysis on the costs of hypertensive treatment. This study aims to quantify direct medical cost of hypertension. This study uses retrospective cost of illness analysis in descriptive observational design with heath care perspective. Data were collected from the hospital’s management information system, patient's prescriptions and patient's medical records. Fifty-eight patient’s data were analyzed. Direct medical cost of the patient without comorbidities in stage 1 hypertension was Rp 535,660 ± 100,681, stage 2 hypertension was Rp 381,940 ± 126,423 and hypertensive crises was Rp 456,241 ± 197,959. Direct medical cost of the patients with comorbidities in stage 1 hypertension was Rp 398,750 ± 240,542, stage 2 hypertension was Rp 486,227 ± 241,136 and hypertensive crises was Rp 425,816 ± 140,898. Direct medical costs for patients with compelling indications in stage 1 hypertension was Rp 512,810 ± 152,661, stage 2 hypertension was Rp 444,183 ± 109,162 and hypertensive crises was Rp 410,364 ± 80,388. Cost for drugs was represented as the largest component of direct medical cost (37.49%) followes by cost for ward (26.54%), medical treatment fee (15.88%), medical support fee (9.05%), doctor visit fee (8.12%) and service fee (2.91%). The hypertension's stage, comorbidities and compelling indications are not affecting the cost of therapy. The rational use of drugs will decrease the cost of hypertension treatment.

scholarly journals A Multicenter Cost-of-Illness and Long-term Socioeconomic Follow-up Study in the Severe Typhoid Fever in Africa Program: Study Protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. S459-S465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enusa Ramani ◽  
Seeun Park ◽  
Trevor Toy ◽  
Ursula Panzner ◽  
Ondari D Mogeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Economic ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Economic Studies

Abstract Background There are limited data on typhoid fever cost of illness (COI) and economic impact from Africa. Health economic data are essential for measuring the cost-effectiveness of vaccination or other disease control interventions. Here, we describe the protocol and methods for conducting the health economic studies under the Severe Typhoid Fever in Africa (SETA) program. Methods The SETA health economic studies will rely on the platform for SETA typhoid surveillance in 4 African countries—Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, and Madagascar. A COI and long-term socioeconomic study (LT-SES) will be its components. The COI will be assessed among blood culture–positive typhoid fever cases, blood culture–negative clinically suspected cases (clinical cases), and typhoid fever cases with pathognomonic gastrointestinal perforations (special cases). Repeated surveys using pretested questionnaires will be used to measure out-of-pocket expenses, quality of life, and the long-term socioeconomic impact. The cost of resources consumed for diagnosis and treatment will be collected at health facilities. Results Results from these studies will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences to make the data available to the wider health economics and public health research communities. Conclusions The health economic data will be analyzed to estimate the average cost per case, the quality of life at different stages of illness, financial stress due to illness, and the burden on the family due to caregiving during illness. The data generated are expected to be used in economic analysis and policy making on typhoid control interventions in sub-Saharan Africa.

Cost-effectiveness of prevention of venous thromboembolism

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
B Sharp ◽  
A H Davies
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Bridging Therapy ◽  
Vte Prophylaxis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
The Cost

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potentially fatal vascular disease that affects more than 170,000 patients in the USA every year. All hospitalized patients are at an increased risk of developing VTE and subsequent pulmonary embolus. There is growing literature concentrating on the cost-effectiveness of preventing VTE occurring. So far recommendations have been conflicting and research has not explored the use of VTE prophylaxis in low-risk patient groups. Comparisons between low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) and unfractionated heparins have revealed that LMWHs are superior not only in action but also in cost-effectiveness. In elective surgery, patients who require long-term anticoagulation bridging therapy with LMWH at home have shown comparable safety and efficacy and the method is far less costly than inpatient bridging therapy with unfractionated heparin.

scholarly journals Should coronavirus policies remain in place to prevent future paediatric influenza deaths?

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2021-107982
Author(s):  
Dianela Perdomo
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Long Endurance ◽  
Value Of Health

The 2019–2020 to 2020–2021 influenza seasons in the USA saw a dramatic 99.5% decrease in paediatric mortality, with only one influenza death recorded during the latter season. This decrease has been attributed to a substantial reduction in transmission, resulting from the various restrictive measures enacted during the COVID-19 pandemic, onset March 2020. The relative disappearance of influenza raises specific policy questions, such as whether these measures should be kept in place after COVID-19 transmission reaches acceptable levels or herd immunity is achieved. Given the nature of these measures as liberty restricting, it is worth discussing their intended outcome and what values they promote. Do these measures in fact promote health, or simply give the comfort of safety while undermining long-term health and individual liberties? I argue that the year-long endurance of the pandemic well into 2021 may have flattened our value landscape into one where health reigns supreme. Discussions are underway regarding whether we should modify previously accepted health risks, such as the risk of contracting influenza. In this paper, I attempt to clarify the values that motivate our policies and discuss how our present historical context has appreciated the value of health. I also provide an analysis of various pandemic policies and their relation to influenza paediatric deaths. Ultimately, the cost of certain measures on values such as education, socialisation and liberty, among others, is too high to justify their use beyond regulating the spread of COVID-19.

Physical and Psychological Benefits of Written Emotional Expression

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kállay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. The last several decades have witnessed a substantial increase in the number of individuals suffering from both diagnosable and subsyndromal mental health problems. Consequently, the development of cost-effective treatment methods, accessible to large populations suffering from different forms of mental health problems, became imperative. A very promising intervention is the method of expressive writing (EW), which may be used in both clinically diagnosable cases and subthreshold symptomatology. This method, in which people express their feelings and thoughts related to stressful situations in writing, has been found to improve participants’ long-term psychological, physiological, behavioral, and social functioning. Based on a thorough analysis and synthesis of the published literature (also including most recent meta-analyses), the present paper presents the expressive writing method, its short- and long-term, intra-and interpersonal effects, different situations and conditions in which it has been proven to be effective, the most important mechanisms implied in the process of recovery, advantages, disadvantages, and possible pitfalls of the method, as well as variants of the original technique and future research directions.

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