Surface tension of hydrous silicate melts: Constraints on the impact of melt composition

2013 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Gardner ◽  
Richard A. Ketcham ◽  
Gordon Moore
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Silicate Melts ◽  
Hydrous Silicate ◽  
Melt Composition ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Buoyancy control in ammonoid cephalopods refined by complex internal shell architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Peterman ◽  
Kathleen A. Ritterbush ◽  
Charles N. Ciampaglio ◽  
Erynn H. Johnson ◽  
Shinya Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Functional Explanation ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Biomechanical Stress ◽  
Liquid Retention ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Functional Explanations ◽  
Hydrophilic Coatings ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe internal architecture of chambered ammonoid conchs profoundly increased in complexity through geologic time, but the adaptive value of these structures is disputed. Specifically, these cephalopods developed fractal-like folds along the edges of their internal divider walls (septa). Traditionally, functional explanations for septal complexity have largely focused on biomechanical stress resistance. However, the impact of these structures on buoyancy manipulation deserves fresh scrutiny. We propose increased septal complexity conveyed comparable shifts in fluid retention capacity within each chamber. We test this interpretation by measuring the liquid retained by septa, and within entire chambers, in several 3D-printed cephalopod shell archetypes, treated with (and without) biomimetic hydrophilic coatings. Results show that surface tension regulates water retention capacity in the chambers, which positively scales with septal complexity and membrane capillarity, and negatively scales with size. A greater capacity for liquid retention in ammonoids may have improved buoyancy regulation, or compensated for mass changes during life. Increased liquid retention in our experiments demonstrate an increase in areas of greater surface tension potential, supporting improved chamber refilling. These findings support interpretations that ammonoids with complex sutures may have had more active buoyancy regulation compared to other groups of ectocochleate cephalopods. Overall, the relationship between septal complexity and liquid retention capacity through surface tension presents a robust yet simple functional explanation for the mechanisms driving this global biotic pattern.

scholarly journals Experimental Etching of Diamonds: Extrapolation to Impact Diamonds from the Popigai Crater (Russia)

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1229
Author(s):  
Valeri Sonin ◽  
Egor Zhimulev ◽  
Aleksei Chepurov ◽  
Ivan Gryaznov ◽  
Anatoly Chepurov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Range ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Silicate Melts ◽  
Etch Pits ◽  
Diamond Crystals ◽  
Surface Graphitization ◽  
O2 Diffusion ◽  
The Impact

Diamond etching in high-temperature ambient-pressure experiments has been performed aimed to assess possible postimpact effects on diamonds in impact craters, for the case of the Popigai crater in Yakutia (Russia). The experiments with different etchants, including various combinations of silicate melts, air, and inert gases, demonstrated the diversity of microstructures on {111} diamond faces: negative or positive trigons, as well as hexagonal, round, or irregularly shaped etch pits and striation. The surface features obtained after etching experiments with kimberlitic diamonds are similar to those observed on natural impact diamonds with some difference due to the origin of the latter as a result of a martensitic transformation of graphite in target rocks. Extrapolated to natural impact diamonds, the experimental results lead to several inferences: (1) Diamond crystals experienced natural oxidation and surface graphitization during the pressure decrease after the impact event, while the molten target rocks remained at high temperatures. (2) Natural etching of diamonds in silicate melts is possible in a large range of oxidation states controlled by O2 diffusion. (3) Impact diamonds near the surface of molten target rocks oxidized at the highest rates, whereas those within the melt were shielded from the oxidizing agents and remained unchanged.

scholarly journals Iron mobility in slab-derived hydrous silicate melts at sub-arc conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Tiraboschi ◽  
Arno Rohrbach ◽  
Stephan Klemme ◽  
Jasper Berndt ◽  
Carmen Sanchez-Valle
Keyword(s):  
Silicate Melts ◽  
Hydrous Silicate ◽  
Iron Mobility

Experiments on the breakup of drop-impact crowns by Marangoni holes

2018 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 162-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman B. Aljedaani ◽  
Chunliang Wang ◽  
Aditya Jetly ◽  
S. T. Thoroddsen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Immiscible Liquid ◽  
Hole Formation ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Lower Surface Tension ◽  
The Impact

We investigate experimentally the breakup of the Edgerton crown due to Marangoni instability when a highly viscous drop impacts on a thin film of lower-viscosity liquid, which also has different surface tension than the drop liquid. The presence of this low-viscosity film modifies the boundary condition, giving effective slip to the drop along the solid substrate. This allows the high-viscosity drop to form a regular bowl-shaped crown, which rises vertically away from the solid and subsequently breaks up through the formation of a multitude of Marangoni holes. Previous experiments have proposed that the breakup of the crown results from a spray of fine droplets ejected from the thin low-viscosity film on the solid, e.g. Thoroddsen et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 557, 2006, pp. 63–72). These droplets can hit the inner side of the crown forming spots with lower surface tension, which drives a thinning patch leading to the hole formation. We test the validity of this assumption with close-up imaging to identify individual spray droplets, to show how they hit the crown and their lower surface tension drive the hole formation. The experiments indicate that every Marangoni-driven patch/hole is promoted by the impact of such a microdroplet. Surprisingly, in experiments with pools of higher surface tension, we also see hole formation. Here the Marangoni stress changes direction and the hole formation looks qualitatively different, with holes and ruptures forming in a repeatable fashion at the centre of each spray droplet impact. Impacts onto films of the same liquid, or onto an immiscible liquid, do not in general form holes. We furthermore characterize the effects of drop viscosity and substrate-film thickness on the overall evolution of the crown. We also measure the three characteristic velocities associated with the hole formation: i.e. the Marangoni-driven growth of the thinning patches, the rupture speed of the resulting thin films inside these patches and finally the growth rate of the fully formed holes in the crown wall.

The effect of ink formulation on colorimetric properties of inkjet printing considering the impact of substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darya Ewaznezhad Fard ◽  
Saeideh Gorji Kandi ◽  
Marziyeh Khatibzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Viscosity Modifier ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Polymeric Compounds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ink Formulation

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in the performance of ink formulations caused by the addition of compounds that improve the ink’s physical properties to achieve an optimum formulation for inkjet printing, because of the importance and simplicity of this method. Design/methodology/approach Ink samples were formulated using Acid Red 14 as ink colorant, different percentages of polymeric compounds including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone and Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) as viscosity modifier compounds and surfactant as the surface tension enhancer. Formulated samples were adjusted in terms of fluid physical properties e.g. viscosity, density and surface tension, and the effect of used compounds on the improvement of both physical and colorimetric properties such as viscosity, surface tension, colorimetric coordinates and lightfastness has been evaluated to achieve the optimum printing inks to be printed on three different substrates. Findings The experimental observations showed that CMC was the most compatible compound as the viscosity modifier as its viscosity value was in the printable range of 2–22 cP. Moreover, a flow-curve test was applied to the ink samples and their Newtonian behavior was approved. Based on the spectrophotometric test results of printed samples, the samples containing PVA provided acceptable lightfastness in comparison to other ink samples on every used substrate. Originality/value An optimum relation between colorimetric coordinates of the printed samples and ink formulation could be considered and achieved.

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