Cronobacter sakazakii in baby foods and baby food ingredients of dairy origin and microbiological profile of positive samples

The safety of baby foods is key to a child’s health, which, in turn, is one of the prioritized national goals. As they grow, children get exposed to numerous negative environmental impacts. Chemical contamination of baby foods can increase pediatric morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate possible correlations between baby food contamination and primary pediatric morbidity using data on 65 Russian regions collected in 2012–2017 by the Russian Federal Information Public Health Surveillance Foundation. The data were processed in Microsoft Word 2010 and Microsoft Excel 2010. Of 67,940 samples of baby foods analyzed for chemical contamination, priority pollutants (toxic element) were detected in 14.1%. The most contaminated were fruit and vegetable purees (47.1%), followed by milk formulas and cultured dairy products (19.9%). We also analyzed 32,914 indicators of pediatric morbidity. The Pearson correlation analysis detected reliable correlations between baby food contamination and the primary incidence of endocrine disorders in infants, as well as the primary incidence of obesity, diabetes mellitus and cancer in children aged 0 to 14 years.

Download Full-text

Technology for An Instant Almond Gruel

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/156482659201400203 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Z. Hosseini ◽

G. H. Kabir

Keyword(s):

Commercial Production ◽

Baby Food ◽

Baby Foods ◽

Local Product ◽

Digestive Disturbance

This paper describes methods for processing an instant baby food made from rice and almonds. Commercial production of ready-to-serve baby foods in Iran is limited, and imported baby foods are expensive. Since home preparation is time-consuming and often neglected, a ready-to-serve local product is desirable. The resultant product was acceptable and caused no digestive disturbance when fed to children for three months.

Download Full-text

Thermal resistance ofCronobacter sakazakiiisolated from baby food ingredients of dairy origin in liquid medium

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation ◽

10.1111/jfpp.13463 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. e13463 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gozde Dalkilic‐Kaya ◽

Dilek Heperkan ◽

Vijay K. Juneja ◽

Hasan A. Heperkan

Keyword(s):

Thermal Resistance ◽

Liquid Medium ◽

Baby Food ◽

Food Ingredients

Download Full-text

THE COPPER CONTENT OF INFANT FOODS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.25.3.477 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 477-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gertrude Hughes ◽

Vincent J. Kelly ◽

Robert A. Stewart

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Copper Content ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

High Protein ◽

Baby Food ◽

Published Data ◽

Beef Liver ◽

Infant Foods ◽

Baby Foods ◽

Food Items

A method of measuring the copper content of processed baby foods is described. More than 2,600 randomly selected samples of 86 baby food items packed at four widely separated areas were assayed for copper content. Strained beef liver and the cereals, particularly high-protein cereal, showed the highest levels, followed by fruits and vegetables. In general, the values were found to be consistent with other published data. With very few exceptions the copper content did not differ significantly in products packed in widely separated areas. It is concluded that the copper intake provided by "average" diets containing processed baby foods meets or exceeds the estimated daily requirement of 0.05 mg/kg of body weight/day. The conditions under which an inadequate copper intake might obtain have been discussed.

Download Full-text

Bacteriological Quality of Infant Milk Foods

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-43.5.340 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 340-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. S. SINGH ◽

SUKHBIR SINGH ◽

V. K. BATISH ◽

B. RANGANATHAN

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Food Samples ◽

Baby Food ◽

Dnase Activity ◽

Weaning Food ◽

Baby Foods ◽

Weaning Foods ◽

Different Types

Ten samples of baby foods comprising seven brands of infant milk foods and three brands of milk-cereal weaning foods were examined for incidence of different types of microorganisms. One brand of infant milk food with 91 × 102 organisms also exhibited the maximum number of staphylococci and some of these were coagulase positive. Some staphylococcal isolates showed thermostable deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity and also produced enterotoxins A or B. One sample of weaning food showed high counts of Bacillus cereus. In one of the reconstituted baby food samples when held at ambient temp. (37.5 C), the Staphylococcus aureus and B. cereus counts increased 10-fold in 3 h.

Download Full-text

Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxins and Deoxynivalenol in Cereal-Based Baby Foods for Infants

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins11030150 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 150 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marta Herrera ◽

Noemi Bervis ◽

Juan José Carramiñana ◽

Teresa Juan ◽

Antonio Herrera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maximum Level ◽

Food Samples ◽

Baby Food ◽

Free Products ◽

Cereal Products ◽

Baby Foods ◽

Digestive Disorders ◽

Daily Intakes ◽

Infants And Young Children ◽

The Eu

Aflatoxins are carcinogenic to humans and deoxynivalenol causes digestive disorders, and both mycotoxins occur frequently in cereal-based foods. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence and levels of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in cereal-based baby foods as well as to calculate the estimated daily intakes (EDI) in different stages of infancy. Sixty samples of infant cereals (wheat-, corn-, rice-, oat-, and mixed grain-based) were collected during a 2-year period and analyzed by validated methods. Aflatoxins were detected in 12 samples (20%), six of which exceeded the EU maximum level for aflatoxin B1 set at 0.10 µg/kg. Deoxynivalenol appeared in 20% of baby food samples, with one sample exceeding the EU maximum level established at 200 µg/kg. There were no significant differences between gluten-free products for babies aged 4–6 months and multi-cereal products for infants aged 7–12 months, nor between whole-grain-based and refined ingredients. However, baby food products of organic origin showed significantly higher levels of deoxynivalenol than conventional ones (p < 0.05). It is proposed for the health protection of infants and young children, a vulnerable group, to establish the lowest maximum level for the sum of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) in baby food.

Download Full-text

Potassium as an Index of Fruit Content in Baby Food Products. Part I. Banana-Containing and Apricot-Containing Products

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/74.6.929 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 74 (6) ◽

pp. 929-932

Author(s):

Robert A Harvey ◽

Richard C Theuer

Keyword(s):

Food Products ◽

Baby Food ◽

Potassium Content ◽

Baby Foods ◽

Unknown Composition

Abstract Percentage ingredient labeling has been proposed for baby foods. We determined whether or not the potassium content of baby foods could be used to verify the quantity of fruit when the characterizing ingredients were apricots or bananas, fruits rich in potassium. Official values for potassium in fruit (USDA Handbook No. 8-9) did not agree well with actual analyses. The potassium levels of products of known composition were accurately predicted from analyses of the actual ingredients used to make the foods. For banana-containing monofruit products of variable or unknown composition, potassium analysis led to fruit level estimates consistent with either the known composition or the label declaration. For products of unknown composition made with apricot concentrate, however, potassium analysis led to fruit level estimates lower than the probable fruit content. The quantity of fruit in baby foods made with potassium-rich fruits can be estimated from the potassium content if the potassium value for the fruit is representative of the actual ingredients used to make the product, if potassium analysis is to be used to verify compliance with percentage ingredient labeling, there must be statutory specification of the singlestrength fruit level for fruit reconstituted from concentrate.

Download Full-text

Sodium Concentration of Homemade Baby Foods

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.62.3.331 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 331-335

Author(s):

Clark M. Kerr ◽

Keith S. Reisinger ◽

F. W. Plankey

Keyword(s):

Adult Life ◽

Sodium Concentration ◽

Baby Food ◽

Infant Food ◽

National Academy Of Sciences ◽

Baby Foods ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

Commercial Baby Food ◽

Academy Of Sciences ◽

Added Salt

Ingestion of excess salt may be an important factor in the development of hypertension in individuals who are predisposed to this disease genetically or through environmental factors. Some physicians and consumer groups have encouraged mothers to prepare their own baby foods, in part because of their concern that the physiologically unnecessary salt that is added by some commercial baby food manufacturers may lead to hypertension in adult life. This study presents data on the sodium concentration in 70 samples of homemade baby foods prepared by 36 mothers. The mean estimated amount of added salt was 0.41%/ weight—64% higher than the maximum recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences. Home-prepared foods had a sodium concentration 1,005% higher than similar baby food products made by Heinz and Beech-Nut and 24% higher than products made by Gerber. The data suggest that advice to parents to prepare their own baby food or to feed their infant food from the table should be tempered with the knowledge that these foods may contain higher salt concentrations than the commercial baby foods.

Download Full-text

Survey of Total Tetrahydrophthalimide in Baby Foods Using Both Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry: A Comparative Study

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/76.6.1225 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 1225-1229 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jupiter M Yeung ◽

W Harvey Newsome

Keyword(s):

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Food Samples ◽

Baby Food ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Elisa Assay ◽

Elisa Method ◽

Baby Foods ◽

Fruit Samples ◽

Chromatographic Mass

Abstract An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was compared with a gas chromatographic/ mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method for determining the concentration (in parts per million) of the combination of captan and its degradation product tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI) in 13 fruit samples and in a survey of baby foods. Ninety baby foods (49 fruits, 28 juices, and 13 vegetables) from 2 different suppliers were sampled. All captan in the samples was converted to THPI before each analysis. None of the samples contained a concentration of combined captan and THPI that violated the maximum residue limit of 5.0 ppm. Eight samples of baby food tested positive for THPI at levels ranging from 0.019-0.041 ppm by the GC/MS method, whereas 20 samples tested positive in the ELISA assay. All samples that tested positive with the GC/MS method also tested positive with the ELISA method. Thirteen percent of the baby food samples tested false positive with the ELISA method. The ELISA assay also gave higher values than the GC/MS method. The ELISA method can be effectively used as a primary screening tool to select samples testing positive for THPI. The concentration of THPI in these samples can then be verified using the GC/MS method.

Download Full-text