Oxidation of iodide to iodate by cultures of marine ammonia-oxidising bacteria

A pilot-scale primary maturation pond was spiked with 15N-labelled ammonia (15NH4Cl) and 15N-labelled nitrite (Na15NO2), in order to improve current understanding of the dynamics of inorganic nitrogen transformations and removal in WSP systems. Stable isotope analysis of δ15N showed that nitrification could be considered as an intermediate step in WSP, which is masked by simultaneous denitrification, under conditions of low algal activity. Molecular microbiology analysis showed that denitrification can be considered a feasible mechanism for permanent nitrogen removal in WSP, which may be supported either by ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) or by methanotrophs, in addition to nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB). However, the relative supremacy of the denitrification process over other nitrogen removal mechanisms (e.g., biological uptake) depends upon phytoplanktonic activity.

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Survival of ammonia oxidising bacteria in air-dried soil

FEMS Microbiology Letters ◽

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04506.x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 65-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

S.M. Allison ◽

J.I. Prosser

Keyword(s):

Ammonia Oxidising Bacteria

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Evaluation of hybrid processes for nitrification by comparing MBBR/AS and IFAS configurations

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2007.240 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (8-9) ◽

pp. 43-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

E. Germain ◽

L. Bancroft ◽

A. Dawson ◽

C. Hinrichs ◽

L. Fricker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Nitrite Accumulation ◽

Removal Rates ◽

Solids Retention ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Suspended Biomass ◽

The Media ◽

Population Counts ◽

Ammonia Oxidising Bacteria

An integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) pilot plant and a moving bed biofilm reactor coupled with an activated sludge process (MBBR/AS) were operated under different temperatures, carbon loadings and solids retention times (SRTs). These two types of hybrid systems were compared, focusing on the nitrification capacity and the nitrifiers population of the media and suspended biomass alongside other process performances such as carbonaceous and total nitrogen (TN) removal rates. At high temperatures and loadings rates, both processes were fully nitrifying and achieved similarly high carbonaceous removal rates. However, under these conditions, the IFAS configuration performed better in terms of TN removal. Lower temperatures and carbon loadings led to lower carbonaceous removal rates for the MBBR/AS configuration, whereas the IFAS configuration was not affected. However, the nitrification capacity of the IFAS process decreased significantly under these conditions and the MBBR/AS process was more robust in terms of nitrification. Ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidising bacteria (NOB) population counts accurately reflected the changes in nitrification capacity. However, significantly less NOBs than AOBs were observed, without noticeable nitrite accumulation, suggesting that the characterisation method used was not as sensitive for NOBs and/or that the NOBs had a higher activity than the AOBs.

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A comparitive study of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in lab-scale industrial wastewater treatment reactors

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2003.0149 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 17-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

A.K. Rowan ◽

G. Moser ◽

N. Gray ◽

J.R. Snape ◽

D. Fearnside ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Industrial Wastewater ◽

Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Direct Sequencing ◽

Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽

Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽

Phylogenetic Affiliation ◽

Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Nitrosococcus Mobilis ◽

Ammonia Oxidising Bacteria

The diversity and community structure of the b-proteobacterial ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) in a range of different lab-scale industrial wastewater treatment reactors were compared. Three of the reactors treat waste from mixed domestic and industrial sources whereas the other reactor treats waste solely of industrial origin. PCR with AOB selective primers was combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to allow comparative analysis of the dominant AOB populations and the phylogenetic affiliation of the dominant AOB was determined by cloning and sequencing or direct sequencing of bands excised from DGGE gels. Different AOB were found within and between different reactors. All AOB sequences identified were grouped within the genus Nitrosomonas. Within the lab-scale reactors there appeared to be selection for a low diversity of AOB and predominance of a single AOB population. Furthermore, the industrial input in both effluents apparently selected for salt tolerant AOB, most closely related to Nitrosococcus mobilis and Nitrosomonas halophila.

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Community analysis of ammonia-oxidising bacteria, in relation to oxygen availability in soils and root-oxygenated sediments, using PCR, DGGE and oligonucleotide probe hybridisation

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1111/j.1574-6941.1998.tb00550.x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 339-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 123

Author(s):

George A. Kowalchuk ◽

Paul L.E. Bodelier ◽

G.Hans J. Heilig ◽

John R. Stephen ◽

Hendrikus J. Laanbroek

Keyword(s):

Oligonucleotide Probe ◽

Community Analysis ◽

Oxygen Availability ◽

Ammonia Oxidising Bacteria

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Diversity of ammonia-oxidising bacteria and archaea in seven different estuarine sediments from Poyang Lake

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf15129 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (12) ◽

pp. 1897 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ping Sheng ◽

Yizun Yu ◽

Xiaojuan Tian ◽

Dongsheng Wang ◽

Zhihong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Poyang Lake ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Amoa Gene ◽

Estuarine Sediments ◽

Operational Taxonomic Units ◽

Uncultured Bacteria ◽

Culture Independent ◽

Ammonia Oxidising Archaea ◽

Ammonia Oxidising Bacteria

In the present study, we used a culture-independent method based on library construction and sequencing to analyse the genetic diversity of the ammonia monooxygenase genes (amoA) of ammonia-oxidising archaea and bacteria in seven different estuarine sediments of Poyang Lake. The total of 67 and 38 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (similarity <95%) of archaeal (AOA) and bacterial (AOB) amoA genes were retrieved respectively. AOA had higher diversity of amoA genes than did AOB. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AOA amoA sequences were closely related to amoA sequences from Crenarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota and some other uncultured archaea. Fragments from AOB were most associated with sequences from betaproteobacteria and some other uncultured bacteria. On the basis of Kendall’s correlation coefficient, there was a significant positive correlation between AOA amoA gene diversity and temperature, and the AOB diversity was positively correlated with total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentration, and negatively correlated with pH in the sediments, suggesting that AOA and AOB were probably sensitive to several environmental factors. Our work could enhance our understanding of the roles of ammonia-oxidising microorganisms in these seven estuarine sediments from Poyang Lake.

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Simultaneous autotrophic denitrification and nitrification in a low-oxygen reaction environment

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2014.292 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 729-735 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ganapathy Ramanathan ◽

Christopher M. Sales ◽

Wen K. Shieh

Keyword(s):

Residence Time ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Autotrophic Denitrification ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Total N ◽

N Removal ◽

Bioreactor System ◽

The Mean ◽

The Stability ◽

Ammonia Oxidising Bacteria

The occurrence of autotrophic denitrification and nitrification activities by ammonia-oxidising bacteria and nitrite-oxidising bacteria is studied in a bioreactor system operable at low-dissolved oxygen (DO) and at variable oxygen influx rates. At a loading of 3.6 mg NH4+–N/h into the bioreactor, simultaneous autotrophic denitrification and nitrification contributed to NH4+–N removal over oxygen influxes of 2–14 mg O2/h and DO <0.5 mg/L. The maximum autotrophic denitrification (or total-N removal) rates were achieved in a narrow oxygen influx band of 3–5 mg O2/h, where it accounted for up to 36% of NH4+–N removal. At oxygen influx >16 mg O2/h and DO >2 mg/L, autotrophic denitrification ceases and roughly 90% of feed NH4+–N is oxidised to NOX−–N. The stability of total effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) over the range of oxygen influxes tested confirms the absence of heterotrophic denitrification in the bioreactor. The long solids residence time of the stable biomass zone (21 days) led to production of effluent COD as a result of cell decay, and thus effluent COD was used to calculate more accurately the mean cell residence time.

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Melbourne water's wastewater treatment lagoons: design modifications to reduce odours and enhance nutrient removal

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0134 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 157-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Brian Hodgson ◽

Peter Paspaliaris

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Uv Light ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Algal Growth ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Anaerobic Reactor ◽

Untreated Wastewater ◽

Low Levels ◽

Odour Emissions ◽

Ammonia Oxidising Bacteria

Some properties of 3 “new style” wastewater treatment lagoons, 115E, 55E and 25W at the Melbourne Water, Western Treatment Plant (WTP) treating some 250 megalitres (ML) of untreated wastewater each day are described. There is a potential residence time for each of 120 days and each consists of a sequence of up to 11 ponds. Pond 1 has an anaerobic reactor of 90, 150, and 150 ML respectively and Warmens floating aerators are installed on ponds 1 and 2 of 115E and 25W and pond 1 of 55E. BOD5 values of less than 50 are achieved by the end of pond 2 and these together with the installation of the HDPE cover on 115E have effectively reduced odour emissions. Nitrogen is removed by ammonification followed by either nitrification/denitrification, or algal growth which is grazed by zooplankton. Since the introduction of the aerators, chemolithotrophic ammonia oxidising bacteria (CAOB) are more frequently exposed to the inhibitory action of UV light, and therefore nitrification is more sporadic. Turbidity of the water may play a significant role in protecting the CAOB from UV light. The lagoons have the potential to produce an effluent with inorganic-N levels of less than 2 mg/L, a BOD5 of less than 50 mg/L and low levels of algae. The covered anaerobic reactor can in each case produce up to 20,000 cubic metres of gas each day comprising of 80% methane. Methane will be used to generate electricity, and the zooplankton generated by feeding on algae will be harvested to provide food for fish fry.

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Ecological engineering of bioaugmentation from side-stream nitrification

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2008.628 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 57 (12) ◽

pp. 1927-1933 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. C. Smith ◽

P. E. Saikaly ◽

K. Zhang ◽

S. Thomatos ◽

D. B. Oerther

Keyword(s):

Ecological Engineering ◽

Full Scale ◽

Environmental Engineering ◽

Main Stream ◽

Molecular Fingerprinting ◽

Transformation Procedure ◽

Experimental Systems ◽

Side Stream ◽

Stream System ◽

Ammonia Oxidising Bacteria

Wastewater treatment relies on careful integration of environmental engineering with microbial ecology. This would seem to be particularly the case when attempting to enhance survivability of organisms introduced from outside the main-stream reactor, i.e. bioaugmentation. Molecular biology tools were utilised in this study to assist in understanding the mechanisms of successful bioaugmentation. Molecular fingerprinting showed that side-stream reactor configuration strongly influenced ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) community structure. In both lab-scale and full-scale systems, AOB communities in the side-stream and main-stream were very similar. The experimental systems revealed that a PFR side-stream produced greater diversity of AOB than a CSTR side-stream in a PFR main-stream system, whereas the full-scale side-stream resulted in essentially an AOB monoculture. Phylogenetic analysis revealed less diversity than molecular fingerprinting perhaps due to biases in the cloning/transformation procedure.

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Abundance and composition of ammonia-oxidising bacteria and archaea of a degraded lake wetland, Inner Mongolian Plateau, China

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr13160 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 554 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Linhui Wu ◽

Lihua Hui ◽

Xiaoyi Wang ◽

Jingyu Li ◽

Jingli Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Size ◽

Community Composition ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Amoa Gene ◽

Water Withdrawal ◽

Drying Process ◽

Pcr Cloning ◽

Copy Numbers ◽

Drying Up ◽

Ammonia Oxidising Bacteria

Wetlands are one of the most highly threatened ecosystems on Earth, and their loss and degradation are regarded as major environmental problems. The degradation rate of lake wetlands of the Huitengxile grassland, Inner Mongolia, has increased over recent years. In this study, soil samples were collected in a degraded lake wetland of the Huitengxile grassland. The abundance and composition of soil ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, cloning, and sequencing approaches. Four sampling sites were selected according to the order of water withdrawal. The lakeshore sample appeared to have the highest copy numbers of AOB amoA genes, and the lowest AOB population size was found in the lakebed sample. Similar to AOB, the AOA were most abundant in the lakeshore sample, and the population size in the lake centre sample was the lowest. Ex2cept in one lakebed sample, AOB were more abundant than AOA in all other samples, with AOB to AOA ratios ranging from 11 to 13. Phylogenetic analysis of the amoA gene fragments showed that all AOB sequences from different sites were affiliated to class β-Proteobacteria, order Nitrosomonadales, family Nitrosomonadaceae and can be grouped into two clusters. Little difference was found in AOB community composition among different samples, which indicated that AOB community composition was stable during the drying process of the degraded lake. However, the AOA community compositions were very different between samples. All AOA sequences fell into four clusters. Cluster 1 was dominant in the sample from the centre of the lake, and cluster 2 was dominant in the lakeshore sample, indicating a difference in the community composition of AOA in response to the drying up of the lake. No clear relationship was found between the AOA and AOB community populations and soil physio-chemical properties. This study suggested that the AOA community in wetland systems is more sensitive than the AOB community to the drying process of the wetland ecosystem.

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