Ecological engineering of bioaugmentation from side-stream nitrification

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1927-1933 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Smith ◽  
P. E. Saikaly ◽  
K. Zhang ◽  
S. Thomatos ◽  
D. B. Oerther
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Molecular Fingerprinting ◽  
Transformation Procedure ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Stream System ◽  
Ammonia Oxidising Bacteria

Wastewater treatment relies on careful integration of environmental engineering with microbial ecology. This would seem to be particularly the case when attempting to enhance survivability of organisms introduced from outside the main-stream reactor, i.e. bioaugmentation. Molecular biology tools were utilised in this study to assist in understanding the mechanisms of successful bioaugmentation. Molecular fingerprinting showed that side-stream reactor configuration strongly influenced ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) community structure. In both lab-scale and full-scale systems, AOB communities in the side-stream and main-stream were very similar. The experimental systems revealed that a PFR side-stream produced greater diversity of AOB than a CSTR side-stream in a PFR main-stream system, whereas the full-scale side-stream resulted in essentially an AOB monoculture. Phylogenetic analysis revealed less diversity than molecular fingerprinting perhaps due to biases in the cloning/transformation procedure.

Design, Operating Results and Experiences of Two Large-Scale Treatment Plants with Biological Nitrogen and Phosphate Elimination

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
C. F. Seyfried ◽  
P. Hartwig
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

This is a report on the design and operating results of two waste water treatment plants which make use of biological nitrogen and phosphate elimination. Both plants are characterized by load situations that are unfavourable for biological P elimination. The influent of the HILDESHEIM WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT contains nitrates and little BOD5. Use of the ISAH process ensures the optimum exploitation of the easily degradable substrate for the redissolution of phosphates. Over 70 % phosphate elimination and effluent concentrations of 1.3 mg PO4-P/I have been achieved. Due to severe seasonal fluctuations in loading the activated sludge plant of the HUSUM WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT has to be operated in the stabilization range (F/M ≤ 0.05 kg/(kg·d)) in order not to infringe the required effluent values of 3.9 mg NH4-N/l (2-h-average). The production of surplus sludge is at times too small to allow biological phosphate elimination to be effected in the main stream process. The CISAH (Combined ISAH) process is a combination of the fullstream with the side stream process. It is used in order to achieve the optimum exploitation of biological phosphate elimination by the precipitation of a stripped side stream with a high phosphate content when necessary.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Five Carbon Dioxide Analysers for use in the Operating Theatre and Intensive Care Unit

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Selby ◽  
A. H. Ilsley ◽  
W. B. Runciman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Operating Theatre ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Time Stability ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Stream Sampling ◽  
Available Carbon

Five commercially available carbon dioxide analysers were assessed with respect to accuracy, response time, stability, the effect of water vapour and the effect of rebreathing. Two side-stream sampling analysers (Datex Normocap and Engstrom Eliza) and one main-stream sampling analyser (Hewlett-Packard Capnoshot) were found to be satisfactory for use both in the operating theatre and intensive care unit. The Instrumentation Laboratory (IL) 200, a side-stream monitor, performed satisfactorily but neither it nor the Siemens Sirecust 404, a main-stream monitor, has the facility to compensate for the presence of nitrous oxide. The Siemens analyser, in the form tested, could not be recommended for clinical use, as it was less accurate than the other monitors, could not detect rebreathing, and was subject to fluctuations when used with gas mixtures saturated with water vapour.

scholarly journals The effects of a full-scale anaerobic side-stream reactor on sludge decay and biomass activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Velho ◽  
G. Andreottola ◽  
P. Foladori ◽  
R. H. R. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Sludge Reduction ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
Heterotrophic Biomass

Abstract A full-scale anaerobic side-stream reactor (ASSR) for sludge reduction was monitored in terms of sludge production and compared with the previous conventional activated sludge configuration (CAS). A detailed solid mass balance was calculated on the whole full-scale plant to estimate the sludge reduction associated with the ASSR. The activity of the biomass, which undergoes alternation of aerobic and anaerobic conditions, was investigated by the respirometric test. The ASSR promoted a reduction of heterotrophic biomass activity and the substrate consumption rate in the activated sludge implemented with ASSR (AS + ASSR) was 36% smaller than in the CAS period. The solid mass balance indicated a sludge reduction of 28%. During the 270-day operation, the observed sludge yield passed from 0.438 kgTSS/kgCOD in the CAS to 0.315 in the AS + ASSR configuration. The solubilization of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N and orthophosphate were verified under anaerobic conditions. The results suggest that the possible mechanisms of sludge reduction were the increase of the system sludge retention time (SRT) by ASSR addition, and the reduction in heterotrophic biomass activity added to the organic compounds' hydrolysis.

NORIT AirLift MBR: side-stream system for municipal waste water treatment

Desalination ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 204 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Futselaar ◽  
Henk Schonewille ◽  
Dick de Vente ◽  
Lute Broens
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Stream System

Promotion of nitrifiers through side-stream bioaugmentation: a full-scale study

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1736-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Stenström ◽  
J. la Cour Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Loads ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Different Temperatures

Bioaugmentation of nitrifiers from a side-stream treatment is an efficient method for boosting the mainstream process at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Although this technology has been known for several years, the number of full-scale applications for it is limited. For a WWTP approaching its critical nitrogen load capacity, the benefits are doubled if the introduced side-stream treatment for digester supernatant is combined with bioaugmentation. Not only is the nitrogen load to the mainstream process decreased by 10–25%, but the mainstream process is also boosted with nitrifiers, increasing the nitrifying capacity. In this full-scale study, the increment of the nitrification rate is examined in the mainstream process at different temperatures and at different flow rates of returned activated sludge to the side-stream treatment. Our results show that the nitrification rate in the mainstream process was increased by 41% during the coldest period of the study, implying that the examined WWTP could treat considerably higher nitrogen loads if bioaugmentation were permanently installed.

Operation for nitritation of sludge liquor in a full-scale SBR

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. I. Gustavsson ◽  
U. Nyberg ◽  
J. la Cour Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Anoxic Zone ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Do Concentration ◽  
Process Strategy

At Sjölunda WWTP, a full-scale SBR for treatment of mesophilic sludge digester liquor has been operated almost a year with stable nitrite accumulation. Only nitritation of the sludge liquor is needed since the oxidized ammonium is denitrified in the first anoxic zone of the high-loaded activated sludge in the main plant. The process strategy was to have an ammonium set-point to end the aeration, a low DO concentration and a low pH set-point. An increase of pH set-point from 6.8 to 7.2 increased loss of alkalinity in the effluent and increased sodium hydroxide dosing. An increase of DO set-point from 1.1 mg O2 L−1 to 1.3 mg O2 L−1 markedly increased ammonia reduction rates and only slightly increased nitrate production. Today, an introduction of denitritation in the SBR will be a more cost-effective treatment of sludge liquor at Sjölunda WWTP. However, the choice of operation with only nitritation or nitritation/denitritation in sludge liquor treatment should always include a consideration of chemical costs and treatment capacity of both main plant and side-stream plant.

A Pilot Study on Enhancing Nitrification by Bioaugmentation

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 569-574
Author(s):  
Qiong Wan ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Dang Cong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
N Removal

Enhancing nitrification from municipal wastewater by bioaugmentation was investigated in a pilot plant operated in A2/O process. Reject water was used to cultivate nitrifier in O/A process (side stream), and the exceed sludge in side stream was used to bioaugmentation. The experimental results showed that bioaugmentation was very effective for enhancing nitrification. After nitrifier bioaugmentation, the NH4+-N removal rate was improved more than 30% in main stream. And AUR and NUR of the activated sludge increased from 2.61 mgNH4+-N /(gMLSS•h) and 2.38 mgNO2--N/(gMLSS•h) to 5.32 mgNH4+-N /(gMLSS•h) and 3.81 mgNO2--N/(gMLSS•h), which was as 2.04 times and 1.60 times as those of before bioaugmentation in main stream respectively.

scholarly journals The Poverty in Indonesia: Concept, Approach, and the Reduction Strategies

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Musiyam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
High Position ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Direct Attack ◽  
Trickle Down

Apparently, the policy of raise poverly in Indonesia start to change. In PJPT I, the strategy to raise the poverly acupied the position “Side stream of development” only. That is, the effort to raise the poverly only applied the components of macro economic policy to maintain the growth of the economy in high position. In PJPT II this effort occupy the position “main stream of development”. That is, not only does the effort depend on “trickle down effect’, but also through direct attack that concern to destitude people. The poverly phenomenon is complex problem and multidimensional, that’s not merely concern with welfare aspect (materially). Therefore, in order to the raising of poverly run effectively, we have to look the dimension of poverly as a whole. Complexity of poverly problems vary from place to place. Therefore, it is needed an accurate strategy and it must consider the characteristic of poverly and the potency that suitable to be developed. 

scholarly journals The impact of sludge return liquors on South African wastewater treatment plants

Water SA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1 January) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Nsengiyumva ◽  
Yuva Coothen ◽  
David Ikumi ◽  
Kirshen Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Steady State ◽  
South African ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Struvite Precipitation ◽  
The Impact

There have been three considerable shifts, in the past 20 years, in the conventional design and modelling of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs): (i) single unit process to plant-wide modelling, (ii) consideration of WWTPs as water and resource recovery facilities (WRRFs), and (iii) the need to simplify WWTP models to allow their intake by new stakeholders (i.e. plant operators, designers and decision-makers) who use these models for evaluation of WWTP optimisation strategies. The latter shift has prompted the debate about model complexity versus the required modelling purpose among modellers. In addition to the aforementioned shifts, there has been limited research on the impact of sludge recycling dewatering liquor on the overall plant performance, especially in the context of South African WWTPs. A simplified full-scale steady-state WWTP simulation tool was developed, based on principles of sound mass-balance stoichiometry and rate-limiting kinetics. This tool enables the user to analyse the impact of recycling the DWL on the plant performance through different scenarios. The strategic scenarios evaluated included the implementation of two side-stream treatment processes (STPs), namely BABE and struvite precipitation. The evaluation of various strategies was done using the benchmark simulation model (BSM) task group plant performance indices (i.e. effluent quality and operational cost indices, EQI and OCI, respectively) incorporated into the simplified steady-state full-scale models. The integration of STP in the WWTP layout results in better EQI and OCI. The composition of the DWL affects the choice of the STP to be used, i.e., for DWL from an AD treating WAS that is not P-rich the recommended side-stream treatment operation would be the BABE process rather than struvite precipitation.

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