Social representations of sharks, perceived communality, and attitudinal and behavioral tendencies towards their conservation: An exploratory sequential mixed approach

Marine Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 104660
Author(s):  
João Neves ◽  
Jean-Christophe Giger ◽  
Nuno Piçarra ◽  
Vasco Alves ◽  
Joana Almeida
10.3823/2336 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tito Lívio Ribeiro ◽  
Marcia Aparecida Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Álissan Karine Lima Martins ◽  
Alba Benemérita Alves Vilela ◽  
Ismar Eduardo Martins Filho ◽  
...  

Introduction: the advancement of alcoholism on the population has already been characterized as a serious public health problem, requiring the development of actions and strategies to reduce the vulnerability of these individuals. Objective: To know the social representations from the inducer term "health education for alcoholics", and also to identify sociodemographic and defining characteristics about alcohol consumption. Method: this is a mixed approach of research, a type of transversal, census and exploratory, which included 121 students. We used the use of technique of free evocation of words to inducing term "Health education for alcoholics", and a questionnaire that identifies the aspects related to alcohol consumption and social issues involved. Results: 56.2% of people have consumed alcohol, and 37.2% live with people that consume alcohol daily, and when asked about the knowledge of the parents towards the consumption of alcohol 46.3% respond positively, and 62.8% dialogue before the consummation, they were identified as core words: help, support groups, lectures or family. Conclusion: Health education as practice should be represented by care networks in mental health of the Unified Health System - SUS, which are responsible for activities that provide reeducation to alcoholics, involving the family in the context.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (32) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Sonia

La gestion des excréments humains révèle des pratiques à risque pour l’environnement en général et pour la santé des populations en particulier. D’où l’intérêt de cette étude dans les quartiers défavorisés où les difficultés en assainissement sont plus accentuées. La présente recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une approche mixte. Pour ce faire, les méthodes et les techniques correspondant à l’approche qualitative et quantitative ont été utilisées pour collecter les données. Il s’agit, de la grille d’observation, du guide d’entretien et du questionnaire. L’objectif est d’analyser les représentations sociales des excréments humains dans les quartiers défavorisés du District d’Abidjan précisément à bougounisso, sagbé antenne, gbebouto, grand campement, tofiato et zimbabwé. La théorie des représentations sociales développée par Bourdieu a été mobilisée à cet effet. Elle a permis de mettre en exergue les représentations sociales des excréments humains chez les populations des quartiers défavorisés. Les résultats ont montré que la gestion des excréments humains est animée par un ensemble d’idéologie qui se résume en des croyances, des tabous et des sanctions. Il ressort que les différentes définitions des excréments humains se rapportent à la saleté, à l’impureté, aux déchets. Ils sont associés à tout ce qui est synonyme de mal, maladie, malédiction, malheur. Les croyances en rapport avec la gestion des excréments humains sont observées sur le plan religieux et culturel. Ce sont des dispositions relatives au choix du lieu de défécation et des règles d’hygiènes que le croyant doit observer. Les tabous concernent les lieux publics où il est défendu de déféquer. The management of human excreta reveals risky practices for the environment in general and for the health of populations in particular. Hence the interest of this study in disadvantaged neighborhoods where sanitation difficulties are more accentuated. This research subscribe to a mixed approach. To be done, the methods and techniques corresponding to the qualitative and quantitative approach were used to collect the data. These are observation grid, the interview guide and the questionnaire. The objective is to analyse the social representations of human excreta in disadvantaged neighborhoods of the District of Abidjan specifically in bougounisso, sagbé antenne, gbebouto, grand campement, tofiato and zimbabwé. The theory of social representations developed by Bourdieu was used for this purpose. It has made it possible to highlight the social representations of human excreta among populations in disadvantaged neighborhoods. The results showed that in traditional societies the management of human faeces is driven by a set of ideologies that boil down to beliefs, taboos and sanctions developed around human faeces and the act of defecation. It appears that the different definition of human excreta relate to dirt, impurity and waste. They are associated with everything that is synonymous with evil; disease, curse, misfortune. Beliefs related to the management of human excreta are observed on a religious and cultural level. These provisions relating of the choice of the place of defecation and the rules of hygiene that the believer must observe. The taboos refers to public places where defecation is forbidden.


2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Tafani ◽  
Lionel Souchet

This research uses the counter-attitudinal essay paradigm ( Janis & King, 1954 ) to test the effects of social actions on social representations. Thus, students wrote either a pro- or a counter-attitudinal essay on Higher Education. Three forms of counter-attitudinal essays were manipulated countering respectively a) students’ attitudes towards higher education; b) peripheral beliefs or c) central beliefs associated with this representation object. After writing the essay, students expressed their attitudes towards higher education and evaluated different beliefs associated with it. The structural status of these beliefs was also assessed by a “calling into question” test ( Flament, 1994a ). Results show that behavior challenging either an attitude or peripheral beliefs induces a rationalization process, giving rise to minor modifications of the representational field. These modifications are only on the social evaluative dimension of the social representation. On the other hand, when the behavior challenges central beliefs, the same rationalization process induces a cognitive restructuring of the representational field, i.e., a structural change in the representation. These results and their implications for the experimental study of representational dynamics are discussed with regard to the two-dimensional model of social representations ( Moliner, 1994 ) and rationalization theory ( Beauvois & Joule, 1996 ).


2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Clémence ◽  
Thierry Devos ◽  
Willem Doise

Social representations of human rights violations were investigated in a questionnaire study conducted in five countries (Costa Rica, France, Italy, Romania, and Switzerland) (N = 1239 young people). We were able to show that respondents organize their understanding of human rights violations in similar ways across nations. At the same time, systematic variations characterized opinions about human rights violations, and the structure of these variations was similar across national contexts. Differences in definitions of human rights violations were identified by a cluster analysis. A broader definition was related to critical attitudes toward governmental and institutional abuses of power, whereas a more restricted definition was rooted in a fatalistic conception of social reality, approval of social regulations, and greater tolerance for institutional infringements of privacy. An atypical definition was anchored either in a strong rejection of social regulations or in a strong condemnation of immoral individual actions linked with a high tolerance for governmental interference. These findings support the idea that contrasting definitions of human rights coexist and that these definitions are underpinned by a set of beliefs regarding the relationships between individuals and institutions.


1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Flament

This paper is concerned by a possible articulation between the diversity of individual opinions and the existence of consensus in social representations. It postulates the existence of consensual normative boundaries framing the individual opinions. A study by questionnaire about the social representations of the development of intelligence gives support to this notion.


2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bonetto ◽  
Fabien Girandola ◽  
Grégory Lo Monaco

Abstract. This contribution consists of a critical review of the literature about the articulation of two traditionally separated theoretical fields: social representations and commitment. Besides consulting various works and communications, a bibliographic search was carried out (between February and December, 2016) on various databases using the keywords “commitment” and “social representation,” in the singular and in the plural, in French and in English. Articles published in English or in French, that explicitly made reference to both terms, were included. The relations between commitment and social representations are approached according to two approaches or complementary lines. The first line follows the role of commitment in the representational dynamics: how can commitment transform the representations? This articulation gathers most of the work on the topic. The second line envisages the social representations as determinants of commitment procedures: how can these representations influence the effects of commitment procedures? This literature review will identify unexploited tracks, as well as research perspectives for both areas of research.


2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Sevillano ◽  
Susan T. Fiske

Abstract. Nonhuman animals are typically excluded from the scope of social psychology. This article presents animals as social objects – targets of human social responses – overviewing the similarities and differences with human targets. The focus here is on perceiving animal species as social groups. Reflecting the two fundamental dimensions of humans’ social cognition – perceived warmth (benign or ill intent) and competence (high or low ability), proposed within the Stereotype Content Model ( Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002 ) – animal stereotypes are identified, together with associated prejudices and behavioral tendencies. In line with human intergroup threats, both realistic and symbolic threats associated with animals are reviewed. As a whole, animals appear to be social perception targets within the human sphere of influence and a valid topic for research.


1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-140
Author(s):  
Heinz Schuler

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
William D. Crano

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