In situ generated silica in natural rubber latex via the sol–gel technique and properties of the silica rubber composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 144 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 122-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirilux Poompradub ◽  
Mantana Thirakulrati ◽  
Pattarapan Prasassarakich
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Gel Technique

Enhancing Dispersion of Silica Nanoparticles with Ammonium Laurate Surfactant for Natural Rubber Latex Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Wichudaporn Seangyen ◽  
Paweena Prapainainar ◽  
Pongdhorn Sae-Oui ◽  
Surapich Loykulnant ◽  
Peerapan Dittanet
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Beam Radiation

In-situ silica nanoparticles with ammonium laurate surfactant in natural rubber latex composites were characterized to describe the reinforcement mechanism in enhanced mechanical properties. In-situ sol-gel method was introduced to generate silica nanoparticles in natural rubber latex using a mole ratio of water-to-TEOS of 28.9 stirring at room temperature for 24 hours. The addition and effect of adding ammonium laurate surfactant for enhancing dispersion and compatibility between silica nanoparticles and rubber matrix was also studied. The natural rubber latex was then vulcanized by electron beam radiation at 200 kGy. The silica content in rubber composites made in-situ, was analyzed by TGA, showed an increase from 3.08 phr to 8.92 phr, corresponding to addition of TEOS amounts of 10 phr to 30 phr, respectively. The dispersion of silica nanoparticles in rubber matrix with ammonium laurate surfactant was improved and exhibited less aggregation than rubber composites absent of ammonium laurate surfactant as evidenced by SEM-EDX. The increase of silica content in rubber composites exhibited lower swelling ratio and higher crosslink density when compared with neat natural rubber. Also, the modulus at 100% and 300% strain also increased with increasing silica nanoparticles incorporation in contrast to tensile strength.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Low-Molecular-Weight Natural Rubber Latex via Photodegradation Catalyzed by Nano TiO2

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhawati Ibrahim ◽  
Nadras Othman ◽  
Srimala Sreekantan ◽  
Kim Tan ◽  
Zairossani Mohd Nor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Liquid Natural Rubber ◽  
New Applications

Natural rubber is one of the most important renewable biopolymers used in many applications due to its special properties that cannot be easily mimicked by synthetic polymers. To sustain the existence of natural rubber in industries, modifications have been made to its chemical structure from time to time in order to obtain new properties and to enable it to be employed in new applications. The chemical structure of natural rubber can be modified by exposure to ultraviolet light to reduce its molecular weight. Under controlled conditions, the natural rubber chains will be broken by photodegradation to yield low-molecular-weight natural rubber. The aim of this work was to obtain what is known as liquid natural rubber via photodegradation, with titanium dioxide nanocrystals as the catalyst. Titanium dioxide, which was firstly synthesized using the sol–gel method, was confirmed to be in the form of an anatase, with a size of about 10 nm. In this work, the photodegradation was carried out in latex state and yielded low-molecular-weight natural rubber latex of less than 10,000 g/mol. The presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups on the liquid natural rubber (LNR) chains was observed, resulting from the breaking of the chains. Scanning electron microscopy of the NR latex particles showed that titanium dioxide nanocrystals were embedded on the latex surface, but then detached during the degradation reaction.

scholarly journals Peroxide Cross-linked Soft CompositePrepared from Natural Rubber Latex and Silica Generated in situ

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Atitaya Tohsan ◽  
Pranee Phinyocheep ◽  
Hiroshi Urakawa ◽  
Yuko Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Rubber Latex

Epoxidized Natural Rubber / Silica Nanoscale Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Composites Prepared by Sol-Gel Technique

2004 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Mousumi De Sarkar ◽  
Anil K. Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Inorganic Hybrid ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Rubber Phase

Abstract Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) / silica organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposites were prepared by using a sol-gel technique. Tetraethoxysilane was used as the precursor for the in-situ generation of silica. The choice of ENR as a matrix was made because of its polar nature which can interact with the in-situ generated silica. The sol-gel reaction was carried out at room temperature by dissolving the rubber in tetrahydrofuran solvent using hydrochloric acid as the catalyst. The resultant composite films appeared transparent up to 50 wt% of tetraethoxysilane loading. Dispersion of the discrete silica particles having dimensions of 15 – 100 nm was observed through transmission electron microscope. Scanning electron microscopic studies did not produce any evidence for formation of silica network within the bulk of the composite. Infrared spectroscopic studies indicated the occurrence of chemical interaction within the rubber /silica organic-inorganic interfaces which was further supported by the insolubility of the respective samples in tetrahydrofuran under the ambient conditions. Mechanical reinforcement within the hybrid nanocomposites, both at high and low temperature regions, was demonstrated through dynamic mechanical analysis. The composites exhibited superior tensile strength and tensile moduli compared to the gum rubber samples. Further reinforcement was noticed when the rubber phase in the nanocomposites was cured with either benzoyl peroxide or dicumyl peroxide. The dicumyl peroxide cured hybrid composites displayed 112% improvement in tensile strength over the control crosslinked rubber sample, probably due to synergisms of nanosilica reinforcement and crosslinking of the rubber phase in the hybrids.

A Comparative Study of Styrene Polymerization in Deproteinized and Undeproteinized Natural Rubber Latex

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen V. Tho ◽  
Mohd Omar Abd Kadir ◽  
Azanam S. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Styrene Polymerization ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Deproteinized Natural Rubber

Abstract An investigation on in situ polymerization of styrene in deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) latex and high ammonia natural rubber (HANR) latex was carried out. The ratio of styrene to dry rubber was fixed at 25 : 75 by weight. It was observed that, at reaction temperature of 60 °C and reaction time of 10 hours, the styrene-DPNR system could attain a high conversion of 97% without adding surfactant. The degree of chemical bonding estimated for the resultant polystyrene-DPNR dried material was about 80%. The styrene-HANR system, however, required the addition of surfactant to complete the reaction time; but the conversion was found to be relatively low, in the region of 66%. This low conversion could be attributed to the role played by the protein/lipid layer, which is virtually absent in the styrene-DPNR system.

scholarly journals In situ synthesis of natural rubber latex-supported gold nanoparticles for flexible SERS substrates

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (61) ◽  
pp. 49168-49174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Tao ◽  
Dongning He ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
Lingxue Kong ◽  
Yongyue Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
In Situ Synthesis ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Sers Substrates ◽  
Supported Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Supported Gold ◽  
Hybrid Latex

Natural rubber latex (NRL) from Hevea brasiliensis was used as a matrix to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), leading to an organic–inorganic hybrid latex of NRL-supported AuNPs (AuNPs@NRL).

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