scholarly journals Phytochemical constituents and assessment of crude extracts from Boerhavia diffusa L. and Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir.) Kunth ex DC. leaves for antioxidant and antibacterial activities

2021 ◽  
pp. 100018
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Adeku ◽  
Oluwatooyin F. Osundahunsi ◽  
Sunday A. Malomo ◽  
Idowu I. Asasile ◽  
Olajumoke M. Owolabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Lonchocarpus Sericeus ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Boerhavia Diffusa

Antibacterial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Crude Extracts from Kenyan Macaranga Species Towards MDR Phenotypes Expressing Efflux Pumps

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hashim ◽  
Leonidah Kerubo Omosa ◽  
Vaderament-Alexe Nchiozem-Ngnitedem ◽  
John Mmari Onyari ◽  
Shital Mahindra Maru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Extracts

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTINOMYCETES FROM SOIL OF AD-DAWADMI, SAUDI ARABIA AND SCREENING THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gouse Basha Sheik ◽  
Muazzam Sheriff Maqbul ◽  
Gokul Shankar S. ◽  
Ranjith M S
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Objective: To isolate and characterize novel actinomycetes and to evaluate their antibacterial activity against drug-resistant pathogenic bacteriaMethods: In the present study, 19 soil samples were collected from different localities of Ad-Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia. Actinomycetes were isolated from these samples using serial dilution and plating method on Actinomycetes isolation agar supplemented with nalidixic acid and actidione to inhibit bacteria and fungi. Crude extracts of potential actinomycetes were produced by submerged fermentation. The antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of actinomycetes was tested against different bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. Characterization of the isolates was done by morphological, physiological and biochemical methods.Results: A total of 9 (47%) isolates of actinomycetes were isolated from 19 different soil samples tested. Among them, 4 (44%) isolates confirmed as Streptomyces sp. showed potential antimicrobial activity against one or more test organisms. Crude extracts were made from these 4 actinomycetes isolates(DOM1, DOM3, DP3, DP4)and tested for their antibacterial activities against 4 different clinical bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus). Crude extract from DP3 isolate showed highest antibacterial activity against all the four test organisms (28 mm, 21 mm, 20 mm and 18 mm) respectively and DP4 showed lowest antibacterial activity against all the four test organisms (14 mm, 12 mm, 0 mm, 6 mm) respectively. The highest zone of inhibition was shown by DP3 against Staphylococcus aureus (28 mm) and Escherichia coli was resistant for DP4. Most of the Inhibition zones produced by crude extracts showed significant differences when compared with control, tested against test organisms (P<0.05). Inhibition zones produced by DP3 and DOM1 against Staphylococcus aureus were 28 mm and 23 mm, respectively which were strong active when compared with control Ciprofloxacin (18 mm).Conclusion: Further studies for purification of bioactive metabolites and molecular characterization analysis of isolated Streptomyces sp. are in progress which would be helpful in discovering novel compounds of commercial value.

scholarly journals In-vitro Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Selected Plant Extracts against Some Medically and Agriculturally Important Pathogens

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-189
Author(s):  
Yirgashewa Asfere ◽  
Ameha Kebede ◽  
Dejene Zinabu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Ruta Chalepensis ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Scientific Justification

In Ethiopia, many plants are used for medicinal drive-by old-style naturopaths without any scientific justification for their therapeutic values. The principal aim of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the leaf, root and stem bark extracts of Rhamnus prinioides (gesho), Justicia schimperiana (sensel) and Ruta chalepensis (Tena adam) against some common pathogenic species of bacteria and fungi. The results of this study shown that the crude extracts of ethanol, methanol, hexane and water crude extracts had antimicrobial activities on most bacterial and fungi species of some solvent extracts. Ethanol and methanol crude extracts had the highest growth inhibitory effects as compared with those of the aqueous and hexane crude extracts. But, the four solvent crude extracts had fewer antimicrobial activities than commercially available drug(chloramphenicol and clotrimazole). Campylobacter jejuni and Staphylococcus aureus were found to be the most vulnerable microbes to the crude ethanol (99.5%). The growth-inhibitory events of the crude extracts were found to be significantly dissimilar for both concentrations (30 and 60 mg/ml) in all plant parts (p < 0.05). In general, this study did not only indicate that the antibacterial activities of R. prinioides (gesho), J. schimperiana (sensel) and R. chalepensis (Tena adam). It also accesses a scientific justification for its old-style use against some diseases.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, antibacterial activity and related mechanism of valonia and shell from Quercus variabilis Blume (Fagaceae) against Salmonella paratyphi a and Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zhou ◽  
Ze-Hua Liu ◽  
Dong-Mei Wang ◽  
Deng-Wu Li ◽  
Li-Na Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial Mechanism ◽  
Natural Antimicrobials ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Quercus Variabilis ◽  
Crude Extracts

Abstract Background Plant secondary metabolites and phytochemicals that exhibit strong bioactivities have potential to be developed as safe and efficient natural antimicrobials against food contamination and addressing antimicrobial resistance caused by the overuse of chemical synthetic preservative. In this study, the chemical composition, antibacterial activities and related mechanism of the extracts of the valonia and the shell of Quercus variabilis Blume were studied to determine its potential as a safe and efficient natural antimicrobial. Methods The phenolic compositions of valonia and shell extracts were determined by folin-ciocalteau colourimetric method, sodium borohydride/chloranil-based assay and the aluminium chloride method and then further identified by the reverse-phase HPLC analysis. The antibacterial activities of valonia and shell extracts were evaluated by the agar disk diffusion method and agar dilution method. The related antibacterial mechanism was explored successively by the membrane of pathogens effect, phosphorous metabolism, whole-cell proteins and the microbial morphology under scanning electron microscopy. Results The n-butanol fraction and water fraction of valonia along with n-butanol fraction of the shell contains enrich phenolics including ellagic acid, theophylline, caffeic acid and tannin acid. The n-butanol fraction and ethanol crude extracts of valonia exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Salmonella paratyphi A (S. paratyphi A) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with the DIZ values ranged from 10.89 ± 0.12 to 15.92 ± 0.44, which were greater than that of the Punica granatum (DIZ: 10.22 ± 0.18 and 10.30 ± 0.21). The MIC values of the n-butanol fraction and ethanol crude extracts of valonia against S. paratyphi A and S. aureus were 1.25 mg/ml and 0.625 mg/ml. The related antibacterial mechanism of n-butanol fraction and ethanol crude extracts of valonia may be attributed to their strong impact on membrane permeability and cellular metabolism. Those extracts exhibited strong antibacterial activity according to inhibit the synthesis of bacterial proteins and seriously change morphological structure of bacterial cells. Conclusions The n-butanol fraction and ethanol crude extracts of valonia had reasonably good antibacterial activities against S. paratyphi A and S. aureus. This study suggests possible application of valonia and shell as natural antimicrobials or preservatives for food and medical application.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Larvicidal Activities of Some Ethnobotanicals from North Eastern Nigeria against Culicine (Dipera: Culicidae) Mosquito

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
R. S. Naphtali ◽  
J. S. Ngwamah
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Stem Leave ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Larvicidal Activities ◽  
Better Than

This study was aimed to investigate the insecticidal activities of some selected ethnobotanicals against culicine mosquitoes. Various part of plant material collected were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus Methanol and Petroleum ether were used as solvents. Quantitative phytochemical Analysis for the crude extracts was carried out for the presence of azadrachtin, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycoside, steroids phenol and flavonoids. The larvicidal potentials of the various crude extracts were then tested against culicine mosquitoes. More yields of phytochemical constituents (80.78 mg) were found in total of 900 g used for methanol extracts as compared to 57.64 mg found in 900 g used in petroleum ether extracts. All the extracts of methanol and petroleum ether of the different plant used showed larvicidal potentials against culicine 3rd instar larvae. The LC50 of the methanol extracts (37.32, 38.52, 42.05, 45.91, 68.78, 126.56, and 141.73 ppm) of E. globulus, O. kilimanscharicum, H. suaveolens, Neem seeds, neem stem leave and orange peels respectively, are far better than their counterparts of petroleum ether extracts with LC50 (100.25, 115.53, 145.88, 68.44, 114.55, 46.79, and 175.07 ppm). The larvicidal effect of individual isolates of alkaloids, tannin, saponins, azadirachtin, phenol and steroids demonstrated larvicidal potentials against 3rd instar larvae of culicine, where, terpenoids, flavonoids and glycoside showed no larvicidal potentials against culicine larvae. The larvicidal potential of each plant depend on the number of active ingredients and quantity available in each extract. In conclusion, the present plant extracts have potentials for development of new and safe control products for culicine mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extracts Obtained From Cultivation of Native Endophytic Fungi Belonging to a Tropical Montane Rainforest in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Charria-Girón ◽  
María C. Espinosa ◽  
Andrea Zapata-Montoya ◽  
María J. Méndez ◽  
Juan P. Caicedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolite

Bioactive secondary metabolite production from endophytic fungi has gained a recurring research focus in recent decades as these microorganisms represent an unexplored biological niche for their diverse biotechnological potential. Despite this focus, studies involving tropical endophytes remain scarce, particularly those isolated from medicinal plants of these ecosystems. In addition, the state of the art of the pharmaceutical industry has experienced stagnation in the past 30years, which has pushed pathogenic infections to get one step ahead, resulting in the development of resistance to existing treatments. Here, five fungal endophytes were isolated from the medicinal plant Otoba gracilipes (Myristicaceae), which corresponded to the genera Xylaria and Diaporthe, and screened to demonstrate the promissory potential of these microorganisms for producing bioactive secondary metabolites with broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. Thus, the evaluation of crude organic extracts obtained from the mycelia and exhaust medium allowed the elucidation of Xylaria sp. and Diaporthe endophytica potential toward providing crude extracellular extracts with promising bioactivities against reference strains of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), according to the determined half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) with values down to 3.91 and 10.50mg/ml against each pathogen, respectively. Follow-up studies provided insights into the polarity nature of bioactive compounds in the crude extracts through bioactivity guided fractionation using a polymeric resin absorbent alternative extraction procedure. In addition, evaluation of the co-culturing methods demonstrated how this strategy can enhance endophytes biosynthetic capacity and improve their antibacterial potential with a 10-fold decrease in the IC50 values against both pathogens compared to the obtained values in the preliminary evaluations of Xylaria sp. and D. endophytica crude extracts. These results support the potential of Colombian native biodiversity to provide new approaches concerning the global emergence of antibiotics resistance and future production of undiscovered compounds different from the currently used antibiotics classes and simultaneously call for the value of preserving native habitats due to their promising ecosystemic applications in the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activities and phytochemical screening of crude extract of Carica papaya leaf against selected pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
A.E. Ajiboye ◽  
R.A. Olawoyin
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Test Organisms

Carica papaya commonly known as paw paw belongs to the family of Curcubitaceae and commonly grown in tropical regions. It possesses  antimicrobial, antihelmintic and antioxidant properties. The study assessed the antibacterial potency of Carica papaya against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Acetone and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Carica papaya were obtained using standard methods. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was done using agar well diffusion methods. The Minimum inhibitory and Minimum bactericidal concentrations were done using standard procedures. The antibacterial activities of the crude extracts of Carica papaya against the test organisms revealed that acetone extract showed maximum zone of inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 17.90±0.10mm at 500 mg/ml and the lowest inhibitory effect on Klebsiella pneumoniae with a zone of 6.50±0.50mm at 100 mg/ml, the aqueous extract showed maximum zone of  inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 15.50±0.50mm at 500 mg/ml and the lowest zone of inhibition was on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 6.50±0.50mm at 100 g/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of acetone and aqueous extract was 40 mg/ml and 50mg/ml against Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of the extracts ranges from 40-60mg/ml. The qualitative  phytochemical screening result revealed the presence of tannins, saponnin, alkaloids and steroid. The quantitative phytochemicals revealed 0.70%  of flavonoids, 0.48% of alkaloids, 1.02% of tannin, 0.11% of steroids and 1.08% of glycoside. The result obtained revealed that crude extracts of Carica papaya leaves has antibacterial activities against the test organisms. Keywords: Carica papaya, Phytochemical screening, Pathogens, Antibacterial  activity

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Crude Extracts of Homalium paniculiforum Stem

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 4975-4978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinghuai Liu ◽  
Qiongqing Xu ◽  
Chunniu Wang ◽  
Deli Chen ◽  
Yuwan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Crude Extracts

Comparative Assessment of Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities of Crude Extracts of the King Tuber Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Pleurotus tuber-regium (Agaricomycetes) from Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blondo-Pascal Metsebing ◽  
Romuald Oba ◽  
Dominique Claude Mossebo ◽  
Thierry Youmbi Fonkui ◽  
Fabrice Tsigaing Tsigain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Medicinal Mushroom ◽  
Crude Extracts

scholarly journals Phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extract of Ardisia elliptica

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazeh M. Al-Abd ◽  
Zurainee Mohamed Nor ◽  
Marzida Mansor ◽  
Asdren Zajmi ◽  
Mohd Shahnaz Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Ardisia Elliptica
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