scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Larvicidal Activities of Some Ethnobotanicals from North Eastern Nigeria against Culicine (Dipera: Culicidae) Mosquito

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
R. S. Naphtali ◽  
J. S. Ngwamah
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Stem Leave ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Larvicidal Activities ◽  
Better Than

This study was aimed to investigate the insecticidal activities of some selected ethnobotanicals against culicine mosquitoes. Various part of plant material collected were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus Methanol and Petroleum ether were used as solvents. Quantitative phytochemical Analysis for the crude extracts was carried out for the presence of azadrachtin, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycoside, steroids phenol and flavonoids. The larvicidal potentials of the various crude extracts were then tested against culicine mosquitoes. More yields of phytochemical constituents (80.78 mg) were found in total of 900 g used for methanol extracts as compared to 57.64 mg found in 900 g used in petroleum ether extracts. All the extracts of methanol and petroleum ether of the different plant used showed larvicidal potentials against culicine 3rd instar larvae. The LC50 of the methanol extracts (37.32, 38.52, 42.05, 45.91, 68.78, 126.56, and 141.73 ppm) of E. globulus, O. kilimanscharicum, H. suaveolens, Neem seeds, neem stem leave and orange peels respectively, are far better than their counterparts of petroleum ether extracts with LC50 (100.25, 115.53, 145.88, 68.44, 114.55, 46.79, and 175.07 ppm). The larvicidal effect of individual isolates of alkaloids, tannin, saponins, azadirachtin, phenol and steroids demonstrated larvicidal potentials against 3rd instar larvae of culicine, where, terpenoids, flavonoids and glycoside showed no larvicidal potentials against culicine larvae. The larvicidal potential of each plant depend on the number of active ingredients and quantity available in each extract. In conclusion, the present plant extracts have potentials for development of new and safe control products for culicine mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Variation in Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts Derived from Leaves of Sansevieria trifasciata var. Laurentii and Sansevieria trifasciata var. Zeylanica (Asparagaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 2303-2307
Author(s):  
NURUL HUDA ABDUL WAHAB ◽  
YVONNE SAMUEL ◽  
NORHAYATI YUSUF ◽  
HANIS MOHD YUSOFF
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Cat Assay ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Sansevieria is an ornamental plant that has many hybrids and varieties make them difficult to distinguish. The most common varieties used for medicinal purposes are Sansevieria trifasciatam which is known for cure of many diseases. However, little attention is given to this plant in proving it medicinal worth and capability as an antioxidant agent. This study was initiated to set up a metabolite classes profile and the potential enzymatic antioxidant of the variations of these plants. Crude extracts of S. trifasciata var. Laurentii and S. trifasciata var. Zeylanica were prepared from their leaves, and solvent used has different polarities. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out using the extracts. Phytochemical screening suggested both of these samples contain carbohydrates in all extracts. It also show that flavonoid was found in hexane and ethyl acetate extracts while did not observed in the methanol extracts for both samples. However, alkaloid, phenol and tannin were positive in all of the methanol extracts except for hexane and ethyl acetate extracts. For the biological activity, all extracts were selected for the determination of enzymatic antioxidant activity test using catalase (CAT) assay and guaiacol peroxidase (gPOD) assay using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Based on the results, CAT specific activity was the highest in methanol extract of S. trifasciata var. Laurentii (3.15 ± 0.50 units/mg protein) compared to S. trifasciata var. Zeylanica (2.20 ± 0.05 units/mg protein). For gPOD specific activity, ethyl acetate extract of S. trifasciata var. Laurentii shows the highest activity which is 1.46 × 10-2 ± 0.02 units/mg protein compared to the other crude extracts.

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT, PRELIMINARY SCREENING AND GC- FID PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF AQUEOUS AND PETROLEUM ETHER EXTRACTS OF PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS LEAVES.

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P Berezi ◽  
E. Mirinn ◽  
P.K. Berezi ◽  
A. E. Soroh
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Traditional Remedies ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

The Gas Chromatography– Flame lonization Detector (GC-FID) method was employed in this study to evaluate the phytochemical constituents of both the aqueous and petroleum ether extracts of phyllanthus amarus leaves. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids Glycosides, Phenols, Saponins, and Tannins. Further analysis revealed a total concentration of Phenol as 82.95mg/100g (4.46%) in the aqueous extract, Tannins 722.77mg/100g(38.82%),Alkaloids was 466.82mg/100(25.07%) while in the petroleum ether extract, Flavonoids was 472.59mg/100g (29.50%), Saponins 12.60mg/100g (0.79%) and Glycosides 18.63mg/100g (1.16%). These results are suggestive that P.amarus is endowed with phytochemicals that contains therapeutic potencies which support its use as traditional remedies for the treatment of variety of ailments.

scholarly journals Comparative Toxicity Effect of Some Plant Extracts against Larvae of Anopheline (Diptera: Culicidae) in the North Eastern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
R. S. Naphtali ◽  
J. S. Ngwamah ◽  
K. B. Shitta ◽  
A. Atimi ◽  
E. Kadala
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Total Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Safe Control ◽  
Larvicidal Activities

Owing to the adverse effect of synthetic pesticides, there has been increasing need to search for natural and environment friendly pesticides of plant origin as agents for control of vector of mosquito-borne diseases. This study was aimed to investigate the larvicidal activities of North eastern botanicals against vector of mosquitoes-borne diseases. Five mosquito repellent plants used by the indigenous people of north eastern, Nigeria were analysed for their effectiveness against Anopheline mosquitoes. The methanol and petroleum ether were analysed for their phytochemical properties. The methanol and petroleum ether extracts were investigated for phytochemical compounds with larvicidal activities against anopheline 3rd instar larvae through using deferent extracts of methanol and petroleum ether of different concentration that ranged from 50-200 ppm.  The larvicidal were observed after every six hours for total period of 36 hours. The extracts of Hyptis suaveolens and Azadirachta indica of both methanol and petroleum ether extracts showed high toxicity effects against anopheline. The test plants contained phenol, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, azadrachtin, glycosides saponins, terpenoids and steroids. In conclusion, the present plant extracts have potentials for development of new and safe control products for mosquitoes. As natural occurring insecticides, these plants derived materials that could be useful as an alternative for synthetic insecticides.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF MANGIFERA INDICA L. LEAVES AGAINST URINARY TRACT INFECTION-CAUSING PATHOGENS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Gyanranjan Mahalik ◽  
Sabuj Sahoo ◽  
Kunja Bihari Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Tract Infections

  Objective: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of different active compounds and their concentrations in different extracts of Mangifera indica L. leaves which can reduce the incidence of pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs).Methods: Leaves of M. indica L. were extracted in petroleum ether, methanol, and ethanol solvents by Soxhlet apparatus and screened for presence of secondary metabolites, antibacterial, and antifungal activities (agar well diffusion methods). The antimicrobial efficacy of different extracts was tested against UTI-causing organisms such as Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, and Candida tropicalis.Results: Leaves of M. indica revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acid, saponins, phenolics, tannins, sterols, and glycosides. Methanolic and ethanolic extracts of M. indica actively showed the presence of all the phytochemical constituents. All the test bacterial strains were found sensitive to ethanolic and aqueous extracts of M. indica leaves while P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, and S. flexineri showed resistance to petroleum ether extracts. Aspergillus niger was resistant to all the extracts of M. indica leaves, whereas C. tropicalis, C. krusei, and C. albicans demonstrated sensitivity toward ethanolic extracts. Higher concentrations of methanolic and petroleum ether extracts were capable of inhibiting the growth of fungal strains such as C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei, whereas C. tropicalis was sensitive to all the extracts.Conclusion: The extracts of M. indica leaves can be used as herbal cure to treat UTIs caused by different microorganisms.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF LEAF, STEM AND ROOT IN EUPHORBIA ROTHIANA SPRENG. (EUPHORBIACEAE), THE NILGIRIS WESTERN GHATS, TAMIL NADU

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
Anusuya Devi R ◽  
Veena B ◽  
Thenmozhi K
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
The Nilgiris ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Euphorbia rothiana Spreng. is an important medicinal plant. It used in hypertensive agent in traditional medicine.The present study deals with the analysis of Phytochemical constituents by qualitative analysis of leaves, stem and root were done using Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts. Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, triterpinoids, steroids, cardio glycosides and carbohydrates were analysed. Alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols were highly present various extracts of leaves stem and root. Cardio glycosides triterpinoids and carbohydrates were minimum present in the various extracts.

scholarly journals Brine-Shrimp Lethality Bioassay of different extracts of the medicinal plant matricaria (chamomilla) flowers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Elnour Ali ◽  
Shayob Mohammed El Hassan Ali ◽  
Suad Abd Elgadir Abdo EL-Rhman ◽  
Mona Abd ELmoneim Mohamed ◽  
Tarig Osman Khider
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Growth Inhibition Zone ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Abstract The present study aimed to throw some light on phytochemical constituents of Matricaria (cammomile) flowers. The grinded flowers were extracted successively by petroleum ether (40-60°C), chloroform, 95% ethanol, and ethyl acetate; using soxhlet apparatus respectively. The extracts were concentrated under vacuum (rotatory evaporator).Phytochemical screening of matricaria flowers, were performed using standard methods, showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and anthraquinone. The 95% ethanolic crude extract was subjected to column chromatography and nine fractions were collected. Fractions 1-6 have the same Rf value, (using thin layer pre-coated silica gel (0.25cm). were combined and subjected to spectroscopic analysis; infrared spectra showed absorption at 1860, 1637 and 805 cm’ indicating the presence of c=o, c=c, and c-o groups respectively. Ultra violet absorption at 250-283nm assign for the presence of flavonoids, (lit. 250-280). Finally GC/MS spectra performed the presence flavonoids.Crude extracts (ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, and chloroform) were investigated for antimicrobial activities against four strains of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus sub tills, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and two fungi: Asperigillus niger, and Candida albican) with disc diffusion method, the diameter of growth inhibition zone ranged 15-22mm.The distilled essential oil (hydro distillation) of matricaria flowers was subjected to GC/MS, a Number of aliphatic compounds were detected e.g. 2, 3 heptadione and 3-hexa none, 2, 5 dimethyl.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND TO EVALUATE THE ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC and PETROLEUM ETHER EXTRACT OF JASMINE ROOT (NYCTANTHES ARBOUR-TRISTIS). (FAMILY-NYCTAGINACEAE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Abdul Samim ◽  
Sumit Das
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Objective: To estimate the anti-microbial activity of hydro-alcoholic (methanol) and petroleum ether extract of Nyctanthes arbour-tristis (family-Nyctaginaceae) in conjugation with phytochemical screening.Methods: The hydro-alcoholic and petroleum ether extract of the whole root part of the plant Nyctanthes arbour-tristis (family-Nyctaginaceae) was prepared and studied for phytochemical constituents by using various standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of plant extract was performed on two bacterial strains and one fungal strain using disc diffusion method.Results: The present study shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the hydro-alcoholic and petroleum ether extract of the root of Nyctanthes arbour-tristis. Various phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannin, phenol, terpenoids, glycosides, saponins respectively. The anti-microbial activity of the plant extract showed significant results against all three of the test organisms.Conclusion: The present study concluded that the hydro-alcoholic and petroleum ether extract of the root of Nyctanthes arbour-tristis (night flowering jasmine) contains the highly presence of Phytochemical constituents. The hydro-alcoholic and petroleum ether extract of the plant was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF PREMNA HERBACEA (ROXB.) EXTRACTS IN PENTYLENETETRAZOL AND MAXIMAL ELECTROSHOCK-INDUCED CONVULSIONS IN MICE

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Ashish Dattatraya Chimbalkar ◽  
Vyawahare Ns
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Mixed Mechanism

Objective: In the present study, three different extracts of Pemna herbacea (Roxb.) were evaluated for its anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES)-induced convulsions in mice.Methods: The shed-dried powder of P. herbacea roots was passed through a sieve and subjected to extraction using Soxhlet apparatus with 70% ethanol, petroleum ether, and chloroform to get respective extracts named as ethanolic extract of P. herbacea, petroleum ether extract of P. herbacea, and chloroform extract of P. herbacea (PHC). Preliminary phytochemical analysis and acute oral toxicity study were done. Thereafter, the extracts were analyzed for PTZ- and MES-induced convulsions.Results: The results revealed that PHC at the doses 200 and 400 mg/kg was effective against both, i.e., PTZ- and MES-induced convulsions. Overall PHC 400 mg/kg was most effective, as it significantly delayed onset of convulsions (p<0.01) and reduced % mortality (50%) in PTZ model, while in MES model, it showed the highest reduction in duration of hind limb extension (p<0.01) and percentage protection (33.33%).Conclusion: The results reported anticonvulsant potential of PHC against both PTZ- and MES-induced convulsions suggesting mixed mechanism of action which may be attributed to different phytochemicals acting simultaneously. 

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS OF NORTH EASTERN REGION OF INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
MELAKYRKHU NIANGMIH ◽  
SAMIRAN CHUTIA ◽  
DAS BANYASHREE ◽  
SARKAR BAPI ROY ◽  
DEY BIPLAB KUMAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
North Eastern

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis, Pharmacological and Safety Evaluations of Halophytic Plant, Salsola cyclophylla

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2384
Author(s):  
Hamdoon A. Mohammed ◽  
Mohsen S. Al-Omar ◽  
Salman A. A. Mohammed ◽  
Ahmad H. Alhowail ◽  
Hussein M. Eldeeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Halophytic Plant ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Salsola cyclophylla, an edible halophyte, is traditionally used for inflammation and pain. To confirm the claimed anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, a detailed study on respective pharmacological actions was undertaken. The activities are contemplated to arise from its phytoconstituents. The LC-MS analysis of S. cyclophylla 95% aqueous-ethanolic extract revealed the presence of 52 compounds belonging to phenols, flavonoids, coumarins, and aliphatics class. A high concentration of Mn, Fe, and Zn was detected by atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest flavonoid contents (5.94 ± 0.04 mg/g, Quercetin Equivalents) and Fe2+-chelation (52%) potential with DPPH radicals-quenching IC50 at 1.35 ± 0.16 mg/mL, while the aqueous ethanolic extract exhibited maximum phenolics contents (136.08 ± 0.12 mg/g, gallic acid equivalents) with DPPH scavenging potential at IC50 0.615 ± 0.06 mg/mL. Aqueous ethanolic extract and standard quercetin DPPH radicals scavenging’s were equal potent at 10 mg/mL concentrations. The aqueous ethanolic extract showed highest analgesic effect with pain reduction rates 89.86% (p = 0.03), 87.50% (p < 0.01), and 99.66% (p = 0.0004) after 60, 90, and 120 min, respectively. Additionally, aqueous ethanolic extract exhibited the highest anti-inflammation capacity at 41.07% (p < 0.0001), 34.51% (p < 0.0001), and 24.82% (p < 0.0001) after 2, 3, and 6 h of extract’s administration, respectively. The phytochemical constituents, significant anti-oxidant potential, remarkable analgesic, and anti-inflammatory bioactivities of extracts supported the traditionally claimed anti-inflammatory and analgesic plant activities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document