scholarly journals Antibacterial activities and phytochemical screening of crude extract of Carica papaya leaf against selected pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
A.E. Ajiboye ◽  
R.A. Olawoyin
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Test Organisms

Carica papaya commonly known as paw paw belongs to the family of Curcubitaceae and commonly grown in tropical regions. It possesses  antimicrobial, antihelmintic and antioxidant properties. The study assessed the antibacterial potency of Carica papaya against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Acetone and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Carica papaya were obtained using standard methods. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was done using agar well diffusion methods. The Minimum inhibitory and Minimum bactericidal concentrations were done using standard procedures. The antibacterial activities of the crude extracts of Carica papaya against the test organisms revealed that acetone extract showed maximum zone of inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 17.90±0.10mm at 500 mg/ml and the lowest inhibitory effect on Klebsiella pneumoniae with a zone of 6.50±0.50mm at 100 mg/ml, the aqueous extract showed maximum zone of  inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 15.50±0.50mm at 500 mg/ml and the lowest zone of inhibition was on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 6.50±0.50mm at 100 g/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of acetone and aqueous extract was 40 mg/ml and 50mg/ml against Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of the extracts ranges from 40-60mg/ml. The qualitative  phytochemical screening result revealed the presence of tannins, saponnin, alkaloids and steroid. The quantitative phytochemicals revealed 0.70%  of flavonoids, 0.48% of alkaloids, 1.02% of tannin, 0.11% of steroids and 1.08% of glycoside. The result obtained revealed that crude extracts of Carica papaya leaves has antibacterial activities against the test organisms. Keywords: Carica papaya, Phytochemical screening, Pathogens, Antibacterial  activity

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTINOMYCETES FROM SOIL OF AD-DAWADMI, SAUDI ARABIA AND SCREENING THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gouse Basha Sheik ◽  
Muazzam Sheriff Maqbul ◽  
Gokul Shankar S. ◽  
Ranjith M S
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Objective: To isolate and characterize novel actinomycetes and to evaluate their antibacterial activity against drug-resistant pathogenic bacteriaMethods: In the present study, 19 soil samples were collected from different localities of Ad-Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia. Actinomycetes were isolated from these samples using serial dilution and plating method on Actinomycetes isolation agar supplemented with nalidixic acid and actidione to inhibit bacteria and fungi. Crude extracts of potential actinomycetes were produced by submerged fermentation. The antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of actinomycetes was tested against different bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. Characterization of the isolates was done by morphological, physiological and biochemical methods.Results: A total of 9 (47%) isolates of actinomycetes were isolated from 19 different soil samples tested. Among them, 4 (44%) isolates confirmed as Streptomyces sp. showed potential antimicrobial activity against one or more test organisms. Crude extracts were made from these 4 actinomycetes isolates(DOM1, DOM3, DP3, DP4)and tested for their antibacterial activities against 4 different clinical bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus). Crude extract from DP3 isolate showed highest antibacterial activity against all the four test organisms (28 mm, 21 mm, 20 mm and 18 mm) respectively and DP4 showed lowest antibacterial activity against all the four test organisms (14 mm, 12 mm, 0 mm, 6 mm) respectively. The highest zone of inhibition was shown by DP3 against Staphylococcus aureus (28 mm) and Escherichia coli was resistant for DP4. Most of the Inhibition zones produced by crude extracts showed significant differences when compared with control, tested against test organisms (P<0.05). Inhibition zones produced by DP3 and DOM1 against Staphylococcus aureus were 28 mm and 23 mm, respectively which were strong active when compared with control Ciprofloxacin (18 mm).Conclusion: Further studies for purification of bioactive metabolites and molecular characterization analysis of isolated Streptomyces sp. are in progress which would be helpful in discovering novel compounds of commercial value.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Honey on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes Isolated from Wound Pus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Honey Sample ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Treatment Of Wounds ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Antibacterial activity of honey obtained from an apiculture farm was tested on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogens isolated from wound pus was observed. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of honey on the test organisms. Moreover, the result was that the honey sample had heavy antibacterial activities against the test organisms, which was revealed by the zone of inhibition obtained. The antibacterial activity increased with the increase in concentrations of honey and showed a clear zone for both organisms. Therefore honey can be accepted as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of wounds, burns, bedsores, and ulcers.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of the Crude Extract of Scent Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
I. I. Hamma ◽  
I. Y. Tafinta ◽  
A. Abdulmalik ◽  
J. Theophilus ◽  
M. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Scent (Ocimum gratissimum) leaves are known for their medicinal values for a long. The study was carried out on phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of scent leaf extracts on E. coli and S. aureus. Antibacterial assay of the plant extracts was carried out on the test isolates, by inoculation on the surface of freshly gelled sterile nutrient agar plates by streaking using sterilized swab stick and the potent extracts was determined according to the macro broth dilution technique. Phytochemical screening of O. gratissimum leaves revealed the presence of steroids, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and tannins in all the extracts. There was decreased in antibacterial activity with decreased in concentration of the extract as the concentration of the extract decreases from 200 – 25 mg/ml, the zones of inhibition also decreased from 20 to 11 mm (ethanol extract) and 17 – 10 mm (aqueous extract) for S. aureus; 19 – 10 mm (ethanol extract) and 15 – 8 mm (aqueous extract) for E. coli. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of O. gratissimum extracts against the selected clinical isolates revealed no growth (clear) in all the test organisms at the concentration of 200 mg/ml. Also, the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) showed no growth of bacterial colonies at the concentration of 200 mg/ml. It was observed from the study that ethanol and aqueous extracts exhibited high inhibitory activities on Escherichia coli a representative of enteric coliforms and Gram negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus a representative of Gram positive bacteria. Ethanolic extract had higher inhibition compared to the aqueous extract. This can be deduced to the ability of ethanol to extract more of the essential oils and secondary plant metabolites which are believed to exert antibacterial activity on the test organisms.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, antibacterial activity and related mechanism of valonia and shell from Quercus variabilis Blume (Fagaceae) against Salmonella paratyphi a and Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zhou ◽  
Ze-Hua Liu ◽  
Dong-Mei Wang ◽  
Deng-Wu Li ◽  
Li-Na Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial Mechanism ◽  
Natural Antimicrobials ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Quercus Variabilis ◽  
Crude Extracts

Abstract Background Plant secondary metabolites and phytochemicals that exhibit strong bioactivities have potential to be developed as safe and efficient natural antimicrobials against food contamination and addressing antimicrobial resistance caused by the overuse of chemical synthetic preservative. In this study, the chemical composition, antibacterial activities and related mechanism of the extracts of the valonia and the shell of Quercus variabilis Blume were studied to determine its potential as a safe and efficient natural antimicrobial. Methods The phenolic compositions of valonia and shell extracts were determined by folin-ciocalteau colourimetric method, sodium borohydride/chloranil-based assay and the aluminium chloride method and then further identified by the reverse-phase HPLC analysis. The antibacterial activities of valonia and shell extracts were evaluated by the agar disk diffusion method and agar dilution method. The related antibacterial mechanism was explored successively by the membrane of pathogens effect, phosphorous metabolism, whole-cell proteins and the microbial morphology under scanning electron microscopy. Results The n-butanol fraction and water fraction of valonia along with n-butanol fraction of the shell contains enrich phenolics including ellagic acid, theophylline, caffeic acid and tannin acid. The n-butanol fraction and ethanol crude extracts of valonia exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Salmonella paratyphi A (S. paratyphi A) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with the DIZ values ranged from 10.89 ± 0.12 to 15.92 ± 0.44, which were greater than that of the Punica granatum (DIZ: 10.22 ± 0.18 and 10.30 ± 0.21). The MIC values of the n-butanol fraction and ethanol crude extracts of valonia against S. paratyphi A and S. aureus were 1.25 mg/ml and 0.625 mg/ml. The related antibacterial mechanism of n-butanol fraction and ethanol crude extracts of valonia may be attributed to their strong impact on membrane permeability and cellular metabolism. Those extracts exhibited strong antibacterial activity according to inhibit the synthesis of bacterial proteins and seriously change morphological structure of bacterial cells. Conclusions The n-butanol fraction and ethanol crude extracts of valonia had reasonably good antibacterial activities against S. paratyphi A and S. aureus. This study suggests possible application of valonia and shell as natural antimicrobials or preservatives for food and medical application.

scholarly journals Study of Antibacterial Activity of Chenopodium album Leaves Extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaur M. ◽  
Sharma S. ◽  
Garg S. ◽  
Arora M.
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Test Organisms

This study describes the antibacterial activities of three different solvent extracts of leaves of Chenopodium album. Methanol, acetone and chloroform extracts of C. album were prepared. The antibacterial activity was assessed using well plate method and were examined for the size of zone of inhibition. Different extracts were investigated against the test organisms namely Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The maximum activity was observed at 100% concentration of different extracts of leaves. The maximum zone of inhibition for 100% concentration were observed as E. coli (19 mm) and Lactobacillus (19 mm) in diameter respectively. C. album did not show any antibacterial activity against B. subtilis. Antibacterial activity was compared with standard Amoxicillin and it was found to be 23 mm diameter for Lactobacillus and 25 mm for both E. coli and B. subtilis in terms of zone of inhibition.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PSEUDOCEDRELA KOTSCHYI (SCHWEINF.) HARMS EXTRACTS AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS GROWTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Kokou Atchou ◽  
Koku Amegbo Dakey ◽  
Farida Etroubeka-Tsono ◽  
Amégninou Agban ◽  
Simplice Damintoti Karou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinetics Of Inhibition

Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous bacteria that causes a serious health problem because of its multi-resistance to antibiotics. The aimed of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of P. kotschyi root against S. aureus ATCC 29213 and S. aureus, a clinical strain. The phytochemical compound was sought in the extracts by standard staining tests and extractions were carried out by fractionation using solvents depletion method with increasing polarity. The method of dilution in liquid medium was used for the antibacterial tests. The results showed that the aqueous extract of the bark was effective against both S. aureus with MICs of 0.39 mg.mL-1. The MICs of ethanolic extract were 0.39 and 0.78 mg.mL-1, respectively on S. aureus ATCC 29213 and S. aureus. The steles of P. kotschyi roots were less effective. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts at concentrations = 2MICs, have been respectively bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on tested germs. The kinetics of inhibition showed that the aqueous extract of the bark at 0.78 mg.mL-1, completely destroyed the two germs respectively in 4 h and 5 h. The action of ethanolic extract at 0.78 and 1.56 mg.mL-1 occurs late against both S. aureus at 6 h and 7 h. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, anthracenes, glycosides, saponosides and sterols, some of that may be responsible for the observed antimicrobial activity. This study proved the antibacterial activity of P. kotschyi roots that can be exploited as an antibiotic in the treatment of S. aureus infections.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activities of Aframomum melegueta (K. Schum) Seed Extracts on Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1419-1424
Author(s):  
M.S. Chomini ◽  
M.K. Peter ◽  
M. Ameh ◽  
A.E. Chomini ◽  
E.A. Bassey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Seed Extracts

The phytochemical screening and antibacterial effects of Aframomum melegueta (K. Schum)on Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae was carried out. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, anthraquinones, terpenoids, glycosides  and phenols in the seed extract. The susceptibility test showedzones of inhibition (ZOI) of S. typhi (11.0mm) and K. pneumonia (13.0mm)with methanolic seed extract (MSE), while the hot aqueous seed extract (HASE) recorded 3.0mmas ZOI for both test organisms. The Minimum  inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 200mg/ml and 100mg/ml were recorded against S. typhi and K. pneumoniae respectively with MSE, while HASE indicated 400mg/ml and 200mg/ml MICs against S. typhi and K. pneumoniae respectively. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) obtained from MSE were 200 mg/ml and 25mg/ml for S. typhiand K. pneumoniae, while HASE had > 400mg/ml for test microbes. The effectiveness of different concentrations of the test plant extracts on the test organisms was significant (P<0.05). Further trials involving other clinical isolates and botanicals at different concentrations be conducted, to optimize theprocess. Keywords: Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, Aframomum melegueta, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of the Crude Extract and Constituents of Vismia Baccifera Var. Dealbata (Guttiferae) Collected in Venezuela

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Salas ◽  
Judith Velasco ◽  
Janne Rojas ◽  
Antonio Morales
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Agar Method

The antibacterial activities of the crude extract of Vismia baccifera var. dealbata Triana & Planch and of compounds isolated from it (sesamin, friedelin and vismiaquinone) were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25992), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 23357), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) using the disc diffusion agar method. The results obtained have revealed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa, pathogen opportunists that become resistant to the antibiotics frequently used. According to the literature consulted, this is the first report of the antibacterial activity of the crude extract of V. baccifera and its constituents.

scholarly journals Preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial activity of Plumbago indica (Laal chitrak) root extracts against drug-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-444
Author(s):  
Salim Faruk Bashir ◽  
Gaurav Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Plumbago Indica

Abstract Drug resistance is one of the problems affecting the world where drug-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have been shown to be ubiquitous, frequently isolated from foods and commonly associated with surgical site infection in hospitals worldwide. The aims of this work were to analyze the antibacterial activity of root extracts of the plant obtained by serial extraction (using petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and water) and by in vitro techniques and preliminary screen phytochemicals present in the extract by qualitative means. Fresh roots of Plumbago indica were collected, oven-dried, and extracted using Soxhlet apparatus; antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the active extract were evaluated by standard methods against clinically isolated drug-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae; preliminary phytochemical screening was taken to detect the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, reducing sugars, phenolics, protein, and oil and fat; and bioactive compounds were detected by GCMS analysis of the active extracts. Determination of antibacterial activity showed that the test organisms were susceptible to methanol and aqueous extracts only. MIC of methanolic extract was found to be 20 µg/mL on both E. coli and K. pneumoniae, while aqueous extract had MIC of 10 and 20 µg/mL on E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of all the above-mentioned phytochemicals except oil and fat. The significance of this work is to find a lasting solution to the current problem of emerging drug-resistant bacteria (E. coli and K. pneumoniae) through the use of extracts obtained from P. indica which have long history of use as traditional medicine. The methanolic and aqueous extract can be recommended as an alternative and candidates for drug development against drug-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae.

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