scholarly journals 4D hyperspherical harmonic (HyperSPHARM) representation of surface anatomy: A holistic treatment of multiple disconnected anatomical structures

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pasha Hosseinbor ◽  
Moo K. Chung ◽  
Cheng Guan Koay ◽  
Stacey M. Schaefer ◽  
Carien M. van Reekum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspherical Harmonic ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Holistic Treatment ◽  
Surface Anatomy

Selection and Preparation of Specific Tissue Regions For Tem Using Large Epoxy-Embedded Blocks

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 324-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Lowrie ◽  
W. S. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Embedded Blocks ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Selection Of

The importance of examining stained 1 to 2μ plastic sections by light microscopy has long been recognized, both for increased definition of many histologic features and for selection of specimen samples to be used in ultrastructural studies. Selection of specimens with specific orien ation relative to anatomical structures becomes of critical importance in ultrastructural investigations of organs such as the lung. The uantity of blocks necessary to locate special areas of interest by random sampling is large, however, and the method is lacking in precision. Several methods have been described for selection of specific areas for electron microscopy using light microscopic evaluation of paraffin, epoxy-infiltrated, or epoxy-embedded large blocks from which thick sections were cut. Selected areas from these thick sections were subsequently removed and re-embedded or attached to blank precasted blocks and resectioned for transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Implications of Digital Image Processing in the Paraclinical Assessment of the Partially Edentated Patient

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-524
Author(s):  
Magda Ecaterina Antohe ◽  
Doriana Agop Forna ◽  
Cristina Gena Dascalu ◽  
Norina Consuela Forna
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Contour Detection ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Imaging Processing ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Radiological Image ◽  
Processing Techniques

The application of certain digital processing techniques offers the possibility of extra accuracy in the interpretation of paraclinical examinations of this type, with profound implications in the diagnosis as well as in the hierarchy of the treatment plan. The purpose of this study is to identify the type of imaging processing for the identification of pathological elements from orthopantomographies and articular tomographies. A number of 20 orthopantomographies and 15 temporo-mandibular joint tomography have undergone through various image enhancement techniques. Various methods of image enhancement (enhancement) have been used for those procedures whereby it becomes more useful in the following aspects: specific details are highlighted; noise is eliminated; the image becomes more visually attractive. The workings were done in Corel PhotoPaint 7.0, using the automatic procedures available.The choice of a particular type of image enhancement technique has been selected for each type of pathology found in orthopantomographies or articular tomography, providing the best accuracy for an optimal imaging interpretation that underpins a precision diagnosis.Of the most useful imaging processing in the optimization of the orthopantomographic image accuracy the point-to-point transformations are to be noted. The image processing proposed in this article focused primarily on improving the radiological image attributes to highlight specific anatomical structures, and secondly, the contour detection, where it was necessary for the diagnostic purposes as well.

Observation of the Pulp Chamber of Maxillary First Premolars: A Micro-computed Tomographic Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Gozde Serindere ◽  
Ceren Aktuna Belgin ◽  
Kaan Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulp Chamber ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chamber Floor

Background: There are a few studies about the evaluation of maxillary first premolars internal structure with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The aim of this study was to assess morphological features of the pulp chamber in maxillary first premolar teeth using micro- CT. Methods: Extracted 15 maxillary first premolar teeth were selected from the patients who were in different age groups. The distance between the pulp orifices, the diameter of the pulp and the width of the pulp chamber floor were measured on the micro-CT images with the slice thickness of 13.6 µm. The number of root canal orifices and the presence of isthmus were evaluated. Results: The mean diameter of orifices was 0.73 mm on the buccal side while it was 0.61 mm on palatinal side. The mean distance between pulp orifices was 2.84 mm. The mean angle between pulp orifices was -21.53°. The mean height of pulp orifices on the buccal side was 4.32 mm while the mean height of pulp orifices on the palatinal side was 3.56 mm. The most observed shape of root canal orifices was flattened ribbon. No isthmus was found in specimens. Conclusion: Minor anatomical structures can be evaluated in more detail with micro-CT. The observation of the pulp cavity was analyzed using micro-CT.

Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Walsh ◽  
Michael Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Quantitative Genetics ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Holistic Treatment ◽  
Genetics And Genomics ◽  
Selection Of

Quantitative traits—be they morphological or physiological characters, aspects of behavior, or genome-level features such as the amount of RNA or protein expression for a specific gene—usually show considerable variation within and among populations. Quantitative genetics, also referred to as the genetics of complex traits, is the study of such characters and is based on mathematical models of evolution in which many genes influence the trait and in which non-genetic factors may also be important. Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits presents a holistic treatment of the subject, showing the interplay between theory and data with extensive discussions on statistical issues relating to the estimation of the biologically relevant parameters for these models. Quantitative genetics is viewed as the bridge between complex mathematical models of trait evolution and real-world data, and the authors have clearly framed their treatment as such. This is the second volume in a planned trilogy that summarizes the modern field of quantitative genetics, informed by empirical observations from wide-ranging fields (agriculture, evolution, ecology, and human biology) as well as population genetics, statistical theory, mathematical modeling, genetics, and genomics. Whilst volume 1 (1998) dealt with the genetics of such traits, the main focus of volume 2 is on their evolution, with a special emphasis on detecting selection (ranging from the use of genomic and historical data through to ecological field data) and examining its consequences. This extensive work of reference is suitable for graduate level students as well as professional researchers (both empiricists and theoreticians) in the fields of evolutionary biology, genetics, and genomics. It will also be of particular relevance and use to plant and animal breeders, human geneticists, and statisticians.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Study of the Oral and Pharyngeal Cavities in the Common Dolphin, Striped Dolphin, Risso’s Dolphin, Harbour Porpoise and Pilot Whale: Reinforced with Other Diagnostic and Anatomic Techniques

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1507
Author(s):  
Álvaro García de los Ríos y Loshuertos ◽  
Marta Soler Laguía ◽  
Alberto Arencibia Espinosa ◽  
Francisco Martínez Gomariz ◽  
Cayetano Sánchez Collado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Common Dolphin ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pilot Whale ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Vascular Plexus ◽  
Endoscopic Study ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
The Common ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

In this work, the fetal and newborn anatomical structures of the dolphin oropharyngeal cavities were studied. The main technique used was endoscopy, as these cavities are narrow tubular spaces and the oral cavity is difficult to photograph without moving the specimen. The endoscope was used to study the mucosal features of the oral and pharyngeal cavities. Two pharyngeal diverticula of the auditory tubes were discovered on either side of the choanae and larynx. These spaces begin close to the musculotubaric channel of the middle ear, are linked to the pterygopalatine recesses (pterygoid sinus) and they extend to the maxillopalatine fossa. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), osteological analysis, sectional anatomy, dissections, and histology were also used to better understand the function of the pharyngeal diverticula of the auditory tubes. These data were then compared with the horse’s pharyngeal diverticula of the auditory tubes. The histology revealed that a vascular plexus inside these diverticula could help to expel the air from this space to the nasopharynx. In the oral cavity, teeth remain inside the alveolus and covered by gums. The marginal papillae of the tongue differ in extension depending on the fetal specimen studied. The histology reveals that the incisive papilla is vestigial and contain abundant innervation. No ducts were observed inside lateral sublingual folds in the oral cavity proper and caruncles were not seen in the prefrenular space.

scholarly journals AB0587 ASSESSING THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION BY CLINICIAN SPECIALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1330.2-1331
Author(s):  
D. Baldock ◽  
E. Baynton ◽  
C. F. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Holistic Treatment ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Medical Chart Review ◽  
Complex Patients ◽  
Minimum Number

Background:Though the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is complex, patients with OA frequently have other comorbidities, including hypertension, which eludes to other considerations needed when deciding appropriate treatment management.Objectives:This study aims to examine the profiles of knee OA patients with hypertension vs. those without any comorbidities, and to elucidate key differences between these patient groups as potential areas of consideration.Methods:A multi-center, online medical chart review study of patients with OA was conducted between May – July 2020 among US rheumatologists (rheums), orthopedic surgeons (orthos), primary care physicians with a focus in sports medicine (SM PCPs), and pain specialists. Physicians recruited were screened for duration of practice in their specialty (3-50 years) and caseload (>=35 knee OA patients personally managed, at least 10 being moderate-severe). Patient charts were recorded for the next 5 eligible patients seen during the screening period. Respondents abstracted patient demographics and treatments used. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.Results:260 physicians were recruited and collectively reported 796 knee OA patients; 559 were reported to experience hypertension whilst 237 were reported as not experiencing any comorbidities.Reported hypertension patients were significantly older (mean 67 vs 59 years old, respectively; p≤0.01) and weighed more (mean 82kg vs 77kg, respectively; p≤0.01) than patients without comorbidities; they were also significantly more likely to be previous smokers compared to those without comorbidities (23% vs 8%, respectively; p≤0.01). With regards to current knee OA severity, both orthos and SM PCPs reported a significantly higher proportion of hypertension patients that were deemed ‘severe’ (physician opinion) vs patients without comorbidities (orthos: 50% vs 32%, respectively; SM PCPs: 42% vs 23%, respectively; p≤0.01).Rheums and pain specialists reported greater mild opioid usage amongst hypertension patients compared to those without comorbidities (rheums: 28% vs 10%, respectively (p≤0.05); pain specialists: 40% vs 9%, respectively; (p≤0.01)); orthos and SM PCPs stated significantly greater use of corticosteroid injections amongst their reported hypertension patients vs those without comorbidities (orthos: 60% vs 41%, respectively; SM PCPs: 40% vs 19%, respectively; p≤0.01). Hypertension patients reported by orthos and SM PCPs are more likely to be considered for total knee replacement (TKR) surgery compared to those without comorbidities (orthos: 59% vs 32%, respectively; SM PCPs: 37% vs 19%, respectively; p≤0.01). Conversely, hypertension patients reported by rheums are less likely to be considered for TKR vs those without comorbidities (41% vs 18%, respectively; p≤0.05).Reported hypertension patients had a significantly higher mean Visual Analogue Scale for Pain (VAS) score than patients without comorbidities (6.6 vs 5.9, respectively; p≤0.01). A significantly higher proportion of patients with hypertension demonstrate radiographic evidence of bone erosion compared to those without comorbidities (69% vs 56%, respectively; p≤0.01).Conclusion:From the sample surveyed, knee OA patients with hypertension may require a more specific and holistic treatment approach that takes into account their CV status and managing physician specialty. Further investigation using comparator cohort is warranted.References:[1]Ipsos Osteoarthritis Therapy Monitor (May – July 2020, 260 specialists reporting on 769 knee OA patients seen in consultation, data collected online. Participating physicians were primary treaters and saw a minimum number of 35 knee OA patients). Data © Ipsos 2021, all rights reserved.[2]Ipsos Osteoarthritis Therapy Monitor (May – July 2020, 260 specialists reporting on 769 knee OA patients seen in consultation, data collected online. Participating physicians were primary treaters and saw a minimum number of 35 knee OA patients). Data © Ipsos 2021, all rights reserved.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

scholarly journals Robot-assisted Ultrasound-guided Tracking of Anatomical Structures for the Application of Focused Ultrasound

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Michael Unger ◽  
Johann Berger ◽  
Bjoern Gerold ◽  
Andreas Melzer
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Surgical Tool ◽  
Custom Made

AbstractHigh intensity focused ultrasound is used as a surgical tool to treat completely non-invasively several diseases. Examples of clinical applications are uterine fibroids, prostate cancer, thyroid nodules, and varicose veins. Precise targeting is key for improving the treatment outcome. A method for an automated, robot-assisted tracking system was developed and evaluated. A wireless ultrasound scanner was used to acquire images of the target, in this case, a blood vessel. The active contour approach by Chan and Vese was used to segment and track while moving the scanner along the target structure with a collaborative robotic arm. The performance was assessed using a custom made Agar phantom. The mean tracking error, which is defined as the remaining distance of the lesion to the images’ centre line, was 0.27 mm ± 0.18 mm.

scholarly journals Utilization potential of intraluminal optical coherence tomography for the Eustachian tube

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayoung Byun ◽  
Yeon Hoon Kim ◽  
Jingchao Xing ◽  
Su-Jin Shin ◽  
Seung Hwan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Balloon Dilatation ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tubal Lumen ◽  
Oct Image

AbstractImaging the Eustachian tube is challenging because of its complex anatomy and limited accessibility. This study fabricated a fiber-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) catheter and investigated its potential for assessing the Eustachian tube anatomy. A customized OCT system and an imaging catheter, termed the Eustachian OCT, were developed for visualizing the Eustachian tube. Three male swine cadaver heads were used to study OCT image acquisition and for subsequent histologic correlation. The imaging catheter was introduced through the nasopharyngeal opening and reached toward the middle ear. The OCT images were acquired from the superior to the nasopharyngeal opening before and after Eustachian tube balloon dilatation. The histological anatomy of the Eustachian tube was compared with corresponding OCT images, The new, Eustachian OCT catheter was successfully inserted in the tubal lumen without damage. Cross-sectional images of the tube were successfully obtained, and the margins of the anatomical structures including cartilage, mucosa lining, and fat could be successfully delineated. After balloon dilatation, the expansion of the cross-sectional area could be identified from the OCT images. Using the OCT technique to assess the Eustachian tube anatomy was shown to be feasible, and the fabricated OCT image catheter was determined to be suitable for Eustachian tube assessment.

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