Reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and improved glucose metabolism in nondiabetic obese women during a very low calorie dietary intervention leading to rapid weight loss

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The aim is to investigate if sustained weight loss due to caloric restriction can be achieved in a community setting, using faith-based organisations (FBOs) as hubs; and if this weight loss can lead to the re-establishment of normal metabolism (using the normalisation of blood sugar levels while off glucose lowering medication as a proxy) in a person with pre-diabetes or T2DM. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Members of the FBO with either a diagnosis of T2DM for <6 years or pre-diabetes as defined by the American Diabetes Association (ADA); and a Body Mass index (BMI) of ≥27 kg/m2 are eligible. After counselling, participants will be placed on a 12 week low calorie liquid diet, supplemented by low carbohydrate vegetables, totalling approximately 840 kcal/day. During this time, participants will be monitored weekly at their FBO by trained members of their congregation, with oversight from the study team, for change in weight, fasting blood glucose, waist and hip circumference and blood pressure. This will be followed by a 3 month period during which participants will receive ongoing dietary advice as they transfer to a balanced, reduced calorie, solid diet. Physical measurements will be monitored monthly during this 3 month period. The next 6 months is a period where the participants and the FBO health team move towards ‘independence’. This involves further training of the FBO health team and participants in healthy lifestyle habits; and a commitment by the leadership of the FBO to assume ‘ownership’ for NCD monitoring within their community. Physical measurements will be repeated at the end of one year. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Based on previous studies, we expect that participants who are compliant to the diet will lose approximately 2.2 kg per week over the 12 week period. This will be associated with rapid (within 1 week) normalisation of fasting blood glucose levels (<7mmol / L). We expect that, due to the accessibility of NCD monitoring and support, that participants to be satisfied with their care and compliant to their regime and that the results of the first 12 weeks will be sustained at the 12 month follow up. We expect that the FBO leadership will assume the responsibility of continuing and NCD programme, not only for the local congregation but for the surrounding community. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Diabetes remission with a low calorie diet is a viable intervention for T2DM remission however social support is key to an individual’s success. This novel study which proposes institution of a diabetes remission intervention which fits into the participant’s locale and involves peer support, should increase long-term success.

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Very low-calorie diet in candidates for bariatric surgery: change in body composition during rapid weight loss

Clinics ◽

10.6061/clinics/2019/e560 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcela Pires Serafim ◽

Marco Aurelio Santo ◽

Alexandre Vieira Gadducci ◽

Veruska Magalhães Scabim ◽

Ivan Cecconello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Rapid Weight Loss ◽

Very Low Calorie Diet ◽

Low Calorie ◽

Low Calorie Diet ◽

Calorie Diet

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Impact of hypocaloric dietary intervention on ovulation in obese women with PCOS

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-16-0385 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 153 (1) ◽

pp. R15-R27 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Brittany Y Jarrett ◽

Marla E Lujan

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Antral Follicle ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Obese Women ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Impact

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of ovulatory dysfunction affecting women of reproductive age. Obesity and insulin resistance are thought to potentiate disruptions in antral follicle development that result in chronic anovulation, and as such, have become important therapeutic targets of dietary interventions aimed at weight loss. Caloric restriction has been shown to promote sporadic ovulation in obese women with PCOS, but improvements have occurred across a wide range of patients and little has been garnered about the factors that distinguish responders from non-responders. Further, few studies have evaluated the likelihood for modest weight loss to restore normal ovulatory cyclicity in PCOS. Consensus regarding the impact of dietary intervention on ovulation has been limited by variability in the measures used to characterize and report ovulatory status across studies. In response, this review provides an assessment of the evidence surrounding the effectiveness of hypocaloric dietary intervention to normalize ovulatory function in PCOS. The impact of physiological vs methodological factors on the evaluation of ovulatory status is discussed, and recommendations to strengthen future studies in this area are provided. Ultimately, further research is needed to understand the optimal dietary or lifestyle approaches that promote ovulation and sustained improvements in reproductive function in PCOS.

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The effect of rate of weight loss on erythrocyte glutathione concentration and synthesis in healthy obese men

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs1020569 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 102 (5) ◽

pp. 569-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Peter FABER ◽

Alexandra M. JOHNSTONE ◽

Eileen R. GIBNEY ◽

Marinos ELIA ◽

R. James STUBBS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Oxidative Modification ◽

Synthesis Rate ◽

Rapid Weight Loss ◽

Very Low Calorie Diet ◽

Low Calorie ◽

Low Calorie Diet ◽

Calorie Diet ◽

Obese Subjects

Obesity is commonly associated with a high incidence and prevalence of dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular disease and Type II diabetes. Interestingly, studies have also reported decreased antioxidant levels in obese subjects. This may constitute an independent risk factor in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease as obese subjects would have a decreased capacity to prevent the oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins, which is a mechanism suggested as central to the development of atherogenesis. As part of a study to investigate responses to weight loss, we have assessed the effects on GSH status of a decrease in body mass of 5%, either after 6 days of complete starvation or 11 days of a very low calorie diet (2.55MJ/day). There were significant differences between the two groups in the synthesis rate of erythrocyte GSH in response to weight loss. Both the fractional and the erythrocyte synthesis rate of GSH decreased significantly (P<0.01) in the starvation group by 22% and 16% respectively. In contrast, no change in synthesis rates was observed in the very low calorie diet group (P>0.05). Total erythrocyte concentration of GSH was unaffected by the weight loss within both groups. These results suggest that erythrocyte GSH synthesis is depressed in response to a very rapid weight loss induced by fasting. An acute reduction in GSH synthesis in response to a rapid weight loss may constitute a risk factor during periods of increased GSH demands.

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Catecholamine and insulin control of lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue during long-term diet-induced weight loss in obese women

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00240.2011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 302 (2) ◽

pp. E226-E232 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Katrien Koppo ◽

Michaela Siklová-Vitková ◽

Eva Klimčáková ◽

Jan Polák ◽

Marie A. Marques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Glycerol Concentration ◽

Obese Women ◽

Low Calorie ◽

Low Calorie Diet ◽

Calorie Diet ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of the adrenergic and insulin-mediated regulation of lipolysis during different phases of a 6-mo dietary intervention. Eight obese women underwent a 6-mo dietary intervention consisting of a 1-mo very low-calorie diet (VLCD) followed by a 2-mo low-calorie diet (LCD) and 3-mo weight maintenance (WM) diet. At each phase of the dietary intervention, microdialysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) was performed at rest and during a 3-h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Responses of dialysate glycerol concentration (DGC) were determined at baseline and during local perfusions with adrenaline or adrenaline and phentolamine before and during the last 30 min of the clamp. Dietary intervention induced a body weight reduction and an improved insulin sensitivity. DGC progressively decreased during the clamp, and this decrease was similar during the different phases of the diet. The adrenaline-induced increase in DGC was higher at VLCD and LCD compared with baseline condition and returned to prediet levels at WM. In the probe with adrenaline and phentolamine, the increase in DGC was higher than that in the adrenaline probe at baseline and WM, but it was not different at VLCD and LCD. The results suggest that the responsiveness of SCAT to adrenaline-stimulated lipolysis increases during the calorie-restricted phases due to a reduction of the α2-adrenoceptor-mediated antilipolytic action of adrenaline. At WM, adrenaline-stimulated lipolysis returned to the prediet levels. Furthermore, no direct relationship between insulin sensitivity and the diet-induced changes in the regulation of lipolysis was found.

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Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes in Gluteal and Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue During Weight-Reducing Dietary Intervention in Obese Women

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.932537 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 73-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L. MALIŠOVÁ ◽

L. ROSSMEISLOVÁ ◽

Z. KOVÁČOVÁ ◽

J. KRAČMEROVÁ ◽

M. TENCEROVÁ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Weight Maintenance ◽

Maintenance Phase ◽

Obese Women ◽

Very Low Calorie Diet ◽

Low Calorie ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Low Calorie Diet ◽

Calorie Diet

Accumulation of adipose tissue in lower body lowers risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The molecular basis of this protective effect of gluteofemoral depot is not clear. The aim of this study was to compare the profile of expression of inflammation-related genes in subcutaneous gluteal (sGAT) and abdominal (sAAT) adipose tissue at baseline and in response to multiphase weight-reducing dietary intervention (DI). 14 premenopausal healthy obese women underwent a 6 months’ DI consisting of 1 month very-low-calorie-diet (VLCD), subsequent 2 months’ low-calorie-diet and 3 months’ weight maintenance diet (WM). Paired samples of sGAT and sAAT were obtained before and at the end of VLCD and WM periods. mRNA expression of 17 genes (macrophage markers, cytokines) was measured using RT-qPCR on chip-platform. At baseline, there were no differences in gene expression of macrophage markers and cytokines between sGAT and sAAT. The dynamic changes induced by DI were similar in both depots for all genes except for three cytokines (IL6, IL10, CCL2) that differed in their response during weight maintenance phase. The results show that, in obese women, there are no major differences between sGAT and sAAT in expression of inflammation-related genes at baseline conditions and in response to the weight-reducing DI.

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Sex Differences in Metabolic Recuperation After Weight Loss in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.796661 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Santiago Guerra-Cantera ◽

Laura M. Frago ◽

Roberto Collado-Pérez ◽

Sandra Canelles ◽

Purificación Ros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

High Fat ◽

Obesity Epidemic ◽

Igf System ◽

Males And Females

Dietary intervention is a common tactic employed to curtail the current obesity epidemic. Changes in nutritional status alter metabolic hormones such as insulin or leptin, as well as the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, but little is known about restoration of these parameters after weight loss in obese subjects and if this differs between the sexes, especially regarding the IGF system. Here male and female mice received a high fat diet (HFD) or chow for 8 weeks, then half of the HFD mice were changed to chow (HFDCH) for 4 weeks. Both sexes gained weight (p < 0.001) and increased their energy intake (p < 0.001) and basal glycemia (p < 0.5) on the HFD, with these parameters normalizing after switching to chow but at different rates in males and females. In both sexes HFD decreased hypothalamic NPY and AgRP (p < 0.001) and increased POMC (p < 0.001) mRNA levels, with all normalizing in HFDCH mice, whereas the HFD-induced decrease in ObR did not normalize (p < 0.05). All HFD mice had abnormal glucose tolerance tests (p < 0.001), with males clearly more affected, that normalized when returned to chow. HFD increased insulin levels and HOMA index (p < 0.01) in both sexes, but only HFDCH males normalized this parameter. Returning to chow normalized the HFD-induced increase in circulating leptin (p < 0.001), total IGF1 (p < 0.001), IGF2 (p < 0.001, only in females) and IGFBP3 (p < 0.001), whereas free IGF1 levels remained elevated (p < 0.01). In males IGFBP2 decreased with HFD and normalized with chow (p < 0.001), with no changes in females. Although returning to a healthy diet improved of most metabolic parameters analyzed, fIGF1 levels remained elevated and hypothalamic ObR decreased in both sexes. Moreover, there was sex differences in both the response to HFD and the switch to chow including circulating levels of IGF2 and IGFBP2, factors previously reported to be involved in glucose metabolism. Indeed, glucose metabolism was also differentially modified in males and females, suggesting that these observations could be related.

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