Metformin does not prevent DNA damage in lymphocytes despite its antioxidant properties against cumene hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress

2006 ◽  
Vol 611 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilhan Onaran ◽  
Gulgun S. Guven ◽  
Sule Beyhan Ozdaş ◽  
Gonul Kanigur ◽  
Suphi Vehid
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Cumene Hydroperoxide

Oxidative DNA damage is associated with antidepressant use, not depression or anxiety disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s219-s219
Author(s):  
C. Black ◽  
M. Bot ◽  
P. Scheffer ◽  
B. Penninx
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionOxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders and may be influenced by antidepressant use.ObjectivesThis study investigated the association of oxidative stress, measured by plasma levels of F2-isoprostanes and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), reflecting oxidative lipid and DNA damage respectively, with major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia and antidepressant use in a large cohort.MethodsData was derived from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety including patients with current (n = 1641) or remitted (n = 610) MDD and/or anxiety disorder(s) (of which n = 709 antidepressant users) and 633 controls. Diagnoses were established with the Composite Interview Diagnostic Instrument. Plasma 8-OHdG and F2-isoprostanes were measured using UHPLC-MS/MS. ANCOVA was performed adjusting for sampling, sociodemographic, health and lifestyle variables.ResultsF2-isoprostanes did not differ between controls and patients, or by antidepressant use. Patients (current or remitted) using antidepressants had lower 8-OHdG (adjusted mean 38.3 pmol/L) compared to patients (current or remitted) without antidepressants (44.7 pmol/L) and controls (44.9 pmol/L, P < 0.001; Cohen's d 0.26). Findings for 8-OHdG were similar over all disorders and all antidepressant types (SSRIs, TCAs, SNRIs; P < 0.001).ConclusionContrary to previous findings this large-scale study did not find increased oxidative stress measured by F2-isoprostanes or 8-OHdG in MDD or anxiety disorders. 8-OHdG levels were lower in antidepressant users, which suggests antidepressants may have antioxidant properties.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The Salutary Effects of Catalpol on Diesel Exhaust Particles-Induced Thrombogenic Changes and Cardiac Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis

Biomedicines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Abderrahim Nemmar ◽  
Sumaya Beegam ◽  
Nur Elena Zaaba ◽  
Salem Alblooshi ◽  
Saleh Alseiari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Diesel Exhaust Particles ◽  
Cardiovascular Toxicity ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Exhaust Particles

Inhaled particulate air pollution exerts pulmonary inflammation and cardiovascular toxicity through secondary systemic effects due to oxidative stress and inflammation. Catalpol, an iridiod glucoside, extracted from the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Yet, the potential ameliorative effects of catalpol on particulate air pollution—induced cardiovascular toxicity, has not been studied so far. Hence, we evaluated the possible mitigating mechanism of catalpol (5 mg/kg) which was administered to mice by intraperitoneal injection one hour before the intratracheal (i.t.) administration of a relevant type of pollutant particle, viz. diesel exhaust particles (DEPs, 30 µg/mouse). Twenty-four hours after the lung deposition of DEPs, several cardiovascular endpoints were evaluated. DEPs caused a significant shortening of the thrombotic occlusion time in pial microvessels in vivo, induced platelet aggregation in vitro, and reduced the prothrombin time and the activated partial thromboplastin time. All these actions were effectively mitigated by catalpol pretreatment. Likewise, catalpol inhibited the increase of the plasma concentration of C-reactive proteins, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and P- and E-selectins, induced by DEPs. Moreover, in heart tissue, catalpol inhibited the increase of markers of oxidative (lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase) and nitrosative (nitric oxide) stress, and inflammation (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β) triggered by lung exposure to DEPs. Exposure to DEPs also caused heart DNA damage and increased the levels of cytochrome C and cleaved caspase, and these effects were significantly diminished by the catalpol pretreatment. Moreover, catalpol significantly reduced the DEPs-induced increase of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) in the heart. In conclusion, catalpol significantly ameliorated DEPs–induced procoagulant events and heart oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, DNA damage and apoptosis, at least partly, through the inhibition of NFκB activation.

Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Urinary and Salivary Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Bipolar Patients During the Depressive Episode

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-672
Author(s):  
Seyyede-Nadia Hosseini-Ghalibaf ◽  
Akram Ranjbar ◽  
Fatemeh Yasrebifar ◽  
Ehsan Mirzaei ◽  
Mahtabalsadat Mirjalili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Salivary Level ◽  
Psychosocial Disability ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background: Although depression is the predominant phase in Bipolar Disorder (BPD) and causes the most psychosocial disability, optimal pharmacotherapy of bipolar depression is not known yet. Advances in research on BPD neurobiology have demonstrated that oxidative toxic stress (OTS) may be involved in the pathophysiology of BPD. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of adjuvant CoQ10, supplement with potent antioxidant properties, on salivary and urinary OTS biomarkers in patients with BPD during the depressive episode. Material and Methods: 89 BPD patients with current depressive episode were allocated into either CoQ10 (200 mg/day) or placebo group by block randomization method. The salivary and urinary levels of OTS biomarkers including Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and DNA damage were measured at baseline and 8 weeks after treatment. Results: At baseline, urinary and salivary levels of TAC and DNA damage were statistically comparable between the two groups. After 8 weeks treatment with CoQ10, patients showed significantly higher increment in urinary TAC level compared to placebo, while salivary level of TAC did not display significant differences between the two groups. Although changes in salivary and urinary DNA damage levels were greater in CoQ10 group, the changes reached significant level only in the urine sample. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CoQ10 can improve OTS status in BPD patients during depressive episode. As activation of oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms responsible for BPD, it seems that CoQ10 due to its proven antioxidant properties, as add on therapy to standard treatment may be a promising agent in treating bipolar depression.

scholarly journals Nepenthes Ethyl Acetate Extract Provides Oxidative Stress-Dependent Anti-Leukemia Effects

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1410
Author(s):  
Wangta Liu ◽  
Li-Ching Lin ◽  
Pei-Ju Wang ◽  
Yan-Ning Chen ◽  
Sheng-Chieh Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Leukemia Cells ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Depolarization ◽  
Stress Dependent

Several kinds of solvents have been applied to Nepenthes extractions exhibiting antioxidant and anticancer effects. However, they were rarely investigated for Nepenthes ethyl acetate extract (EANT), especially leukemia cells. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties and explore the antiproliferation impact and mechanism of EANT in leukemia cells. Five standard assays demonstrated that EANT exhibits antioxidant capability. In the cell line model, EANT dose-responsively inhibited cell viabilities of three leukemia cell lines (HL-60, K-562, and MOLT-4) based on 24 h MTS assays, which were reverted by pretreating oxidative stress and apoptosis inhibitors (N-acetylcysteine and Z-VAD-FMK). Due to similar sensitivities among the three cell lines, leukemia HL-60 cells were chosen for exploring antiproliferation mechanisms. EANT caused subG1 and G1 cumulations, triggered annexin V-detected apoptosis, activated apoptotic caspase 3/7 activity, and induced poly ADP-ribose polymerase expression. Moreover, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization were generated by EANT, which was reverted by N-acetylcysteine. The antioxidant response to oxidative stress showed that EANT upregulated mRNA expressions for nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2), catalase (CAT), thioredoxin (TXN), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) genes. Moreover, these oxidative stresses led to DNA damage (γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) and were alleviated by N-acetylcysteine. Taken together, EANT demonstrated oxidative stress-dependent anti-leukemia ability to HL-60 cells associated with apoptosis and DNA damage.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antiproliferative Potential of Sideritis raeseri subps. raeseri Essential Oil

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregoria Mitropoulou ◽  
Marianthi Sidira ◽  
Myria Skitsa ◽  
Ilias Tsochantaridis ◽  
Aglaia Pappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Cytoprotective Activity

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial potential of Sideritis raeseri subps. raeseri essential oil (EO) against common food spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms and evaluate its antioxidant and antiproliferative activity. The EO was isolated by steam distillation and analyzed by GC/MS. The main constituents identified were geranyl-p-cymene (25.08%), geranyl-γ-terpinene (15.17%), and geranyl-linalool (14.04%). Initially, its activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Pseudomonas fragi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus niger was screened by the disk diffusion method. Subsequently, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), non-inhibitory concentration (NIC), and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) values were determined. Growth inhibition of all microorganisms tested was documented, although it was significantly lower compared to gentamycin, ciproxin, and voriconazole, which were used as positive controls. In a next step, its direct antioxidant properties were examined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, and the IC50 values were determined. The potential cytoprotective activity of the oil against H2O2–induced oxidative stress and DNA damage was studied in human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells using the comet assay. Finally, the antiproliferative activity of the oil was evaluated against a panel of cancer cell lines including A375, Caco2, PC3, and DU145 and the non-cancerous HaCaT cell line using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, and the EC50 values were determined. The oil demonstrated weak radical scavenging activity, noteworthy cytoprotective activity against H2O2–induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in HaCaT cells, and antiproliferative activity against all cell lines tested, being more sensitive against the in vitro model of skin melanoma.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and DNA Repair Stimulating Effect of Extracts from Transformed and Normal Roots ofRhaponticum carthamoidesagainst Induced Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in CHO Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Skała ◽  
Przemysław Sitarek ◽  
Marek Różalski ◽  
Urszula Krajewska ◽  
Janusz Szemraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Grown Plant

Rhaponticum carthamoideshas a long tradition of use in Siberian folk medicine. The roots and rhizomes of this species are used in various dietary supplements or nutraceutical preparations to increase energy level or eliminate physical weakness. This is the first report to reveal the protective and DNA repair stimulating abilities ofR. carthamoidesroot extracts in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells exposed to an oxidative agent. Both transformed root extract (TR extract) and extract of soil-grown plant roots (NR extract) may be responsible for stimulating CHO cells to repair oxidatively induced DNA damage, but CHO cells stimulated with extract from the transformed roots demonstrated significantly stronger properties than cells treated with the soil-grown plant root extract. These differences in biological activity may be attributed to the differences in the content of phenolic compounds in these root extracts. Preincubation of the CHO cells with TR and NR extracts showed an increase in gene expression and protein levels of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD2).R. carthamoidesmay possess antioxidant properties that protect CHO cells against oxidative stress.

scholarly journals The Antioxidant Effects of a Polyphenol-Rich Grape Pomace ExtractIn VitroDo Not CorrespondIn VivoUsing Exercise as an Oxidant Stimulus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristidis S. Veskoukis ◽  
Antonios Kyparos ◽  
Michalis G. Nikolaidis ◽  
Dimitrios Stagos ◽  
Nektarios Aligiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Essential Food

Fruits, such as grapes, are essential food of the Mediterranean diet. Grape extracts have potent antioxidant and chemopreventive propertiesin vitro. Numerous studies have examined the effects of plant extract administration on redox status at rest in animals and humans but their results are controversial. However, there are no studies comparing thein vitroandin vivoeffects of plant extracts on oxidative stress using exercise as an oxidant stimulus. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether a polyphenol-rich grape pomace extract of theVitis viniferaspecies possessesin vitroantioxidant properties and to examine whether these properties apply in anin vivomodel at rest and during exercise. Our findings indicate that the tested extract exhibits potentin vitroantioxidant properties because it scavenges the DPPH•and ABTS•+radicals and inhibits DNA damage induced by peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals. Administration of the extract in rats generally induced oxidative stress at rest and after exercise whereas exercise performance was not affected. Our findings suggest that the grape pomace extract does not behave with the same wayin vitroandin vivo.

Serum of 8-OHdG as a potential biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in workers exposed to harmful working environments

2020 ◽  
pp. 783-783
Author(s):  
I. A. Umnyagina ◽  
L. A. Strakhova ◽  
T. V. Blinova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
High Level ◽  
Damage Marker

In the blood serum of 70% individuals exposed to harmful factors of the working environment, a high level of oxidative stress and the DNA damage marker 8-Hydroxy-2’-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were detected.

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