Mechanical performance of styrene-butadiene-rubber filled with carbon nanoparticles prepared by mechanical mixing

Abstract Five styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/clay nanocomposite or hybrid systems were synthesized via mechanical mixing of SBR using a Brabender mixer and a 2-roll mill in the presence of unmodified sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) clay, MMT modified with octadecylamine (C18amine), MMT modified with a zwitterionic surfactant, octadecyldimethyl betaine (C18DMB), and MMT modified with a polymerizable cationic surfactant, vinylbenzyl octadecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (VODAC) or vinylbenzyl dodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (VDAC). The surfactant chain length and functional groups affected the dispersion of clay nanolayers in the matrix and the overall properties of the nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed peaks corresponding to intercalated structures; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations agreed well with XRD assessment of the composites. SBR/VODAC-MMT system exhibited the best dispersion among the nanocomposites studied. VODAC-MMT was partially exfoliated in SBR matrix and the average aspect ratio of the nanolayer stacks or aggregates was high (20). Depending on the amount of clay, considerable mechanical reinforcement and gas barrier enhancement were achieved in nanocomposites over pure rubber. Tensile strength in excess of 18MPa was observed in SBR nanocomposites with 30 phr C18 organoclays. The storage modulus at 25C increased by a factor of four by incorporating 10 phr VODAC-MMT in SBR. The most pronounced oxygen barrier enhancement was again observed in SBR/VODAC-MMT nanocomposite with the reduction of permeability by 60% at silicate volume fraction of 0.06. The superior performance of nanocomposites containing VODAC-MMT is attributed to the presence of the vinyl-benzyl group and 18 carbon-atom tail in the surfactant leading to high compatibility with SBR and nano-scale dispersion in the SBR matrix.

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PHASE SELECTIVE LOCALIZATION OF FILLER IN TERNARY RUBBER BLENDS

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3524404 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 41-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

H. H. Le ◽

S. Ilisch ◽

D. Heidenreich ◽

K. Osswald ◽

H-J. Radusch

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Performance ◽

Mixing Time ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Subsequent Stage ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Rubber Blends ◽

Selective Localization ◽

Styrene Butadiene

Abstract The present work introduces a new concept based on the analysis of the rubber–filler gel for the determination of the phase selective filler localization in ternary rubber blends. Natural rubber (NR)/styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR)/ethylene–propylene rubber (EPDM) blends filled with silica were the focus of the experimental investigations. Because of the higher wetting rate of the NR component to silica, in the first stage of the preparation of SBR/NR/EPDM blends, more silica is found in the NR phase than in the SBR and EPDM phase. In the subsequent stage, silica is transferred from the NR phase to the SBR phase until the loosely bound NR-layer at the silica surface is fully replaced by SBR molecules. An extremely low amount of silica was found in the EPDM phase because of the poor EPDM–silica interaction. After a long mixing time, a large amount of silica whose surface was not yet wetted by any rubber phase could be found in the composites that can lead to fatal effects on the mechanical performance of the composites.

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Effects of MAH/St grafted nanocellulose on the properties of carbon reinforced styrene butadiene rubber

Journal of Polymer Engineering ◽

10.1515/polyeng-2018-0228 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 450-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yingni Xu ◽

Caixin Li ◽

Ju Gu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Performance ◽

Interfacial Interaction ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Strong Interfacial Interaction ◽

Processing Properties ◽

Styrene Butadiene ◽

Vulcanization Process ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Sem Analyses

Abstract Nanocellulose was extracted from bagasse (bagasse nanocellulose, BNC) by hydrolysis with alkali and acid, then grafted by maleic anhydride (MAH) and styrene (St). The modified nanocellulose (BMS) was further investigated to partially replace carbon black (CB) in St butadiene rubber (SBR) composites via coagulation to prepare SBR/BMS/CB composites. Through the comparison of the vulcanization characteristics, processing properties, mechanical properties, and dynamic mechanical performance of them, BMS proved to be more efficient than BNC. The results showed that BMS could activate the vulcanization process, suppress the Payne effect, and increase the modulus and hardness. Moreover, a fine BMS dispersion and strong interfacial interaction were achieved in SBR/BMS/CB composites. The observed reinforcement effects were evaluated based on the results of G′, tanδ and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of SBR/BMS/CB in comparison with SBR/BNC/CB composites.

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The Effect of Bis(3-Triethoxysilylpropyl) Tetrasulfide on Silica Reinforcement of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3538485 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 289-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 141

Author(s):

A. S. Hashim ◽

B. Azahari ◽

Y. Ikeda ◽

S. Kohjiya

Keyword(s):

Fine Particles ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Mechanical Mixing ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Curing Characteristics ◽

Sol Gel Process ◽

Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT) was found to affect the curing characteristics and the physical properties of styrene-butadiene (SBR) gum rubber and xin situ silica-filled SBR vulcanizates. Silica incorporated by the in situ sol-gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane with TESPT showed a much higher reinforcing efficiency than did conventional mechanical mixing and the in situ method without TESPT. The higher reinforcing efficiency is attributed to the formation of a silica-rubber network, which also changed the dynamic mechanical behavior of the SBR vulcanizates. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed in situ silica incorporation of very fine particles in comparison to the sol-gel process without TESPT.

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Incorporation and optimization of RGO and GO in SSBR/NR composites expands their applicability

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/09673911211001711 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096739112110017

Author(s):

Guangyi Lin ◽

Hong Wang ◽

Boquan Yu ◽

Shouyi Liu ◽

Zhenning Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Practical Application ◽

Mechanical Mixing ◽

Maximum Torque ◽

Simple Method ◽

Wearable Electronic ◽

Wearable Electronic Devices ◽

Styrene Butadiene

Natural rubber (NR) has poor mechanical properties, which limits its practical application. Filler blending is a simple method that improves the inherent properties of natural rubber and expand its applicability. Using the mechanical mixing process, the effects of graphene oxide (GO) and redox graphene (rGO) on the physical properties, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and air permeability of styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR)/NR composites were studied. The results show that rGO exhibits efficient filler properties in various aspects, for example, the optimal filling amount of rGO and GO was 1.5 phr. In addition, rGO filled SSBR/NR composites showed satisfactory filler dispersibility. Notably, the better dispersibility of rGO was because of fewer hydrophilic functional groups on the surface which were difficult to agglomerate. The increase of rGO and GO content increased the maximum torque (MH) and minimum torque (ML) of the composite material, and decreases tc90 and tc10. The Payne effect of GO/SSBR/NR composites is more obvious than that of rGO/SSBR/NR composites. In addition, we found that the content of rGO (GO) reached saturation at 2phr. Notably, rGO and GO improved the properties of rGO filled SSBR/NR composites such as the tensile strength of rGO/SSBR/NR composites to 23.9 MPa. This shows the potential application of SSBR/NR composites in wearable electronic devices.

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Recycling of Waste Tyre into Silica-Rubber Compounds for Green Tyre Application

10.21203/rs.3.rs-460181/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joyeeta Ghosh ◽

Sakrit Hait ◽

Soumyajit Ghorai ◽

Dipankar Mondal ◽

Gert Heinrich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Large Scale ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Value Added ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Scale Production ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Rubber Compounds ◽

Styrene Butadiene ◽

Devulcanized Rubber

Abstract The prevention of detrimental effects to environment, owing to generation of a huge amount of rubber wastes, is a big challenge across the globe that warrants a thorough investigation of recycling and reuses waste of rubber products. In this spirit a sustainable development of a devulcanization process along with the production of value added devulcanized rubber is a task of hours. The present work describes a simultaneous devulcanization and chemical functionalisation process of waste solution styrene butadiene rubber (S-SBR). This kind of rubber is generally used as the main polymer component in silica filled tread rubber compounds for high-performance passenger car tyres. As-grown ethoxy groups on the functionalized devulcanized styrene butadiene rubber (D-SBR) are exploited for the coupling between silica and the devulcanized rubber chains. We compare the mechanical and dynamic mechanical performance of D-SBR with that of virgin SBR control composites. Covalently bonding interfaces developed from the pendent ethoxy groups of D-SBR and silanol groups on the silica surface offer a competitive and promising performance of the D-SBR based composites. We conclude that the present approach can be further utilized for the large-scale production of different rubber products with satisfied elastomeric performance.

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Crystallization of cis- and trans-1,4-Polyisoprene Dispersed in SBR

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3538512 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 837-845 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. N. Gent ◽

S. Kawahara

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Continuous Phase ◽

Degree Of Crystallinity ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Mechanical Mixing ◽

Avrami Index ◽

Cis And Trans ◽

Styrene Butadiene ◽

Final Degree

Abstract Crystallization of natural rubber (NR) and trans-1,4-polyisoprene (TPI) in blends with styrene—butadiene rubber (SBR) has been studied dilatometrically. For TPI, the melting temperature and Avrami index of crystallization kinetics were unchanged by blending with SBR. However, the rate of crystallization was decreased significantly when only 1 wt % of SBR was added, and much more so for amounts large enough to constitute the continuous phase. These reductions in rate are attributed to two effects: chemical changes in TPI during mechanical mixing, and restricted nucleation in small TPI particles. Similar effects were noted for NR blended with SBR. When solution-blended as a 30/70 mixture with SBR, crystallization of the NR fraction was about 9 times slower than for NR itself, and the rate was reduced still further when mixing was more thorough. However, when NR and SBR were mixed mechanically, the rate of crystallization of the NR fraction was not reduced much although the Avrami index and final degree of crystallinity were significantly lower. These effects suggest that the NR particles are strained during mechanical mixing and do not recover afterwards.

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