scholarly journals Brain tissues have single-voxel signatures in multi-spectral MRI

NeuroImage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 117986
Author(s):  
Alexander German ◽  
Angelika Mennecke ◽  
Jan Martin ◽  
Jannis Hanspach ◽  
Andrzej Liebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Voxel ◽  
Brain Tissues

In Vivo Single Voxel 1H MR Spectroscopy in Cerebral Glioma

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
In Chan Song ◽  
Kee Hyun Chang ◽  
Moon Hee Han ◽  
Hee Won Jung ◽  
Dong Sung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mr Spectroscopy ◽  
Cerebral Glioma ◽  
1H Mr Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Voxel

Characterization of Ischemic Stroke in CT Images using Image Processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Amal Alzain ◽  
Suhaib Alameen ◽  
Rani Elmaki ◽  
Mohamed E. M. Gar-Elnabi
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Gray Level ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Interactive Data ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Tissues

This study concern to characterize the brain tissues to ischemic stroke, gray matter, white matter and CSF using texture analysisto extract classification features from CT images. The First Order Statistic techniques included sevenfeatures. To find the gray level variation in CT images it complements the FOS features extracted from CT images withgray level in pixels and estimate the variation of thesubpatterns. analyzing the image with Interactive Data Language IDL software to measure the grey level of images. The results show that the Gray Level variation and   features give classification accuracy of ischemic stroke 97.6%, gray matter95.2%, white matter 97.3% and the CSF classification accuracy 98.0%. The overall classification accuracy of brain tissues 97.0%.These relationships are stored in a Texture Dictionary that can be later used to automatically annotate new CT images with the appropriate brain tissues names.

Effect of alkaloid extracted from Huperzia phlegmaria on cognitive deficits scopolamine-induced in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dang Kim Thu ◽  
Dao Thi Vui ◽  
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Huyen ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Huyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Ache Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Kinetic Inhibition ◽  
Brain Tissues

Background: Huperzia phlegmaria has been used for the treatment of neurological disorder. Alkaloids are main bioactive compounds found in Huperzia phlegmaria. We aimed to investigate the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity in vitro of Huperzia phlegmaria alkaloid extract (HpAE) and protective effects on mice which were induced cognitive deficits by scopolamine. Methods: AChE inhibitory activity and kinetic inhibition mechanism was investigated by Ellman's assay. Mice were administrated orally HpAE (30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg) for fourteen days, and injected scopolamine at a dose of 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally for four days to induce cognitive impairment. The Y-maze and the Morris water maze were used for evaluating the memory behaviors. Acetylcholine (ACh) levels and AChE activity were measured in brain tissue. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) groups were also evaluated in the mouse brain tissues. Results: Our data showed that HpAE had the strong AChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 5.12 ± 0.48 μg/mL in a concentration-dependent manner. Kinetic inhibition analysis demonstrated that HpPAE inhibited AChE followed the mixed inhibition type with Ki (representing the affinity of the enzyme and inhibitor) was 4.37 ± 0.35 µg/mL. Scopolamine induced the cognitive impairment in Morris Water Maze and Y-maze test along with reduced brain levels of ACh and antioxidant enzyme and increased AChE activity in mouse brain tissues. Treatment with HpAE at both dose (30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg) decreased the SCP-induced cognitive impairment in both behavioral tests along with decreased acetylcholinesterase activity and MDA level, and increased ACh level and antioxidant enzyme in mouse brain tissues. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the HpAE at both dose (30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg) may be used for prevent and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals Detection of clustered anomalies in single-voxel morphometry as a rapid automated method for identifying intracranial aneurysms

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 101888
Author(s):  
Mark C. Allenby ◽  
Ee Shern Liang ◽  
James Harvey ◽  
Maria A. Woodruff ◽  
Marita Prior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Single Voxel

Effect of sterilization methods on the mechanical stability and extracellular matrix constituents of decellularized brain tissues

2021 ◽  
pp. 105299
Author(s):  
Burcu Yaldiz ◽  
Pelin Saglam-Metiner ◽  
Sefa Burak Cam ◽  
Petek Korkusuz ◽  
Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Brain Tissues

scholarly journals A hSCARB2-transgenic mouse model for Coxsackievirus A16 pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Chen ◽  
Heng Li ◽  
Jinxi Yang ◽  
Huiwen Zheng ◽  
Lei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Coxsackievirus A16 ◽  
Class B ◽  
Suitable Animal Model ◽  
Limited Host Range ◽  
Brain Tissues

Abstract Background Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) is one of the neurotropic pathogen that has been associated with severe neurological forms of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), but its pathogenesis is not yet clear. The limited host range of CA16 make the establishment of a suitable animal model that can recapitulate the neurological pathology observed in human HFMD more difficult. Because the human scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (hSCARB2) is a cellular receptor for CA16, we used transgenic mice bearing human SCARB2 and nasally infected them with CA16 to study the pathogenicity of the virus. Methods Coxsackievirus A16 was administered by intranasal instillation to groups of hSCARB2 transgenic mice and clinical signs were observed. Sampled at different time-points to document and characterize the mode of viral dissemination, pathological change and immune response of CA16 infection. Results Weight loss and virus replication in lung and brain were observed in hSCARB2 mice infected with CA16, indicating that these animals could model the neural infection process. Viral antigens were observed in the alveolar epithelia and brainstem cells. The typical histopathology was interstitial pneumonia with infiltration of significant lymphocytes into the alveolar interstitial in lung and diffuse punctate hemorrhages in the capillaries of the brainstem. In addition, we detected the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and detected high levels of interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and IFN-γ in nasal mucosa, lungs and brain tissues. Conclusions The hSCARB2-transgenic mice can be productively infected with CA16 via respiratory route and exhibited a clear tropism to lung and brain tissues, which can serve as a model to investigate the pathogenesis of CA16 associated respiratory and neurological disease.

Single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy of right versus left hippocampi in PTSD

2003 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mohanakrishnan Menon ◽  
Henry A. Nasrallah ◽  
Judith A. Lyons ◽  
Mertis F. Scott ◽  
Vincent Liberto
Keyword(s):  
Mr Spectroscopy ◽  
Proton Mr Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Voxel

scholarly journals Transcriptome-wide Mendelian randomization study prioritising novel tissue-dependent genes for glioma susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie W. Robinson ◽  
Richard M. Martin ◽  
Spiridon Tsavachidis ◽  
Amy E. Howell ◽  
Caroline L. Relton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Glioma Risk ◽  
Brain Tissues

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered 27 loci associated with glioma risk. Whether these loci are causally implicated in glioma risk, and how risk differs across tissues, has yet to be systematically explored. We integrated multi-tissue expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and glioma GWAS data using a combined Mendelian randomisation (MR) and colocalisation approach. We investigated how genetically predicted gene expression affects risk across tissue type (brain, estimated effective n = 1194 and whole blood, n = 31,684) and glioma subtype (all glioma (7400 cases, 8257 controls) glioblastoma (GBM, 3112 cases) and non-GBM gliomas (2411 cases)). We also leveraged tissue-specific eQTLs collected from 13 brain tissues (n = 114 to 209). The MR and colocalisation results suggested that genetically predicted increased gene expression of 12 genes were associated with glioma, GBM and/or non-GBM risk, three of which are novel glioma susceptibility genes (RETREG2/FAM134A, FAM178B and MVB12B/FAM125B). The effect of gene expression appears to be relatively consistent across glioma subtype diagnoses. Examining how risk differed across 13 brain tissues highlighted five candidate tissues (cerebellum, cortex, and the putamen, nucleus accumbens and caudate basal ganglia) and four previously implicated genes (JAK1, STMN3, PICK1 and EGFR). These analyses identified robust causal evidence for 12 genes and glioma risk, three of which are novel. The correlation of MR estimates in brain and blood are consistently low which suggested that tissue specificity needs to be carefully considered for glioma. Our results have implicated genes yet to be associated with glioma susceptibility and provided insight into putatively causal pathways for glioma risk.

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