scholarly journals Cognitive reserve and cognitive performance of patients with focal frontal lesions

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. MacPherson ◽  
Colm Healy ◽  
Michael Allerhand ◽  
Barbara Spanò ◽  
Carina Tudor-Sfetea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Frontal Lesions

scholarly journals Cognitive Reserve Proxies Do Not Differentially Account for Cognitive Performance in Patients with Focal Frontal and Non-Frontal Lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 739-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. MacPherson ◽  
Michael Allerhand ◽  
Sarah Gharooni ◽  
Daniela Smirni ◽  
Tim Shallice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Lesion Group ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cognitive Measure ◽  
Frontal Lesions ◽  
Naming Performance

AbstractObjective:Cognitive reserve (CR) suggests that premorbid efficacy, aptitude, and flexibility of cognitive processing can aid the brain’s ability to cope with change or damage. Our previous work has shown that age and literacy attainment predict the cognitive performance of frontal patients on frontal-executive tests. However, it remains unknown whether CR also predicts the cognitive performance of non-frontal patients.Method:We investigated the independent effect of a CR proxy, National Adult Reading Test (NART) IQ, as well as age and lesion group (frontal vs. non-frontal) on measures of executive function, intelligence, processing speed, and naming in 166 patients with focal, unilateral frontal lesions; 91 patients with focal, unilateral non-frontal lesions; and 136 healthy controls.Results:Fitting multiple linear regression models for each cognitive measure revealed that NART IQ predicted executive, intelligence, and naming performance. Age also significantly predicted performance on the executive and processing speed tests. Finally, belonging to the frontal group predicted executive and naming performance, while membership of the non-frontal group predicted intelligence.Conclusions:These findings suggest that age, lesion group, and literacy attainment play independent roles in predicting cognitive performance following stroke or brain tumour. However, the relationship between CR and focal brain damage does not differ in the context of frontal and non-frontal lesions.

scholarly journals Moderating Effect of Cognitive Reserve on Brain Integrity and Cognitive Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 285-285
Author(s):  
Monica Nelson ◽  
Ross Andel ◽  
Julie Martinkova ◽  
Kateřina Čechová ◽  
Hana Marková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Dementia is arguably the most devastating condition of older adulthood with treatment options still elusive. Alzheimer’s is the most prevalent form of dementia where cognitive deficits relate strongly to underlying brain pathology. However, there exist cases in which cognitive performance does not match the corresponding level of neuropathology. Attempts to explain this phenomenon often include the concept of cognitive reserve (CR), whereby greater CR (e.g., more education or higher occupational position) presumably results in less impairment relative to the extent of pathology early in disease progression but also greater impairment once cognitive symptoms manifest. We examined the influence of CR proxy variables (education and occupation) on the relationship between hippocampal volume and cognitive performance on tests of executive control and memory using data from the Czech Brain Aging Study (CBAS). Participants were cognitively normal/with subjective cognitive decline but without actual impairment (CN; n=115; M(age)=66.43; M(education)=15.90; 37 men) or had amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI; n=165; M(age)=71.37; M(education)=14.92; 85 men). We found that hippocampal volume was significantly related to executive control (b=-.0001, p=.03) and memory (b=.0002, p<.001) for participants with aMCI, but only memory (b=.0002, p=.03) for CN participants. Occupational position moderated the association between memory and hippocampal volume in aMCI, with the result approaching significance (p=.07), whereby a greater link between memory problems and hippocampal atrophy was present in those previously in high occupational positions. No other moderations for occupational position or education emerged (ps>.25). We found evidence for the concept of CR using occupational position as proxy.

scholarly journals Motivation as a Mediator of the Relation Between Cognitive Reserve and Cognitive Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1205
Author(s):  
Fanny Vallet ◽  
Nathalie Mella ◽  
Andreas Ihle ◽  
Marine Beaudoin ◽  
Delphine Fagot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Global Measure ◽  
Interindividual Differences

Abstract Objectives Interindividual differences in cognitive aging may be explained by differences in cognitive reserve (CR) that are built up across the life span. A plausible but underresearched mechanism for these differences is that CR helps compensating cognitive decline by enhancing motivation to cope with challenging cognitive situations. Theories of motivation on cognition suggest that perceived capacity and intrinsic motivation may be key mediators in this respect. Method In 506 older adults, we assessed CR proxies (education, occupation, leisure activities), motivation (perceived capacity, intrinsic motivation), and a global measure of cognitive functioning. Results Perceived capacity, but not intrinsic motivation, significantly mediated the relation between CR and cognitive performance. Discussion Complementary with neurobiological and cognitive processes, our results suggest a more comprehensive view of the role of motivational aspects built up across the life span in determining differences in cognitive performance in old age.

scholarly journals Cognitive reserve in elderly: neuropsychological aspects and the education role in the latest findings

2015 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
João Gabriel Magalhães Dias ◽  
Pablo Rodrigo Andrade da Silva ◽  
Tânia Corrêa de Toledo Ferraz Alvez
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Print Exposure ◽  
Cognitive Markers

The elderly population is growing worldwide, and therefore cognitive decline and dementia is a major problem for healthcare system. However, many elders do not develop dementia or significant cognitive impairment even though present brain lesions, such as cortical atrophy and/or lesions, leading to the concept of Cognitive Reserve (CR). The main objective of this review is to establish the recent findings of CR in elderly cognition and explore some of the cognitive markers related to CR. In order to accomplish that we carried out a search for papers published either in English or Portuguese language in the last 5 years in the Medline database using as keywords cognitive reserve, elderly and aging/ageing. We filtered 14 studies that specifically approached the neuropsychological aspects (e.g, memory, attention, orientation, executive function) and reviewed them in detail. Based on these papers regarding old-aged individuals, education appears to have several implications on CR by strengthening cognitive abilities, however does not appear to impact on cognitive decline. Besides, we realized that cognitive performance is one of the form to measure CR, even though the methods cannot be standardized, which may be the cause of some varied conclusions. Regarding CR, education was the most prevalent measure, and CR seems to have a beneficial effect on executive function and episodic memory and it seems to act by both neural reserve and neural compensation. Print exposure appears as a potential variable positively related to cognitive performance and CR.

The effects of cognitive reserve and depressive symptoms on cognitive performance in major depression and bipolar disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 813-818
Author(s):  
André Ponsoni ◽  
Laura Damiani Branco ◽  
Charles Cotrena ◽  
Flávio Milman Shansis ◽  
Rochele Paz Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Reserve

scholarly journals Impact of Cognitive Reserve and Structural Connectivity on Cognitive Performance in Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Lopez-Soley ◽  
Elisabeth Solana ◽  
Eloy Martínez-Heras ◽  
Magi Andorra ◽  
Joaquim Radua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Structural Connectivity

scholarly journals Cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and cognitive performance in old age: A population‐based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanjing Li ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Tingting Hou ◽  
Lin Song ◽  
Mingqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Brain Reserve

scholarly journals Education, Occupational Class, and Cognitive Decline in Preclinical Dementia

GeroPsych ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorina Cadar ◽  
Andrea M. Piccinin ◽  
Scott M. Hofer ◽  
Boo Johansson ◽  
Graciela Muniz-Terrera
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Dementia Diagnosis ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Crystallized Abilities

Abstract. We investigated education and occupational influences as markers of cognitive reserve in relation to cognitive performance and decline on multiple fluid and crystallized abilities in preclinical dementia. From the total sample of 702 participants stemming from the OCTO-Twin Study (Sweden), aged 80+ at baseline in 1992–1993, only those who developed dementia during the study period (N = 127) were included in these analyses. Random effects models were used to examine the level of performance at the time of dementia diagnosis and the rates of decline prior to diagnosis. The results demonstrated that both fluid and crystallized abilities decline in preclinical stages, and that education and occupational class have independent moderating roles on the cognitive performance at the time of diagnosis, but not on the rates of decline.

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