Pathological risk factors stratification in pN3b oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Focus on the number of positive nodes and extranodal extension

Oral Oncology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 188-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ta Liao ◽  
Li-Yu Lee ◽  
Chuen Hsueh ◽  
Chien-Yu Lin ◽  
Kang-Hsing Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Extranodal Extension

scholarly journals Risk factors for distant metastasis in locoregionally controlled oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Tomioka ◽  
Yuko Yamagata ◽  
Yu Oikawa ◽  
Toshimitsu Ohsako ◽  
Takuma Kugimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Distant Metastasis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Extranodal Extension

AbstractThe control of distant metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma is an important determinant of improved prognosis. The study aimed to identify risk factors for distant metastasis in patients with locoregionally controlled oral carcinoma. We identified 982 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma treated at our hospital between January 2008 and December 2017. After excluding patients with distant metastasis at initial treatment, patients with metastasis to the oral cavity, those receiving palliative treatment, and those lacking follow-up data, 941 patients were selected. Finally, among these 941 patients, 887 with locoregionally controlled oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study. Among the 887 patients, 36 had confirmed distant metastasis (4.1%), and the lung was the most common site (31/36 patients, 86.1%). Multivariate analysis showed that the incidence of primary intraosseous carcinoma of the mandible, cervical lymph node metastasis at levels IV and V, and the presence of pathological extranodal extension were significant risk factors for distant metastasis. When treating patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who are positive for the aforementioned risk factors, the possibility of developing distant metastases must be accounted for, and aggressive treatment should be planned accordingly.

scholarly journals Current Role of Radiotherapy in the Management of Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
pp. 194338752097141
Author(s):  
William M. Mendenhall ◽  
Adam L. Holtzman ◽  
Roi Dagan ◽  
Curtis M. Bryant ◽  
Kathryn E. Hitchcock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Extranodal Extension ◽  
Postoperative Setting ◽  
Extent Of Disease

Study Design: Literature review. Objective: To review the current role of radiotherapy (RT) in the management of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods: Review of selected literature. Results: T1-T2N0 SCCs may be treated with either RT alone or surgery with a high likelihood of cure. The pendulum swung toward surgery with postoperative RT (PORT) added depending on the pathological findings in the mid 1980s. Patients with positive margins, extranodal extension (ENE), and/or 4 or more positive nodes receive concomitant chemotherapy (POCRT). Patients with T3-T4 and/or positive regional nodes are treated with surgery and PORT alone or POCRT. The likelihood of cure is moderate to low depending on extent of disease. The likelihood of major complications ranges from 10% to 30% depending on the method of reconstruction and the aggressiveness of postoperative PORT/POCRT. Patients with very advanced disease are treated with palliative RT, chemotherapy, or supportive care. Conclusions: The role of RT in the management of oral cavity SCC is primarily in the postoperative setting with palliative RT being reserved for those with very advanced disease where the likelihood of cure is remote.

scholarly journals Expression OF p16INK4a Gene in Premalignant and Malignant Lesions of Oral Cavity

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
R. Vijay David Raj ◽  
S. Marylilly
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Squamous cell carcinoma is the summits malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity. Tobacco and alcohol is identified as risk factors, but squamous cell carcinoma can occur in patients with no known risk factors. Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignancy and is one of the major causes of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cancer is caused due to a series of alteration in genetic and epigenetic factors that occur in multiple steps and is influenced by the genetic predisposition of the individual and by exogenous environmental factors. These factors result in a series of molecular alteration, including inactivation of tumor suppressor genes expression of p16 has been proposed as a marker for malignant transformation. The p16 staining was correlated between the control and study groups and p 16 was shown to be increasing expressed in premalignant and less expressed in malignant category and was found to be statistically significant by Fischer’s exact test. This study concluded that p16 was increasingly expressed in premalignant lesions and less expressed in malignant lesion. In the present study 9 of the control cases were p16 negative and one case showed sporadic staining. The study group I showed 1 case of sporadic staining, 6 cases of focal staining and 8 cases of diffuse staining. The study II showed 14 cases of sporadic staining, 6 cases of focal staining and 5 cases of diffuse staining. Hence variations cannot be accurately assessed, but it plays a crucial role in assessing pre-malignant lesions progressing to malignancy. To confirm this, a larger sample study is required. As advances in research have leads to greater understanding of potentially malignant lesions in the oral cavity.

Risk factors of distant metastasis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Sakamoto ◽  
Yuki Matsushita ◽  
Shin-ichi Yamada ◽  
Souich Yanamoto ◽  
Takeshi Shiraishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Distant Metastasis

scholarly journals Regional metastasis to anatomies beyond traditional neck dissection boundaries: a multi-institutional analysis focused on unconventional metastases in oral cancer patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijin Gao ◽  
Zhuowei Tian ◽  
Xiaodan Fang ◽  
Jincai Xue ◽  
Zhixiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Metastatic Lymph Nodes ◽  
Extranodal Extension ◽  
Regional Metastasis ◽  
Metastatic Lymph

Abstract Background Regional metastasis sometimes occurs in anatomies that are not included in traditional neck dissections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity (SCCOC) patients with unconventional metastatic lymph nodes (UMLNs) in sublingual, buccinator, and parotid anatomies. Methods This retrospective multi-institutional analysis of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity patients with unconventional metastatic lymph nodes was performed from January 2008 to December 2015. All the included patients received surgical treatment for unconventional metastatic lymph nodes. The end point of the study was to determine the factors influencing these patients’ survival and the corresponding solutions to improve survival. Pathological grade, contralateral metastasis, extranodal extension, and other factors were collected and analyzed by logistic regression and the Cox model. Results A total of 89 patients were identified. Among these patients, 25 (28.1%) received primary treatment, 28 (31.5%) received staged (therapeutic) neck dissections, and 36 (40.4%) had recurrent or residual diseases. Altogether, 45 patients (51%) had buccinator node metastases, 31 (35%) had sublingual metastases, 12 (14%) had parotid metastases, and 1 had both buccinator and parotid metastases. Regarding regional metastases, 31 patients (34.8%) had isolated unconventional metastatic lymph nodes. Adjuvant therapies were administered to 72 (80.9%) patients, 25 (28.1%) of whom were treated with radio-chemotherapies. The overall survival rate was 38.2%. Multivariate analysis found that the subsites of unconventional metastatic lymph nodes (P = 0.029), extranodal extension in both unconventional metastatic lymph nodes (P = 0.025) and cervical lymph nodes (P = 0.015), sites of primary or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity (P = 0.035), and types of neck dissections (P = 0.025) were significantly associated with overall survival. Conclusions Unconventional metastatic lymph nodes are uncommon, yet awareness of potential unconventional metastatic lymph nodes should be heightened. Early surgical interventions are warranted in patients with sublingual or buccinator metastases, while caution should be given to those with parotid metastases. Aggressive en bloc (in-continuity) resections may be mandatory in advanced oral cancer cases for close anatomic locations with possible buccal or sublingual metastases.

scholarly journals High-Risk TP53 Mutations Are Associated with Extranodal Extension in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1727-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad C. Sandulache ◽  
Chieko Michikawa ◽  
Pranav Kataria ◽  
Frederico O. Gleber-Netto ◽  
Diana Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Tp53 Mutations ◽  
Extranodal Extension

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ORAL LESIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Sravani Ponnada ◽  
Lakshmi Latchupatula ◽  
Tadikonda Krishna Srivathsav ◽  
Bhagyalakshmi Atla
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Oral Lesion ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Female Ratio

Background: Oral cavity is a common site for various non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Majority of lesions were neoplastic. Tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol consumption were the common risk factors implicated in the etiology of malignant oral lesions. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common lesion of the oral cavity. Aims&Objectives: To study the clinicopathological lesions of the oral cavity with respect to age, gender, location, clinical presentation, histopathological patterns and various risk factors. Materials And Methods: A retrospective study of 274 oral cavity lesions conducted for period of 2 years from January 2019 to December 2020 in the department of pathology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Results: In our study, the age range of the patients was from 3 years to 87 years. Majority of cases were seen in age group of 41- 50 years. Males were more commonly affected than females with a male to female ratio of 2.51:1. Majority of oral lesions were malignant. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common oral lesion. Tongue was the most common site involved in oral lesions. Mucocele was the commonest non-neoplastic lesion and squamous papilloma was the most common benign lesion. Leucoplakia was the most common premalignant lesion and Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest malignant lesion. Conclusion: Majority of oral lesions were malignant. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common oral lesion. Early and accurate identication of potentially malignant oral lesions is important and essential for prevention of morbidity, mortality and for proper treatment of cases. Along with clinical examination and laboratory investigations, histopathological examination is still the gold standard to establish a denitive diagnosis and for conrmation of the nature and origin of oral lesions.

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