Electronystagmography in Migraine Equivalent Syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P54-P55
Author(s):  
Massimo Dellepiane ◽  
Renzo Mora ◽  
Luciano Barettini ◽  
Barbara Crippa ◽  
Angelo Salami
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Optokinetic Stimulation ◽  
Cylindrical Chamber ◽  
Optokinetic System ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibular Ocular Reflex ◽  
Stop Test ◽  
Group A

Objective The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of electronystagmography testing in the diagnosis of vertigo in children with migraine equivalent syndrome. Methods The investigation included 20 patients, aged between 5 and 14 years and affected with an “migraine equivalent syndrome” (group A). The patients, head blocked, sat on a “Tönnies rotatory chair” which was placed in the middle of a rotatory cylindrical chamber (2 metres in diameter and 1.9 metres in height). The rotatory cylinder was driven by a direct current engine which turned it clockwise and counterclockwise, up to 200 degrees/sec., and its internal area was covered with 32 black vertical contrasts. As a control group, 50 healthy children were identified. All the subjects underwent the rotatory vestibular stimulation by Stop test, to optokinetic stimulation and to contemporary rotatory vestibular and optokinetic stimulation (VVOR). Results For the analysis of the results, we have considered nystagmus mean gain and direction of visual-vestibular-ocular-reflex (VVOR) nystagmus. In group A, all the children presented a VVOR nystagmus homodirectional to vestibular-ocular-reflex (VOR). In the control group, all the subjects presented a VVOR nystagmus homodirectional to optokinetic nystagmus. Conclusions In the healthy patients, VVOR nystagmus is always homodirectional to OKN and indicates the optokinetic system prevalence on VOR. The presence of a VVOR nystagmus homodirectional to VOR indicates the absence of the optokinetic system prevalence due to a central nervous system (CNS) modification and highlights a CNS disease. Our data highlight a possible correlation between CNS disorders and migraine equivalent syndrome.

scholarly journals An ultrasound protocol for temporomandibular joint in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. 20200399
Author(s):  
Ingrid Tonni ◽  
Andrea Borghesi ◽  
Silvia Tonesi ◽  
Giulia Fossati ◽  
Francesca Ricci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Joint Effusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Spearman Test

Objectives: As it is well known, the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in patients affected by Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is important to avoid the impairment of mandibular growth. In this context, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the gold-standard for detection of TMJ involvement, however it is expensive and requires patients’ collaboration. The aim of this study was to evaluate if ultrasound may be used as an alternative tool to investigate the acute signs of TMJ involvement in JIA patients. Methods: Lateral periarticular space (LPAS) and joint effusion were evaluated by ultrasound in a study Group A of 8 JIA children (11.6±3.5 years old) with 14 TMJs involved, as confirmed by MRI, and in a control Group B of 7 healthy children (9.3±1.2 years old) without temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The LPAS width values were compared between the two groups using the Mann–Whitney test. The ultrasound images of the JIA group were then matched with the corresponding MR images; the Spearman Rank Correlation test and the Bland–Altman test were used to evaluate the differences. Results: The LPAS values in Group A were statistically significantly higher than those in Group B (p < 0.001). There was no overlap of the LPAS values confidence intervals (CIs) between the two groups. No signs of joint effusion were identified in groups A and B. The Spearman test applied to the values of LPAS measured in ultrasound and the corresponding MR images showed a proportional positive correlation with a ρ of 0.623 and a p < 0.05. Conclusions: Ultrasound can detect differences in the TMJ features between JIA patients and healthy patients and it might be used as a follow-up tool in the assessment of TMJ involvement in subject affected by JIA.

scholarly journals Comparison of IL-17 and FOXP3+ Levels in Maternal and Children Leprosy Patients in Endemic and Nonendemic Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Flora Ramona Sigit Prakoeswa ◽  
Faradiba Maharani ◽  
Munawaroh Fitriah ◽  
Jusak Nugraha ◽  
Hardyanto Soebono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Endemic Areas

Leprosy, a chronic infection caused by M. leprae, has a complex transmission problem that makes eradication programs difficult. New cases and ongoing transmission of leprosy in endemic areas make individuals living in endemic environments vulnerable to leprosy. This can be caused by the dysregulation of immune system in individuals living in leprosy-endemic areas. Although the number of male leprosy patients is higher, female leprosy patients have more impact on the family health status due to close contact with family members, roles in the household, and parenting. This could cause the increased number of children leprosy patients. We investigated the dysregulation of immune system by comparing IL-17 and FOXP3+ levels occurring in maternal and child leprosy patients in endemic and nonendemic areas. The results of the study found a statistically significant difference in IL-17 levels between the MB leprosy patient group and the control group ( p = 0.048 ), where higher levels of IL-17 are observed in the control group. A significant difference also was found in FOXP3+ levels between the group of healthy children living in endemic and those living in nonendemic areas ( p = 0.047 ), where higher FOXP3+ is observed in the healthy children living in endemic areas group.

scholarly journals Plasma amino acid levels in a cohort of patients in Turkey with classical phenylketonuria

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Kazanasmaz Halil ◽  
Karaca Meryem
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Plasma Phenylalanine ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with phenylketonuria, the central nervous system is adversely affected by noncompliance with diet. The levels of phenylalanine and many different amino acids (AAs) in the plasma of patients with phenylketonuria can be measured simultaneously.ObjectivesTo measure the blood plasma levels of neurotransmitter AAs in a cohort of patients in Sanliurfa province, Turkey, with phenylketonuria for use as a support parameter for the follow-up of patients.MethodsThe phenylketonurics that we followed (n = 100) were divided into 2 groups according to their compliance with their dietary treatment. Plasma AA analysis results of phenylketonurics were compared with those of healthy children in a control group (n = 50).ResultsIn the diet incompliant group (n = 56), the mean levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA; 0.96 ± 1.07 μmol/L) and glycine (305.1 ± 105.19 μmol/L) were significantly higher than those in the diet compliant group (n = 44; GABA P = 0.005, glycine P < 0.001) and in the control group (GABA and glycine P < 0.001), whereas the mean levels of glutamic acid (39.01 ± 22.94 μmol/L) and asparagine (39.3 ± 16.89 μmol/L) were lower (P < 0.001) in the diet incompliant group. A positive correlation was observed between the levels of phenylalanine and GABA and glycine. A negative relationship was found between the levels of phenylalanine and glutamic acid and asparagine.ConclusionsA relationship exists between the levels of plasma phenylalanine in a cohort of phenylketonurics in Sanliurfa province, Turkey, and the levels of some excitatory and inhibitory AAs. Excitatory and inhibitory AA levels in plasma may be used as support parameters in the follow-up of patients with phenylketonuria.

scholarly journals Evaluation of hematological findings in children with Down syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1724
Author(s):  
Hakan Sarbay
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A

Background: Various hematological disorders and malignancies may be encountered with Down syndrome. In this article, hematological findings of children with Down syndrome were investigated.Methods: The hematological results of 106 Down syndrome children aged 3 months to 17 years were assessed retrospectively. The results were compared with a patient group consisting of non-DS and healthy children with a similar age range.Results: When compared with the control group, a significant difference was found between the frequencies of neutropenia, monocytosis, macrocytosis and anisocytosis. No significant difference was detected between the patients with macrocytosis and those without macrocytosis when the relation of macrocytosis with other hematological disorders was examined. On the other hand, the comparison between the groups with and without macrocytosis showed that the prevalence of acute leukemia was significantly higher in patients with Down syndrome.Conclusions: DS children with macrocytosis should be more closely monitored for myelodysplastic syndrome and acute leukemia.

scholarly journals Lying in a 3T MRI scanner induces neglect-like spatial attention bias

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Lindner ◽  
Daniel Wiesen ◽  
Hans-Otto Karnath
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
3T Mri ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Spatial Orienting ◽  
Vestibular Ocular Reflex ◽  
The Right ◽  
Straight Ahead

The static magnetic field of MRI scanners can induce a magneto-hydrodynamic stimulation of the vestibular organ (MVS). In common fMRI settings, this MVS effect leads to a vestibular ocular reflex (VOR). We asked whether – beyond inducing a VOR – putting a healthy subject in a 3T MRI scanner would also alter goal-directed spatial behavior, as is known from other types of vestibular stimulation. We investigated 17 healthy volunteers, all of which exhibited a rightward VOR inside the MRI-scanner as compared to outside-MRI conditions. More importantly, when probing the distribution of overt spatial attention inside the MRI using a visual search task, subjects scanned a region of space that was significantly shifted toward the right. An additional estimate of subjective straight-ahead orientation likewise exhibited a rightward shift. Hence, putting subjects in a 3T MRI-scanner elicits MVS-induced horizontal biases of spatial orienting and exploration, which closely mimic that of stroke patients with spatial neglect.

Comparative Analysis on Family Environment Factors in Children with Asthma and Healthy Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 245-248
Author(s):  
Ji Hong Wang ◽  
Cai Xia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Care Family ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Impact

The impact of family environmental factors on children with asthma was studied by comparatively analyzing effects of family environmental factors on children with asthma and healthy children to provide a feasible basis for the psychological care. Family Environment Scale Chinese Version (FES-CV) was used conduct a questionnaire on the family environment of 40 children with asthma and 40 healthy children. Scores of the cohesion, emotional expression, successness, entertainment and organization of children in the asthma group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while scores of contradiction were higher than those in the control group. A relatively poor family environment could affect more in children with asthma compared with healthy children, suggesting that that more attention should be paid to the improvement of children’s families and a proper targeted psychological intervention should be given to the children.

scholarly journals NEUROFEEDBACK AND EMG TRAINING COMBINING EFFICIENCY STUDY IN 6–9 YEARS OLD ADHD CHILDREN

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye. А. Sapina
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Group B ◽  
Emg Training

The research goal was to study neurofeedback and EMG combining training efficiency in ADHD children.To achieve the goal three groups were compared before and after training and six months later. Experimental group included ADHD children 6–9 years old. It was divided into two: group A trained thetabeta ratio and muscle tension decrease simultaneously while group B trained only theta-beta ratio decrease. Control group included healthy children. The results showed significant effect of combined EEG and EMG training for self-control improvement, anxiety and muscle tension decrease in comparison with standard EEG training.

scholarly journals The left ventricular myocardium in children at early stages of diabetes mellitus: Functional and morphometric parameters

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
I. G. Kuznetsova ◽  
О. V. Filaretova ◽  
T. L. Nastausheva ◽  
T. G. Stolnikova ◽  
О. V. Zazulina
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A

Its morphometric parameters (myocardial mass according to the procedure described by R. Devereuxe, end-diastolic volume and their ratio). Sixteen healthy children of the same age formed the control group. A gradual redistribution of transmitral flow to­wards the atrial systolic phase was found in children with a more than 5-year history of diabetes, which seems to be associated im­paired L V myocardial relaxation due to myocardial metabolic changes and to the occurrence of specific microangiopathies. The found changes progressed with time and correlated with the ap­pearance ofperipheral distal neuropathy. Within the first year of diabetes, there was a transient reduction in LV contractility, which appears to be associated with myocardial metabolic im­balance during the decompensation of the disease. There is a trend to LV myocardial hypertrophy 10years after the onset of the disease.

scholarly journals The Vestibulo-ocular Reflex During Active Head Motion in Chiari II Malformation

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Salman ◽  
James A. Sharpe ◽  
Linda Lillakas ◽  
Maureen Dennis ◽  
Martin J. Steinbach
Keyword(s):  
High Gain ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Chiari Ii ◽  
Age Range

Background:Chiari type II malformation (CII) is a developmental anomaly of the cerebellum and brainstem, which are important structures for processing the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). We investigated the effects of the deformity of CII on the angular VOR during active head motion.Methods:Eye and head movements were recorded using an infrared eye tracker and magnetic head tracker in 20 participants with CII [11 males, age range 8-19 years, mean (SD) 14.4 (3.2) years]. Thirty-eight age-matched healthy children and adolescents (21 males) constituted the control group. Participants were instructed to ‘look’ in darkness at the position of their thumb, placed 25 cm away, while they made horizontal and vertical sinusoidal head rotations at frequencies of about 0.5 Hz and 2 Hz. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to compare the two groups.Results:The VOR gains, the ratio of eye to head velocities, were abnormally low in two participants with CII and abnormally high in one participant with CII.Conclusion:The majority of participants with CII had normal VOR performance in this investigation. However, the deformity of CII can impair the active angular VOR in some patients with CII. Low gain is attributed to brainstem damage and high gain to cerebellar dysfunction.

Extraretinal Signals in MSTd Neurons Related to Volitional Smooth Pursuit

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 2819-2825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Ono ◽  
Michael J. Mustari
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Target Velocity ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Medial Superior Temporal ◽  
Vestibular Ocular Reflex ◽  
Pursuit Neurons

Smooth pursuit (SP)-related neurons in the dorsal-medial part of medial superior temporal cortex (MSTd) carry extraretinal signals that may play a role in maintenance of SP once eye velocity matches target velocity. For example, it has not been determined whether the extraretinal signals reflect volitional SP commands or proprioception. The aim of this study was to test some potential sources of extraretinal signals in MSTd pursuit neurons. We tested 40 MSTd neurons during step-ramp SP with target blink conditions to show that they carried an extraretinal signal. To examine potential contributions from eye movements that might reflect proprioceptive feedback from eye muscles, we tested MSTd neurons during rotational vestibular ocular reflex in complete darkness (VORd). Vestibular stimulation was delivered in the earth horizontal plane to elicit reflex driven smooth eye movements that matched the speed and frequency of volitional SP. We also tested VOR in the light (VORx1) and cancellation of the VOR (VORx0). Our neurons were modulated during both SP and cancellation of the VOR. In contrast, MSTd smooth pursuit neurons with extraretinal signals were not significantly modulated during VORd (sensitivity ≤ 0.10 spike/s/°/s). This combination of properties is compatible with classifying these neurons as gaze-velocity related. Absence of modulation during VORd testing could be caused by cancellation of head and eye movement sensitivity or dependence of neuronal firing on volitional SP commands. Our results support the suggestion that modulation of SP-related MSTd neurons reflects volitional SP commands rather then eye movements generated by reflex pathways.

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