Top-down or bottom-up? Prospective relations between general and domain-specific self-efficacy beliefs during a work-family transition

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorana Grether ◽  
Julia F. Sowislo ◽  
Bettina S. Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Family Transition ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Work Family

scholarly journals Domain-Specific Expectations in Music Segmentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Silva ◽  
Carolina Dias ◽  
São Luís Castro
Keyword(s):  
Natural Speech ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Speech Prosody ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Instruction Group ◽  
Ambiguous Stimuli

The acoustic cues that guide the assignment of phrase boundaries in music (pauses and pitch movements) overlap with those that are known for speech prosody. Based on this, researchers have focused on highlighting the similarities and neural resources shared between music and speech prosody segmentation. The possibility that music-specific expectations add to acoustic cues in driving the segmentation of music into phrases could weaken this bottom-up view, but it remains underexplored. We tested for domain-specific expectations in music segmentation by comparing the segmentation of the same set of ambiguous stimuli under two different instructions: stimuli were either presented as speech prosody or as music. We measured how segmentation differed, in each instruction group, from a common reference (natural speech); thus, focusing on how instruction affected delexicalization effects (natural speech vs. transformed versions with no phonetic content) on segmentation. We saw interactions between delexicalization and instruction on most segmentation indices, suggesting that there is a music mode, different from a speech prosody mode in segmentation. Our findings highlight the importance of top-down influences in segmentation, and they contribute to rethinking the analogy between music and speech prosody.

Relations among Perceived Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem, and School Achievement

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella D'Amico ◽  
Maurizio Cardaci
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
The Self ◽  
Scholastic Achievement ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Scholastic Performance ◽  
Two Factors

The present research explored empirically the factorial dimensions of self-efficacy and self-esteem and associations among self-esteem, self-efficacy, and scholastic achievement as measured in 151 subjects ( M age=13.4 yr.). Five factors emerged from factorial analysis: two factors reflected the self-esteem feelings (and were, respectively, named as self-referential self-esteem and comparative self-esteem). The remaining three factors reflected the self-efficacy beliefs in the three different scholastic domains considered, linguistic-literary, logical-mathematical, and technical-practical All self-efficacy scores were significantly correlated with scholastic achievement while no associations between self-esteem scores and scholastic performance were found. Nevertheless, self-efficacy and self-esteem dimensions shared some common aspects. In particular, each different self-esteem factor showed different magnitudes of association with domain-specific self-efficacy beliefs.

scholarly journals ENRICHMENT AND POPULATION OF A GEOSPATIAL ONTOLOGY FOR SEMANTIC INFORMATION EXTRACTION

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-4 ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kokla ◽  
V. Papadias ◽  
E. Tomai
Keyword(s):  
Information Extraction ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Web Content ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Geospatial Ontology

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The massive amount of user-generated content available today presents a new challenge for the geospatial domain and a great opportunity to delve into linguistic, semantic, and cognitive aspects of geographic information. Ontology-based information extraction is a new, prominent field in which a domain ontology guides the extraction process and the identification of pre-defined concepts, properties, and instances from natural language texts. The paper describes an approach for enriching and populating a geospatial ontology using both a top-down and a bottom-up approach in order to enable semantic information extraction. The top-down approach is applied in order to incorporate knowledge from existing ontologies. The bottom-up approach is applied in order to enrich and populate the geospatial ontology with semantic information (concepts, relations, and instances) extracted from domain-specific web content.</p>

scholarly journals PRIMARY STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE OF STEM DOMAIN-SPECIFIC SELF-EFFICACY BELIEF AND EXPECTANCY-VALUE BELIEF

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-690
Author(s):  
Shao-Na Zhou ◽  
Lu-Chang Chen ◽  
Shao-Rui Xu ◽  
Chu-Ting Lu ◽  
Qiu-ye Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
The Self ◽  
Primary Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Science Domain

Most studies have concentrated in assessing students’ overall attitudes towards science, mathematics, and engineering/technology or the attitude towards individual STEM domain. The present research aims to explore primary students’ gender and grade differences of their STEM domain-specific attitudes including self-efficacy and expectancy-value beliefs, as well as their correlations. The results showed no detected significant effects among these different STEM domains in the overall attitudes, the overall self-efficacy beliefs, and the overall expectancy-value beliefs for primary students. The correlations between self-efficacy and expectancy-value were much stronger for the science domain and engineering/technology domain than the mathematics domain. No gender difference of the self-efficacy beliefs was detected except in the mathematics domain, and the result that lower primary students performed significantly better than upper primary students in the self-efficacy was also mainly contributed by the grade difference in the mathematics domain. Whereas no different expectancy-value beliefs existed across genders and grade levels in various STEM domains. The present results reported some unique performances by the primary school students compared to the elder group. Keywords: expectancy-value, gender differences, grade levels, self-efficacy, STEM attitudes

scholarly journals Measuring the Correlation between Self-Efficacy Beliefs and English Language Attainments among Thai University Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Matthew Rudd
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
English Language ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Speaking Proficiency ◽  
Significant Difference

This study examined the predictive value of Bandura’s 100 point self-efficacy scales among 208 third year university students (female; n = 108, male; n = 90) from three separate faculties; veterinary medicine (n = 60), business administration (n = 77) and engineering (n = 71) at a private institute of technology located on the outskirts of Bangkok. The central research question of this paper was to ascertain the extent to which one’s self-efficacy beliefs in English language attainments correspond with respective performance outcomes. Respondents were required to indicate their levels of self-efficacy in English as a general subject, as well as in domain specific matters relative to speaking proficiency, mid-term tests and final examinations. The results showed that the predictive value of subject related measures of self-efficacy across the sample population proved to be highly accurate, as the means of both sets of results were not significantly different (S.E: 68.12% vs. English: 66.28%; p <0.05), and were closely correlated (r = 0.692).The results from the domain specific scales, however, were less consistent. While there was no significant difference between declarations of self-efficacy and grade outcomes in both mid-term tests and final examinations (mid-term:62.59% vs. 64.33%; final: 63.22% vs.64.24%; p <0.05), and, both variables were also closely correlated (mid-term, r = 0.7018; final, r = 0.686); personal efficacy judgments for speaking proficiency were significantly inferior to respective attainments (58.46 vs. 68.25; p <0.05); resulting in a weaker correlation (r = 0.5248).

scholarly journals Top Down or Bottom Up? Evidence From the Longitudinal Development of Global and Domain-Specific Self-Esteem in Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Rentzsch ◽  
Michela Schröder-Abé
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Practical Implications

Classical theoretical perspectives have implied that either global self-esteem has an impact on domain-specific self-esteem (top-down) or domain-specific self-esteem affects global self-esteem (bottom-up). The goal of the present research was to investigate whether classical top-down and bottom-up approaches could withstand a thorough test. To do so, we applied elaborate analytical methods in a 4-wave longitudinal study across 6 years with preregistered hypotheses and data analyses. We analyzed data from N = 1,417 German participants (30.6% men, median of 12 to 13 years of education) with an average age of 47.0 years (SD = 12.4, Range 18 to 88) at intake. Analyses using latent variable approaches for modeling intraindividual change provided evidence of top-down effects only. For example, participants with higher global self-esteem exhibited an increase in performance self-esteem but not vice versa. Our results also provided evidence of “vertical” associations between global and domain-specific self-esteem, that is, parallel development within the same time frame. In addition, the analyses revealed high rank order stability and a substantial trait component in global self-esteem and the self-esteem domains. The present findings have important theoretical and practical implications for the stability and development of self-esteem in adulthood and advance the understanding of global and domain-specific self-esteem in personality theory.

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