The attitude toward the use of physical attractiveness – adonization – as an influence strategy among young women. The role of self-perceived attractiveness and contingencies of self-worth

This study proposes that chief executive officers who have received over their tenure a greater sum of total compensation relative to the market’s going rate become overconfident. We posit that this happens because historically overpaid chief executive officers perceive greater self-worth to the firm whereby such self-serving attribution inflates their level of self-confidence. We also identify chief executive officer- and firm-level cues that can influence the relationship between chief executive officers’ historical relative pay and their overconfidence, suggesting that chief executive officers’ perceived self-worth is more pronounced when chief executive officers possess less power and when their firm’s performance has improved upon their historical aspirations. Using a sample of 1185 firms and their chief executive officers during the years 2000–2016, we find empirical support for our predictions. Findings from this study contribute to strategic leadership research by highlighting the important role of executives’ compensation in creating overconfidence.

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Intracranial Venous Hypertension and Venous Sinus Stenting in the Modern Management of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Life ◽

10.3390/life11060508 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 508

Author(s):

Robert K. Townsend ◽

Kyle M. Fargen

Keyword(s):

Intracranial Hypertension ◽

Young Women ◽

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽

Venous Hypertension ◽

Venous Sinus ◽

Venous Outflow ◽

The Status ◽

Insight Into ◽

Symptom Recurrence

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a debilitating condition that has traditionally been difficult to treat. In recent years, there has been increasing focus on the role of intracranial venous hypertension in the pathophysiology of IIH. Based on increased understanding of this pathophysiology, venous sinus stenting (VSS) has emerged as a safe and reliable treatment for a certain population of patients with IIH. Stratifying patients with IIH based on the status of their venous outflow can provide insight into which patients may enjoy reduction in their symptoms after VSS and provides information regarding why some patients may have symptom recurrence. The traditional view of IIH as a disease due to obesity in young women has been cast into doubt as the understanding of the role of intracranial venous hypertension has improved.

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The Relationships among Self-Worth Contingency on Others’ Approval, Appearance Comparisons on Facebook, and Adolescent Girls’ Body Esteem: A Cross-Cultural Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18030901 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 901 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael Prieler ◽

Jounghwa Choi ◽

Hye Eun Lee

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Large Scale ◽

Body Esteem ◽

Asian Country ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

European Countries ◽

Self Worth ◽

Appearance Comparison

The present study examined the relationship between appearance-related social comparison on social networking services (SNSs) and body esteem in a cross-cultural context (three European countries, i.e., Austria, Belgium, and Spain, versus one Asian country, i.e., South Korea). The role of self-worth contingency on others’ approval was considered to be a psychological and cultural factor. Utilizing a large-scale cross-national survey of early and middle adolescents in 2017, the responses of female adolescents (N = 981) were analyzed. The results generally support the findings from previous studies but also reveal cultural differences. Appearance comparison on Facebook negatively influenced girls’ body esteem in all European countries, but not in South Korea. Self-worth contingency on others’ approval negatively influenced girls’ body esteem across all four countries. Finally, a positive relationship between self-worth contingency on others’ approval and appearance comparison on Facebook was found in all European countries, but not among Korean girls. These findings suggest the importance of self-worth contingency on others’ approval and cultural contexts can be used to study the effects of body image-related SNS use.

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Selected Predictors of the Sense of Intimacy in Relationships of Young Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16224447 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (22) ◽

pp. 4447

Author(s):

Dorota Czyżowska ◽

Ewa Gurba ◽

Natalia Czyżowska ◽

Alicja Kalus ◽

Katarzyna Sitnik-Warchulska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Women ◽

Stepwise Regression ◽

Interpersonal Relations ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Main Research ◽

Identity Style ◽

Identity Commitment ◽

Study Results ◽

Predictive Role

The main research objective of this study was seeking the predictive role of closeness to parents, attachment, identity style, identity commitment, type of relationship, and having children in intimacy among young women and men. Many studies indicate differences in the level of engagement, communication, and satisfaction in relationships. The study group comprised 227 people, including 114 women (M = 29.99; SD = 4.36), and 113 men (M = 30.00; SD = 4.33). A total of 40% of the subjects were married, and the remaining 60% subjects were in informal relationships; 101 people had children and the other individuals were childless. The following instruments were used: The Miller Social Intimacy Scale, questionnaires to assess closeness and attachment, and the Identity Style Inventory. The significance of the differences and the stepwise regression analysis were performed. The results of the study demonstrated a higher level of intimacy in a relationship with a partner among women than men. The nature of a relationship does not matter to the sense of intimacy. However, closeness to parents during childhood and adolescence, the model of interpersonal relations, and the identity style are predictors of intimacy in a relationship. The study results can be used in creating preventive and educational programs focused on family life and satisfied relationships.

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The mediating role of self-determination in the relationship between goal orientations and physical self-worth in greek exercisers

European Journal of Sport Science ◽

10.1080/17461390100071502 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Manolis Georgiadis ◽

Stuart Biddle ◽

Nikos Chatzisarantis

Keyword(s):

Goal Orientations ◽

Self Determination ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Self Worth ◽

The Relationship

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Awareness and opinion about polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) among young women: a developing country perspective

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2018-0166 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Saubhagya Kumar Jena ◽

Lipsa Mishra ◽

Sushree Samiksha Naik ◽

Shahnawaz Khan

Keyword(s):

Young Women ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Young Patients ◽

Urban Sector ◽

Contraceptive Pills ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Set Up ◽

Ovarian Syndrome

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the perception on PCOS and its prevalence among adolescent and young women.MethodsThe study was conducted over 2 year period in a tertiary care teaching hospital from Eastern India. A pre-formed, validated questionnaire was used to record the details. Descriptive statistics was used to report the findings.ResultsOf 965 young patients with mean (SD) age 20.64 (2.1) years, 27 (2.79 %) were aware of an entity called PCOS. Awareness among adolescents with PCOS was 25.9 % (7/27). All aware patients belonged to the urban sector with professionals constituting around 48%, of which 11% were students. The major source of information among aware patients was from doctors (40.7%), and friends and Internet (25.9%); rest being from books, newspapers, and teachers. Majority (70%) were aware that diet restriction and exercise were the primary modalities of treatment, whereas, only 3.7% knew about the role of contraceptive pills in PCOS.ConclusionsAwareness regarding PCOS among the young women is very low mainly in the rural set up. Doctors and health staffs should play a major role in spreading awareness of the entity to prevent long term complications.

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Cyber-Flirting: An Examination of Men's and Women's Flirting Behaviour Both Offline and on the Internet

Behaviour Change ◽

10.1375/bech.21.2.115.55423 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 115-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Monica T. Whitty

Keyword(s):

Physical Attractiveness ◽

The Body ◽

Nonverbal Cues ◽

Future Research ◽

The Internet ◽

Research Needs ◽

Men And Women ◽

Face To Face ◽

Online Interactions

AbstractWhile flirting is a relatively underresearched area within psychology, even less is known about how people cyber-flirt. This paper explores how often individuals flirt offline compared to online. Moreover, it attempts to examine how men and women flirt within these different spaces. Five thousand, six hundred and ninety-seven individuals, of which 3554 (62%) were women and 2143 (38%) were men, completed a survey about their flirting behaviour both in face-to-face interactions and in chatrooms. The first hypothesis, which stated that the body would be used to flirt with as frequently online as offline, was partly supported. However, it was found that individuals downplayed the importance of physical attractiveness online. Women flirted by displaying nonverbal signals (offline) or substitutes for nonverbal cues (online), to a greater extent than men. In chatrooms men were more likely than women to initiate contact. It is concluded that cyber-flirting is more than simply a meeting of minds and that future research needs to consider the role of the body in online interactions.

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