scholarly journals Effect of National Schistosomiasis Control Programme on Taenia solium taeniosis and porcine cysticercosis in rural communities of Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uffe Christian Braae ◽  
Pascal Magnussen ◽  
Wendy Harrison ◽  
Benedict Ndawi ◽  
Faustin Lekule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Schistosomiasis Control ◽  
Porcine Cysticercosis

Seroepidemiological evidence for Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis in three Venezuelan rural communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Cortez A ◽  
G. Rojas ◽  
C.M. Aguilar ◽  
E. Ferrer ◽  
Y. Alviarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Parasite Life Cycle ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
Free Ranging

Abstract Taenia solium is the most common parasite infection of the brain, causing neurocysticercosis and typically found in rural communities with free-ranging pigs. Identification of transmission in rural areas is essential for its control. Risk factors and transmission of the parasite were evaluated in three rural Venezuelan communities (Valle del Rio and Potrero Largo, Cojedes state; and Palmarito, Portuguesa state) by a questionnaire (112 households) and coprological (492 samples) and serological (433 human and 230 porcine sera) analysis, respectively. Typical risk factors were found in all three communities: free-foraging pig husbandry, deficient sanitary conditions, high open defecation and ignorance of the parasite life cycle. Coprological examinations revealed a high level of soil-transmitted parasites. Importantly, two T. solium adult worm carriers were identified in each of the three communities. Anti-metacestode antibodies and the HP10 secreted metacestode glycoprotein were detected at significant levels in human and porcine sera in Valle del Rio, Potrero Largo and Palmarito. In conclusion, these communities may be considered to be endemic for taeniasis/cysticercosis, and the instigation of an appropriate control programme is recommended.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for porcine cysticercosis in rural communities of eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 905-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio C. Acevedo-Nieto ◽  
Paulo S.A. Pinto ◽  
Letícia F. Silva ◽  
Rafaella P.M. Guimarães-Peixoto ◽  
Tatiane O. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Human Faeces ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Porcine Cysticercosis

ABSTRACT: Cysticercosis is caused by Taenia solium, a parasitic zoonosis that affects human and pigs raised free-range in developing countries. The epidemiology of the taeniosis cysticercosis complex in Brazil is poorly understood especially when it comes to field research. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with porcine cysticercosis in rural communities located in the east of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. From 371 farms in the county of Tumiritinga/MG, 101 farms from 14 communities were randomly sampled. Blood samples from pigs were collected, and epidemiological questionnaires were carried out. The serum samples obtained were analyzed through immunodiagnosis techniques, including ELISA and Western Blot, both for the detection of antibodies. The data obtained by different surveys were analyzed using EpiInfo 3.5.1 software to determine seroprevalence and risk factors associated with cysticercosis. The prevalence of farms with porcine cysticercosis was 9.9% (10/101) and antibody-based seropositive was 5.3% (13/247). The results indicate that cysticercosis occurs in high level in the rural area never studied before. These results suggest the presence of tapeworm carriers contributing to the occurrence and maintenance of this zoonotic life cycle in the county. Regarding risk factors, the most significant determinants for porcine cysticercosis in the field were free-range pig management (OR: 17.4, p: 0.0001), the method of disposal of human faeces in the environmental (OR: 7.6; p 0.012), and the size of the farm. Porcine cysticercosis was diagnosed only in areas represented by Agrarian Reform Settlements. From the results, it is possible to recommend as a means of control and prevention the destination of human faeces in appropriate sanitary landfills and the production of pigs in an enclosed area. Additionally, improving education in the communities sampled will indirectly affect the spreading of this disease. The results draw attention to the largest studies of this zoonotic disease in human settlements from rural areas due to the lack of knowledge about the epidemiology of the taeniosis-cysticercosis complex. The results could serve as the basis to support public policies aimed at creating an effective program to control the taeniosis-cysticercosis complex in the studied area. Awareness of TC among medical doctors, veterinarians, meat animal family producers and the public should be developed through appropriate information and education.

scholarly journals Control trial of porcine cysticercosis in Uganda using a combination of the TSOL18 vaccination and oxfendazole

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Nsadha ◽  
Chris Rutebarika ◽  
Chrisostom Ayebazibwe ◽  
Bukenya Aloys ◽  
M. Mwanja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Porcine Cysticercosis ◽  
Intervention Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Village Communities

Abstract Background Neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium when the parasite lodges in the central nervous system, is an important cause of human seizures and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasite is prevalent in many regions of Uganda. Pigs are intermediate hosts for T. solium, and we evaluated a T. solium control program in pigs, involving vaccination of pigs with the TSOL18 vaccine and treatment with oxfendazole. Methods The study was conducted in two districts of Eastern Uganda involving the rural village communities of Bukedea (intervention area) and Kumi (control area) during 2016–2017. Seven hundred and thirty-four households were enrolled in the study. Pigs in the intervention area received intramuscular immunizations with TSOL18 (Cysvax™) and an oral medication with 30 mg/kg oxfendazole (Paranthic™) at approximately 3-monthly intervals for 18 months. Porcine cysticercosis was evaluated by post-mortem examination. At the beginning of the study, 111 pigs were examined. In an interim evaluation in the intervention area, 55 pigs were evaluated 12 months after starting the project. At the end of the study approximately 3 months after the final intervention, 55 pigs from the intervention area and 56 pigs from the control area were evaluated. Results The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis for the two sites was 16.2% at the beginning of the study (17.2% in the intervention area and 15.1% in the control area) with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.759) between the two study sites. Among the 110 animals assessed from the intervention site (55 at the interim evaluation and 55 at the final evaluation), no pig with viable T. solium cysts was found. There was a statistically significant difference between the prevalence at baseline (17.2%) and at the end of the study (0%) in the intervention area (P = 0.001) and a statistically significant difference between the intervention (0%) and control areas (5.4%) (P = 0.041) at the end of the study. Conclusions Three-monthly concurrent vaccination of pigs with the TSOL18 vaccine and medication with oxfendazole eliminated T. solium transmission by the animals involved in the study. Application of vaccination with medication in pigs has the potential to reduce transmission of T. solium in Uganda and other endemic countries.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors of cysticercosis in two rural communities from northern of Anzoátegui state, Venezuela

Biomédica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Toquero ◽  
Antonio Morocoima ◽  
Elizabeth Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Factores De Riesgo

Introducción. La cisticercosis es causada por larvas de Taenia solium, las cuales se localizan principalmente en el sistema nervioso central causando neurocisticercosis. En Venezuela se han realizado pocos estudios epidemiológicos.Objetivo. Determinar la seroprevalencia y factores de riesgo de cisticercosis en dos comunidades rurales del estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una encuesta donde se recogieron datos sobre los posibles factores de riesgo y signos y síntomas de la enfermedad y se tomaron 182 muestras de las comunidades Boquerón y Punto Lindo. Se determinaron anticuerpos IgG contra cisticercos de T. solium, mediante el ensayo inmunoenzimatico (ELISA).Resultados. Boquerón presentó una seroprevalencia de 3,3%; debido al bajo número de positivos no se pudo hacer el análisis estadístico. Sin embargo, los 3 positivos tenían conocimiento de la enfermedad, antecedentes de tenencia de cerdos libres, consumo de carne de cerdo semicruda y cefalea frecuente. En Punto Lindo la seroprevalencia fue de 28,9%. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al género y la edad, sin embargo, se encontró mayor frecuencia en menores de 20 años. Con respecto a los factores de riesgo y signos y síntomas, se encontró asociación significativa con: consumo de carne de cerdo semicruda (OR 18; IC95% 5,78-55,9), cefalea frecuente (OR 3,6; IC95% 1,15-11,4), convulsiones (OR 18,9; IC95% 2,15-166,5) y problemas visuales (OR 5,7; IC95% 2,13-15,34).Conclusión. Los resultados demuestran poca transmisión de cisticercosis en Boquerón y alta en Punto Lindo, donde la alta prevalencia en niños sugiere que se trate de transmisión reciente.

Lymphocyte apoptosis in the inflammatory reaction around Taenia solium metacestodes in porcine cysticercosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 140 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Solano ◽  
Isabel M. Cortés ◽  
Natalia I. Copitin ◽  
Patricia Tato ◽  
José L. Molinari
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Lymphocyte Apoptosis ◽  
Porcine Cysticercosis

scholarly journals Occurrence of porcine cysticercosis in free-ranging pigs delivered to slaughter points in Arapai, Soroti district, Uganda

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zirintunda ◽  
Justine Ekou
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Porcine Cysticercosis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Poverty, hunger and the need for production of pigs with meagre or zero inputs have made most farmers release their pigs to range freely, thus creating a pig-human cycle that maintains Taenia solium, the pig tapeworm and cause of porcine cysticercosis, in the ecosystem. A preliminary study was designed to establish the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis by postmortem examination of the tongue and carcass of free-range pigs from February to April 2014 in Arapai subcounty, Soroti district, eastern Uganda. The tongue of each pig was extended and examined before deep incisions were made and the cut surfaces were examined. The rest of the carcasses were examined for cysts. Out of 178 pigs examined, 32 were qualitatively positive for porcine cysticercosis, representing a prevalence of 18.0%. This high prevalence represents a marked risk to the communities in the study area of neurocysticercosis, a debilitating parasitic zoonosis. Proper human waste disposal by use of pit latrines, confinement of free-range pigs and treatment with albendazole and oxfendazole are recommended.

scholarly journals Characterization of a novel cathepsin L-like protease from Taenia solium metacestodes for the immunodiagnosis of porcine cysticercosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy León-Janampa ◽  
Ruddy Liendo ◽  
Robert H. Gilman ◽  
Carlos Padilla ◽  
Hector H. García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Porcine Cysticercosis

scholarly journals Taenia solium Prevalence in Nepal: A Retrospective Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
B. K C ◽  
K. Kaphle
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Porcine Cysticercosis ◽  
Cestode Parasite ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Affected Tissue ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain

 Taenia solium is a zoonotic cestode parasite which causes cysticercosis in human and porcine cysticercosis in pigs. The infective stage of T. solium develops in pig while that of T. saginata develop in cattle and buffalo. The adult stages of T. solium are obligatory intestinal parasites for man. In humans the cysticercus larvae commonly encyst in the brain, causing neurocysticercosis. The disease was first described in pig by Aristophanes and Aristotle in 3rd century B.C. In Nepal, Taenia cysts were observed for first time in pork meat slaughtered in Kangeswari, Kathmandu more than 30 years ago. T. solium is the cause of 30% of epilepsy cases in many endemic areas where people and roaming pigs live in close proximity. More than 50 million of the world’s populations are infected worldwide and 50000 die from Neurocysticercosis yearly. In Nepal, the prevalence ranges from 0.002-0.1% in general population. Accurate diagnosis required detailed post mortem examination involving slicing of affected tissue to determine the viability of cysts. Cysticerci occur most commonly in striated muscles tissues and brain of pigs. The application of vaccination with TSOL18 recombinant vaccine along with oral medication of oxfendazole can reduces the transmission by pigs whereas use of niclosamide is found effective in humans. Hence the use of medication eventually reduces the incidence of neurocysticercosis in human and procine cysticercosis in pigs.

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