Comparing thirst and spot urine concentrations in humans of differing body sizes: an observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 113673
Author(s):  
J.D. Adams ◽  
Ashton E. Barlow ◽  
Donya Z. Farzam ◽  
Cory L. Butts ◽  
Anthony Ludwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Urine Concentrations

Spot Urine Concentrations Should Not Be Used for Hydration Assessment: A Methodology Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel N. Cheuvront ◽  
Robert W. Kenefick ◽  
Edward J. Zambraski
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Single Spot ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Urine Concentrations ◽  
Hydration Assessment

A common practice in sports science is to assess hydration status using the concentration of a single spot urine collection taken at any time of day for comparison against concentration (specific gravity, osmolality, color) thresholds established from first morning voids. There is strong evidence that this practice can be confounded by fluid intake, diet, and exercise, among other factors, leading to false positive/negative assessments. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide a simple explanation as to why this practice leads to erroneous conclusions and should be curtailed in favor of consensus hydration assessment recommendations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of using spot urine to replace 24 h urine sodium and potassium excretions

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2505-2511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline JC Hooft van Huysduynen ◽  
Paul JM Hulshof ◽  
Linde van Lee ◽  
Anouk Geelen ◽  
Edith JM Feskens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Method ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Urine Sodium ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Study Centre ◽  
Urine Concentrations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Caucasian Women ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

AbstractObjectiveThe most accurate method to estimate Na and K intakes is to determine 24 h urinary excretions of these minerals. However, collecting 24 h urine is burdensome. Therefore it was studied whether spot urine could be used to replace 24 h urine samples.DesignParticipants collected 24 h urine and kept one voiding sample separate. Na, K and creatinine concentrations were analysed in both 24 h and spot urine samples. Also 24 h excretions of Na and K were predicted from spot urine concentrations using the Tanaka and Danish methods.SettingIn 2011 and 2012, urine samples were collected and brought to the study centre at Wageningen University, the Netherlands.SubjectsWomen (n147) aged 19–26 years.ResultsAccording top-aminobenzoic acid excretions, 127 urine collections were complete. Correlations of Na:creatinine, K:creatinine and Na:K between spot urine and 24 h urine were 0·68, 0·57 and 0·64, respectively. Mean 24 h Na excretion predicted with the Tanaka method was higher (difference 21·2 mmol/d,P<0·001) than the measured excretion of 131·6 mmol/d and mean 24 h Na excretion predicted with the Danish method was similar (difference 3·2 mmol/d,P=0·417) to the measured excretion. The mean 24 h K excretion predicted with the Tanaka method was higher (difference 13·6 mmol/d,P<0·001) than the measured excretion of 66·8 mmol/d. Bland–Altman plots showed large individual differences between predicted and measured 24 h Na and K excretions.ConclusionsThe ratios of Na:creatinine and K:creatinine in spot urine were reasonably well associated with their respective ratios in 24 h urine and appear to predict mean 24 h Na excretion of these young, Caucasian women.

scholarly journals Urine Tenofovir Concentrations Correlate With Plasma and Relate to Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Adherence: A Randomized, Directly Observed Pharmacokinetic Trial (TARGET Study)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2143-2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K Drain ◽  
Rachel W Kubiak ◽  
Oraphan Siriprakaisil ◽  
Virat Klinbuayaem ◽  
Justice Quame-Amaglo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Directly Observed Therapy ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Preexposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Urine Concentrations

Abstract Background Direct measurement of tenofovir (TFV) in urine could be an objective measure to monitor adherence to preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or TFV-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods We conducted a 3-arm randomized, pharmacokinetic study of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) 300 mg/emtricitabine (FTC) 200 mg among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus. Participants were randomized to receive controlled TDF/FTC dosing as (1) “perfect” adherence (daily); (2) “moderate” adherence (4 doses/week); or (3) “low” adherence (2 doses/week). We obtained trough spot urine and plasma samples during a 6-week directly observed therapy period and a 4-week washout period. TFV concentrations were compared between adherence arms using 1-way analysis of variance. Results Among 28 participants, the median age was 33 years and 16 (57%) were male. Correlation between TFV plasma and urine concentrations was strong (ρ = 0.78; P &lt; .0001). Median (interquartile range) steady-state trough TFV concentrations (ng/mL) for perfect, moderate, and low TDF adherence were 41 (26–52), 16 (14–19), and 4 (3–5) in plasma; and 6480 (3940–14 300), 3405 (2210–5020), and 448 (228–675) in urine. Trough TFV concentrations at steady state were significantly different between the 3 adherence arms for plasma (P &lt; .0001) and urine (P = .0002). Following drug cessation, TFV concentrations persisted longer in urine than plasma samples. Washout urine TFV concentrations and time to undetectable concentrations did not differ between the 3 randomized adherence groups. Conclusions Urine TFV concentrations can inform interpretation of novel point-of-care urine-based TFV assays to assess recent TDF adherence. Clinical Trials Registration NCT0301260.

Spot Urine Concentrations of Type I Collagen Cross-Linked N-Telopeptides and Deoxypyridinoline in Psoriatic Arthritis

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 450-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Al-Awadhi ◽  
S. O. Olusi ◽  
N. S. Al-Zaid ◽  
S. George ◽  
T. N. Sugathan Departments of
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Type I ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urine Concentrations

First clinical experience with the Multi-LOC multiple stent delivery system for focal stenting in long femoro-popliteal lesions

VASA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 452-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Amendt ◽  
Ulrich Beschorner ◽  
Matthias Waliszewski ◽  
Martin Sigl ◽  
Ralf Langhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Target Lesion ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Elastic Recoil ◽  
Delivery Device ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Balloon Catheters ◽  
Considerable Length

Abstract. Background: The purpose of this observational study is to report the six-month clinical outcomes with a new multiple stent delivery system in patients with femoro-popliteal lesions. Patients and methods: The LOCOMOTIVE study is an observational multicentre study with a primary endpoint target lesion revascularization (TLR) rate at six months. Femoro-popliteal lesions were prepared with uncoated and/or paclitaxel-coated peripheral balloon catheters. When flow limiting dissections, elastic recoil or recoil due to calcification required stenting, up to six short stents per delivery device, each 13 mm in length, were implanted. Sonographic follow-ups and clinical assessments were scheduled at six months. Results: For this first analysis, a total of 75 patients 72.9 ± 9.2 years of age were enrolled. The majority of the 176 individually treated lesions were in the superficial femoral artery (76.2 %, 134/176) whereas the rate of TASC C/D amounted to 51.1 % (90/176). The total lesion length was 14.5 ± 9.0 cm with reference vessel diameters of 5.6 ± 0.7 mm. Overall 47 ± 18 % of lesion lengths could be saved from stenting. At six months, the patency was 90.7 % (68/75) and all-cause TLR rates were 5.3 % (4/75) in the overall cohort. Conclusions: The first clinical experience at six months suggests that the MSDS strategy was safe and effective to treat femoro-popliteal lesions of considerable length (14.5 ± 9.0 cm). Almost half of the lesion length could be saved from stenting while patency was high and TLR rates were acceptably low.

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