Noble aluminum-pigmented metallic polymers II: Effects of inorganic filler on weld- and flow-line visibility

Hot rolling is an essential process for the shape-forming of bearing steel. It plays a significant role in the formation and distribution of flow lines. In this work, the effect of flow lines is investigated by analyzing the microstructure and mechanical anisotropy of hot-rolled bearing steel. It was found that carbides rich with Cr and Mn elements are distributed unevenly along the flow-line direction of the hot-rolled bearing steel. Moreover, the mechanical characterization indicates that ultimate tensile strength and yield strength do not have any significant difference in two directions. Nevertheless, an ultrahigh section shrinkage of 57.51% is obtained in the 0° sample that has parallel flow lines, while 90° sample shows poor section shrinkage. The uneven distributed carbides will affect the direction and speed of crack propagation during tensile deformation. Therefore, the 0° and 90° samples exhibit great difference in plastic property. Meanwhile, after tensile deformation, a delaminated texture is observed in the flow lines, which may be caused by different degrees of deformation of grains due to the uneven distribution of carbides. The results of this work may provide guidance for controlling and optimizing flow lines in the manufacturing of bearing rings.

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Engineering Mathematical Analysis Method for Productivity Rate in Linear Arrangement Serial Structure Automated Flow Assembly Line

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2015/592061 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Tan Chan Sin ◽

Ryspek Usubamatov ◽

M. A. Fairuz ◽

Mohd Fidzwan B. Md. Amin Hamzas ◽

Low Kin Wai

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Failure Rate ◽

Mathematical Analysis ◽

Assembly Line ◽

Flow Line ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Machining Time ◽

Linear Arrangement ◽

Final Assembly ◽

Productivity Rate

Productivity rate (Q) or production rate is one of the important indicator criteria for industrial engineer to improve the system and finish good output in production or assembly line. Mathematical and statistical analysis method is required to be applied for productivity rate in industry visual overviews of the failure factors and further improvement within the production line especially for automated flow line since it is complicated. Mathematical model of productivity rate in linear arrangement serial structure automated flow line with different failure rate and bottleneck machining time parameters becomes the basic model for this productivity analysis. This paper presents the engineering mathematical analysis method which is applied in an automotive company which possesses automated flow assembly line in final assembly line to produce motorcycle in Malaysia. DCAS engineering and mathematical analysis method that consists of four stages known as data collection, calculation and comparison, analysis, and sustainable improvement is used to analyze productivity in automated flow assembly line based on particular mathematical model. Variety of failure rate that causes loss of productivity and bottleneck machining time is shown specifically in mathematic figure and presents the sustainable solution for productivity improvement for this final assembly automated flow line.

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Identification of Elucamide as an Organic Compound which Affects Mechanical Properties of Poly (vinyl chloride)–Inorganic Filler Binary Composite System

Chemistry Letters ◽

10.1246/cl.1992.2217 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 2217-2220

Author(s):

Osamu Shimomura ◽

Yoshio Takai ◽

Masami Sawada ◽

Shigetoshi Takahashi ◽

Kunio Goto

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Organic Compound ◽

Vinyl Chloride ◽

Composite System ◽

Inorganic Filler ◽

Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽

Binary Composite

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Inorganic Fillers in Composite Gel Polymer Electrolytes for High-Performance Lithium and Non-Lithium Polymer Batteries

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11030614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 614

Author(s):

Vo Pham Hoang Huy ◽

Seongjoon So ◽

Jaehyun Hur

Keyword(s):

Polymer Electrolytes ◽

High Performance ◽

Gel Polymer Electrolyte ◽

Inorganic Filler ◽

Gel Polymer Electrolytes ◽

Lithium Polymer Batteries ◽

Conductivity Enhancement ◽

Composite Gel ◽

Inorganic Fillers ◽

Historical Developments

Among the various types of polymer electrolytes, gel polymer electrolytes have been considered as promising electrolytes for high-performance lithium and non-lithium batteries. The introduction of inorganic fillers into the polymer-salt system of gel polymer electrolytes has emerged as an effective strategy to achieve high ionic conductivity and excellent interfacial contact with the electrode. In this review, the detailed roles of inorganic fillers in composite gel polymer electrolytes are presented based on their physical and electrochemical properties in lithium and non-lithium polymer batteries. First, we summarize the historical developments of gel polymer electrolytes. Then, a list of detailed fillers applied in gel polymer electrolytes is presented. Possible mechanisms of conductivity enhancement by the addition of inorganic fillers are discussed for each inorganic filler. Subsequently, inorganic filler/polymer composite electrolytes studied for use in various battery systems, including Li-, Na-, Mg-, and Zn-ion batteries, are discussed. Finally, the future perspectives and requirements of the current composite gel polymer electrolyte technologies are highlighted.

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A review on allotropes of carbon and natural filler-reinforced thermomechanical properties of upgraded epoxy hybrid composite

REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE ◽

10.1515/rams-2021-0024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 237-275

Author(s):

Krushna Gouda ◽

Sumit Bhowmik ◽

Biplab Das

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Composite ◽

Low Cost ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Thermomechanical Properties ◽

Neat Epoxy ◽

Inorganic Filler ◽

Nonrenewable Resource ◽

High Performing ◽

Thermosetting Polymers ◽

Natural Filler

Abstract The scarcity of nonrenewable resource motivated inclination towards the environmental-friendly novel materials and development of waste natural filler-based hybrid composite is encouraged to fulfill the material demand. Epoxy resins-based composites are high-performing thermosetting polymers and have outstanding blending properties, good machinability, and low cost. Due to these advantages, thermoset plastic is largely used in a broad range of engineering applications; however, thermomechanical properties of neat epoxy are low. Thus, to enhance the thermomechanical properties of epoxy, it is interfaced materials such as graphite, graphene nanoplatelet, boron, carbon fiber, aluminium, silver, etc. Among various substances, graphene has been deliberated as an acceptable novel filler because of its exceptional properties. In addition to inorganic filler inclusion, natural filler/fiber like hemp, sisal, flax, bamboo, jute, etc. can be utilized in a higher percentage as biodegradable material. The present article assisted to improve thermomechanical properties of neat epoxy. This work identifies and addresses (i) processes used for graphene modification; (ii) treatment utilized for enhancing the binding properties of natural filler; (iii) various natural filler extraction process employed; (iv) neat epoxy modification; and (v) influence of different dimensions of fillers.

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The Age-Depth Profile in the Upper Part of a Steady-State Ice Sheet

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/s0022143000009345 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 35 (121) ◽

pp. 406-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Niels Reeh

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Layer Thickness ◽

Flow Line ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Ice Sheet ◽

Greenland Ice Sheet ◽

Ice Thickness ◽

Western Slope ◽

Simple Models

AbstractSimple analytical models are developed in order to study how up-stream variations in accumulation rate and ice thickness, and horizontal convergence/ divergence of the flow influence the age and annual layer-thickness profiles in a steady-state ice sheet. Generally, a decrease/increase of the accumulation rate and an increase/decrease of the ice thickness in the up-stream direction (i.e. opposite to the flow direction) results in older/younger ice at a given depth in the ice sheet than would result if the up-stream accumulation rate and ice thickness were constant along the flow line.Convergence/divergence of the up-stream flow will decrease/increase the effect of the accumulation-rate and ice-thickness gradients, whereas convergence/divergence has no influence at all on the age and layer-thickness profiles if the up-stream accumulation rate and ice thickness are constant along the flow line.A modified column-flow model, i.e. a model for which the strain-rate profile (or, equivalently, the horizontal velocity profile) is constant down to the depth corresponding to the Holocene/Wisconsinan transition 10 750 year BP., seems to work well for dating the ice back to 10 000–11 000 year B P. at sites in the slope regions of the Greenland ice sheet. For example, the model predicts the experimentally determined age profile at Dye 3 on the south Greenland ice sheet with a relative root-mean-square error of only 3% back to c. 10 700 year B.P. As illustrated by the Milcent location on the western slope of the central Greenland ice sheet, neglecting up-stream accumulation-rate and ice-thickness gradients, may lead to dating errors as large as 3000–000 years for c. 10 000 year old ice.However, even if these gradients are taken into account, the simple model fails to give acceptable ages for 10 000 year old ice at locations on slightly sloping ice ridges with strongly divergent flow, as for example the Camp Century location. The main reason for this failure is that the site of origin of the ice cannot be determined accurately enough by the simple models, if the flow is strongly divergent.With this exception, the simple models are well suited for dating the ice at locations where the available data or the required accuracy do not justify application of elaborate numerical models. The formulae derived for the age-depth profiles can easily be worked out on a pocket calculator, and in many cases will be a sensible alternative to using numerical flow models.

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