Energy security and Russia’s gas strategy: The symbiotic relationship between the state and firms

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mert Bilgin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Firm Behavior ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
State Control ◽  
Energy Strategy ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Energy Companies

The way how Russia ignores the EU’s quest for liberalization and sustains a control over markets and supplies is directly related to her use of gas as leverage. Russia’s strategy affects many European and non-European countries during all stages: demand, supply and transit. It is not, however, possible to generalize a common statement that the EU’s position is based on a policy of market liberalization while Russia pursues an opposing strategy of increased state control. Russian energy strategy leads markets in Europe; sets tone for energy supplies at homeland and abroad, benefiting from a variety of means. This article shows how a symbiotic relationship between the Russian state and Russian energy companies emerge from a structure in which trade, markets and international politics have been embedded within the state interests and firm behavior. It identifies the economic and geopolitical trends with regard to recent developments of Russia’s strategy.

Contradiction of space, centralization of capital, and the hybrid state oil company: The case of Russia

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazen Labban
Keyword(s):  
Oil Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
Hybrid State ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
National Oil Companies ◽  
Russian State ◽  
And Control ◽  
Oil Company ◽  
A New Species

A new species of capital has emerged from the development of inter-capitalist competition in the oil industry. Oil-producing states have fused with financial and productive/extractive capital, foreign and domestic, into hybrid state oil companies. These are centralized monopolies that transcend the historical geographical opposition between private transnational oil companies and national oil companies. As partially nationalized state monopolies, they allow oil-producing states access to global capital markets, while retaining the control of the state over the flow of foreign capital into the domestic oil industry. They thus mediate the contradiction between the integration of capital at the transnational level and its territorial fragmentation at the national scale, only to internalize it in the process. I examine this process in the case of the ongoing consolidation of the Russian oil industry under state control, focusing on two inter-related contradictions: an attempt by the Russian state to liberalize the oil industry, yet shield it against the expansion and control of foreign oil companies; and the dependence of the state on foreign financial capital in the very process of consolidating control over the oil industry.

scholarly journals Topical Issues of the Improvement of Legal Regulation in the Sphere of Subsoil Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Roza N. Salieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Energy ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
Energy Strategy ◽  
Fund Management ◽  
License Agreement ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Law ◽  
The Law

This article examines issues pertaining to the improvement of the legal regulation of subsoil use relations in the Russian Federation. It contains specific proposals on the improvement of subsoil use law. The purpose of the legal regulation of subsoil use relations shall be enshrined in the Russian Law “On Subsoil” according to the objectives of the state energy policy for subsoil use and state subsoil fund management. The Law “On Subsoil” needs to reflect the subsoil use goals of the state described in Russia’s Energy Strategy until 2035. It seems reasonable to include a section containing basic terms and definitions used in the subsoil legislation into the Law “On Subsoil”. It is important to make sure the Law “On Subsoil” contains a rule stating that a license agreement is an integral and mandatory part of a license to help streamline the legal regulation of subsoil use licensing. It is advisable to reinforce the Russian Law “On Subsoil” and codify state control and regulation principles.

scholarly journals Formation of anti-corruption legal consciousness of state and municipal officials of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 11005
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kuzina ◽  
Inga Sagiryan ◽  
Gleb Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
State Control ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Control Of Corruption ◽  
Moving Process

The article is devoted to the state of public legal consciousness of society as a whole, and one of its strata – the governing elite, state and municipal officials, regarding issues related to corruption in Russia. On the way of movement of the Russian state to the civilized principles of construction of modern society there are a lot of difficulties, which should be overcome both by the state power, and the Russian citizens. Such problems are: stereotypical thinking, traditionally forming a neutral and tolerant attitude of Russians to the manifestations of corruption; lack of strict state control of corruption actions of the ruling elite; resistance of the ruling class to the spread of international requirements for the state to fight against corruption, and so on. Bringing Russian anti-corruption legislation into requirements of compliance with the rule of law is a slow-moving process, but the need to improve it has become an urgent need not only for the Russian Federation, but also for the Supreme power.

Studying the History of the State Control in the Russian Empire During the Period of the Duma Monarchy

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Ziqiu Chen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Council Of Ministers

After the establishment of constitutional monarchy in Russia as a result of the 1905–1906 reforms, the position of the Russian State Control (imperial audit service) changed. Formerly relatively independent, the State Control, whose head was directly accountable to the Emperor, now found itself in the united government, i.e. the Council of Ministers. The undermined independence of the State Control provoked a wide public discussion, which involved Duma deputies, employees of the State Control as well as competent Russian economists and financial experts, who made relevant recommendations calling for reducing the number of state institutions that were unaccountable to the audit service and giving the latter more independence. This paper analyses the key works of pre-revolutionary authors published in the early 20th century and devoted to the history of the State Control of the Russian Empire. Both in the imperial period and today, the Russian audit institution, in contrast with political, historical and military topics, has been of primary interest not to historians, but to economists, financiers and lawyers, since it requires special knowledge of the State Control’s technical mechanisms. Based on this, the author selected the following works that require thorough examination: How People’s Money Is Spent in Russia by I.Kh. Ozerov, On the Transformation of the State Control by Yu.V. Tansky, an official anniversary edition State Control. 1811–1911, and Essays on the Russian Budget Law. Part 1 by L.N. Yasnopolsky. The author of this article considers these works to be the highest quality studies on the Russian State Control at the beginning of the 20th century and their analysis to be of unquestionable importance for contemporary research into the history of the Russian audit institution.

scholarly journals Energy Cooperation Ukraine-Poland to Strengthen Energy Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 01009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Koval ◽  
Yevheniia Sribna ◽  
Krzysztof Gaska
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Energy System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Energy Union ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
European System ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
Further Development

The article analyzes the prospects of cooperation between Poland and Ukraine in the field of electric power transmission. In particular, the characteristics of the «Burshtyn Energy Island» are enlightened, which includes Burshtyn TPP, Kalush CHPP and Tereble- Ritsk HPP that are detached from the power system of Ukraine and operate in parallel with the European system ENTSO-E. This island serves as an importer of Ukrainian electric power to European countries through Hungary and Slovakia, respectively, and is synchronized with the European Network of System Operators for Electricity Transmission (ENTSO-E). The main problem of the international transmission of electric current of Ukraine is determined, which is that the whole energy system of Ukraine works within the international energy union of the CIS and Baltic IPS / UPS. At the same time, the integration of Ukraine into the markets of Western European countries requires the break of established connections under the IPS / UPS system and the parallel increase of communications under the ENTSO-E system through Poland, Slovakia, Romania and Hungary. The prospect for the development of the Energy Bridge project, which provides the supply of electric power from the Khmelnitsk NPP to Poland through the Khmelnitsk NPP - Rzeszow, is described. It is proposed the stages for the further development of energy security in the information direction on the introduction of Smart Grid technologies, in which energy companies will be able to manage the whole network as the only flexible digital system, and end users - to clearly regulate their own electricity costs.

scholarly journals A clivagem Estado-Igreja na Monarquia Liberal (1820-1910)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-29
Author(s):  
Manuel M. Cardoso Leal
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Catholic Identity ◽  
Economic Base ◽  
State Control ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
Parish Priests ◽  
The Church

After the serious conflict that opposed the Catholic Church to the liberal State in the 1820s and 1830s, in Portugal, the Church was deprived of its economic base and subject to the state control in the appointment of bishops and parish priests. But unlike other European countries, this cleavage did not, as has been tried, give rise to a relevant “catholic” party. To this end, the State (with the consent of the main parties) avoided any break in the country's Catholic identity, keeping the Catholic religion as an official religion and integrating the hierarchy and other clergy into political functions. At the end of the regime, republicanism grew inspired by a secular anti-clericalism

scholarly journals TOPICAL ISSUES OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF LEGAL REGULATION IN THE SPHERE OF SUBSOIL USE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Roza N. Salieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Energy ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
Energy Strategy ◽  
Fund Management ◽  
License Agreement ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Law ◽  
The Law

This article examines issues pertaining to the improvement of the legal regulation of subsoil use relations in the Russian Federation. It contains specific proposals on the improvement of subsoil use law. The purpose of the legal regulation of subsoil use relations shall be enshrined in the Russian Law “On Subsoil” according to the objectives of the state energy policy for subsoil use and state subsoil fund management. The Law “On Subsoil” needs to reflect the subsoil use goals of the state described in Russia’s Energy Strategy until 2035. It seems reasonable to include a section containing basic terms and definitions used in the subsoil legislation into the Law “On Subsoil”. It is important to make sure the Law “On Subsoil” contains a rule stating that a license agreement is an integral and mandatory part of a license to help streamline the legal regulation of subsoil use licensing. It is advisable to reinforce the Russian Law “On Subsoil” and codify state control and regulation principles.

scholarly journals Transboundary nomadism in the USSR in the 1920s

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-604
Author(s):  
Fedor L. Sinitsyn
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Status ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Archives ◽  
History Of Migration

Abstarct: In the context of the history of migration processes among nomadic peoples, the present article studies transboundary nomadism between the USSR and neighboring countries in the 1920s as well as the Soviet policy on these processes. The author discusses the border areas of the east and south of the USSR and such neighboring states as China, Mongolia, Tuva, Afghanistan, and Persia. The article is written on a broad source base, which includes both published and unpublished documents identifi ed by the author in the Russian State Military Archives (RGVA), the Russian State Archives of Socio-Political History (RGASPI) and the Aginsky Branch of the State Archives of the Trans-Baikal Territory (AFGAZK). The article demonstrates the important strategic role of border nomadic regions, in particular, of Buryatia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan. After the 1917 revolutionary events in Russia, migrations from these territories were motivated not only by economic but also by political reasons, with the nomads escaping from state control and subsequently participating in anti-Soviet uprisings and in the Basmachi movement. The author argues that the Soviet leadership was eager to uphold the status quo on its borderlands. By the 1930s the USSR established full control over migration processes, minimizing or completely eliminating the transboundary nomadism. This was framed as a question of securing the state´s borders against a capitalist environment, but also of preventing the penetration of hostile ideology from abroad.

Introduction: Exploring Russian nationalisms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Kolstø ◽  
Helge Blakkisrud
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Part Structure

Russian societal nationalism comes in various guises, both ethnic and imperialist. Also Putin’s rhetoric is marked by the tensions between ethnic and state-focused, imperialist thinking. Noting the complex interplay of state nationalism and societal nationalism, this introductory chapter examines the mental framework within which Russian politicians were acting prior to the decision to annex Crimea. The chapter develops a typology of Russian nationalisms, surveys recent developments, and presents the three-part structure of this book: official nationalism, radical and other societal nationalisms, and identities/otherings. It concludes that after the annexation of Crimea, when the state took over the agenda of both ethnic and imperialist nationalists in Russia, societal nationalism finds itself at low ebb.

Парламент или Советы: российский выбор 1918 года

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Игорь А. Исаев
Keyword(s):  
Legal History ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Political Form ◽  
The Revolution

The article deals with one of the most important issues in the Soviet political and legal history. The choice of the political form that was established almost immediately after the victory of the Bolsheviks in the Revolution of 1917, meant a change in the direction of development of the state. Councils became an alternative to the parliamentary republic. The article analyzes the basic principles of both political systems and the reasons for such a choice. The author emphasizes transnational political direction of the so-called “direct action” which took place not only in Russia, but also in several European countries.

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