The Physiological Parameters to Compare for Drought between Early Stage in Pot and Mature Stage in Field for Melons

In higher eukaryotes, glucosylceramide is the simplest member and precursor of a fascinating class of membrane lipids, the glycosphingolipids. These lipids display an astounding variation in their carbohydrate head groups, suggesting that glycosphingolipids serve specialized functions in recognition processes. It is now realized that they are organized in signalling domains on the cell surface. They are of vital importance as, in their absence, embryonal development is inhibited at an early stage. Remarkably, individual cells can live without glycolipids, perhaps because their survival does not depend on glycosphingolipid–mediated signalling mechanisms. Still, these cells suffer from defects in intracellular membrane transport. Various membrane proteins do not reach their intracellular destination, and, indeed, some intracellular organelles do not properly differentiate to their mature stage. The fact that glycosphingolipids are required for cellular differentiation suggests that there are human diseases resulting from defects in glycosphingolipid synthesis. In addition, the same cellular differentiation processes may be affected by defects in the degradation of glycosphingolipids. At the cellular level, the pathology of glycosphingolipid storage diseases is not completely understood. Cell biological studies on the intracellular fate and function of glycosphingolipids may open new ways to understand and defeat not only lipid storage diseases, but perhaps other diseases that have not been connected to glycosphingolipids so far.

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Magnesium metabolism in the dairy cow IV. The availability of the magnesium in various feedingstuffs

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600015240 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 225-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

J. A. F. Rook ◽

R. C. Campling

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Red Clover ◽

Barley Straw ◽

Mature Stage ◽

Stages Of Growth ◽

Oil Cakes ◽

Dietary Magnesium ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Daily Intakes ◽

Protein Rich

1. The ‘availability’ of the magnesium of diets consisting solely of roughage or succulent feeds, including herbages cut at different seasons and at different stages of growth, and of diets of hay supplemented with various concentrate feeds, was assessed in metabolism trials conducted with two non-pregnant, non-lactating Shorthorn cows.2. The highest daily intakes of magnesium (1720 g./day) were provided by a diet of red clover: grasses and hays generally gave a considerably lower intake of magnesium (8–10 g./day), and most of the other diets provided intermediate amounts. However, with timothy hay and barley straw, intakes of 5 and 2 g./day, respectively, were recorded. Supplements to a diet of hay of dairy cubes or of oilcakes rich in protein gave a massive increase in magnesium intake but a supplement of flaked maize provided little additional magnesium.3. The ‘availability’ of the magnesium of the diets was generally low, within the range of 5–30%. With diets of single feeds no clear distinction between the various roughages and succulents in the ‘availability’ of their magnesium was established, though within the group of herbages the lowest values tended to occur with grasses cut at an early stage of growth and the highest values at the mature stage. A supplement of flaked maize increased the ‘availability’ of dietary magnesium and one of protein-rich oil cakes decreased the ‘availability’ of dietary magnesium.4. The results are discussed in relation to the development of hypomagnesaemia in cattle grazing spring pasture.

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Progressive Decline in Xylem Inflow into Developing Plums

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci16012-21 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Bishnu P. Khanal ◽

Indu Acharya ◽

Moritz Knoche

Keyword(s):

Water Movement ◽

Early Stage ◽

Water Inflow ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Mature Stage ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Progressive Decline ◽

Progressive Loss ◽

Fruit Skin ◽

Xylem Function

Recent evidence suggests xylem functionality may decline in developing European plums. Loss of xylem function may have negative consequences for fruit quality. The aim of this study was to establish and localize the loss of xylem functionality, both spatially and temporally using detached fruit. Fruit were detached from the tree under water and fed through a capillary mounted on the cut end of the pedicel. The rate of water movement through the capillary was recorded. Fruit were held above dry silica gel [≈0% relative humidity (RH)] or above water (≈100% RH) to maximize or minimize transpiration, respectively. Water inflow rate depended on developmental stage. It increased from stage I to a maximum at early stage III and then decreased until maturity. Feeding acid fuchsin to developing fruit revealed a progressive decline in dye distribution. The decline progressed basipetally, from the stylar end toward the stem end. At the mature stage III, only the pedicel/fruit junction was stained. The same pattern was observed in four further plum cultivars at the mature stage III. The inflow into early stage III fruit decreased as the RH increased. In contrast, the inflow was less dependent of RH at the mature stage III. Abrading the fruit skin cuticle had no effect on water inflow during early and mature stage III but did markedly increase fruit transpiration rate. Decreasing the osmotic potential (more concentrated) of the feeding solution decreased the water inflow. Our results indicate a progressive loss of xylem functionality in European plum. Transpiration and osmotic pull are the main drivers of this xylem inflow.

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Clinical features and outcome in childhood T-cell leukemia-lymphoma according to stage of thymocyte differentiation: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v72.6.1891.bloodjournal7261891 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 72 (6) ◽

pp. 1891-1897

Author(s):

WM Crist ◽

JJ Shuster ◽

J Falletta ◽

DJ Pullen ◽

CW Berard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Mediastinal Mass ◽

Early Stage ◽

Mature Stage ◽

Remission Induction ◽

Induction Treatment ◽

Lymphoid Leukemia ◽

Maturational Stage ◽

Thymocyte Differentiation

The immunophenotypes of lymphoblasts from children with newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoid leukemia (T-ALL, n = 101) or T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (T-NHL, n = 31) were analyzed to correlate stage of thymocyte differentiation with clinical features and outcome. The 67 boys and 34 girls with T-ALL were 1 month to 18 years old (median, 8 years) with leukocyte counts ranging from 2 to 810 x 10(9)/L (median, 55 x 10(9)/L). Eighteen of these patients were black, and 70 had a mediastinal mass. Twenty-six boys and five girls with a median age of 9 years (range, 1 to 20 years) had T-NHL. Seven of these patients were black, and 24 had a mediastinal mass. The distributions of thymocyte developmental stages (early [CD7+], intermediate [CD1+ and/or CD4+ and/or CD8+], and mature [CD3+]) in cases of T-ALL and T-NHL were significantly different: 34%, 43%, and 23% v 6%, 62%, and 32% (P = .02). A comparison of the patients' clinical features according to the maturational stage of thymocytes failed to disclose significant differences in the majority of characteristics studied. However, patients with mature-stage T-NHL, with or without the addition of subjects with mature-stage T-ALL, were less likely to have a mediastinal mass (P = .02 for both comparisons). Those with intermediate-stage T-cell malignancy (T-ALL and T-NHL combined) were the subgroup most likely to have a mediastinal mass (P = .01). Response to remission induction therapy was significantly worse in the T-ALL subgroup with an early-stage phenotype: a failure rate of 21% v 0% and 6% for the two more differentiated phenotypic subgroups (P = .007). Event-free survival was not affected by thymocyte maturational stage in cases of either T-ALL or T-NHL. Despite evidence of clinical heterogeneity among the maturational stages of T-cell malignancies in children, these developmental subdivisions do not appear to be critical determinants of outcome once remission is achieved. We conclude that such phenotypes need not be included in the stratification plans for clinical trials using common induction treatment.

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Exploring Early Pre-Symptomatic Detection of Influenza Using Continuous Monitoring of Advanced Physiological Parameters during a Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10215202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 5202

Author(s):

Nir Goldstein ◽

Arik Eisenkraft ◽

Carlos J. Arguello ◽

Ge Justin Yang ◽

Efrat Sand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Viral Load ◽

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Early Stage ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Predicting Factors ◽

Data Points ◽

Using Data

Early detection of influenza may improve responses against outbreaks. This study was part of a clinical study assessing the efficacy of a novel influenza vaccine, aiming to discover distinct, highly predictive patterns of pre-symptomatic illness based on changes in advanced physiological parameters using a novel wearable sensor. Participants were frequently monitored 24 h before and for nine days after the influenza challenge. Viral load was measured daily, and self-reported symptoms were collected twice a day. The Random Forest classifier model was used to classify the participants based on changes in the measured parameters. A total of 116 participants with ~3,400,000 data points were included. Changes in parameters were detected at an early stage of the disease, before the development of symptomatic illness. Heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance showed the greatest changes in the third post-exposure day, correlating with viral load. Applying the classifier model identified participants as flu-positive or negative with an accuracy of 0.81 ± 0.05 two days before major symptoms appeared. Cardiac index and diastolic blood pressure were the leading predicting factors when using data from the first and second day. This study suggests that frequent remote monitoring of advanced physiological parameters may provide early pre-symptomatic detection of flu.

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Clinical features and outcome in childhood T-cell leukemia-lymphoma according to stage of thymocyte differentiation: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v72.6.1891.1891 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 72 (6) ◽

pp. 1891-1897 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

WM Crist ◽

JJ Shuster ◽

J Falletta ◽

DJ Pullen ◽

CW Berard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Mediastinal Mass ◽

Early Stage ◽

Mature Stage ◽

Remission Induction ◽

Induction Treatment ◽

Lymphoid Leukemia ◽

Maturational Stage ◽

Thymocyte Differentiation

Abstract The immunophenotypes of lymphoblasts from children with newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoid leukemia (T-ALL, n = 101) or T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (T-NHL, n = 31) were analyzed to correlate stage of thymocyte differentiation with clinical features and outcome. The 67 boys and 34 girls with T-ALL were 1 month to 18 years old (median, 8 years) with leukocyte counts ranging from 2 to 810 x 10(9)/L (median, 55 x 10(9)/L). Eighteen of these patients were black, and 70 had a mediastinal mass. Twenty-six boys and five girls with a median age of 9 years (range, 1 to 20 years) had T-NHL. Seven of these patients were black, and 24 had a mediastinal mass. The distributions of thymocyte developmental stages (early [CD7+], intermediate [CD1+ and/or CD4+ and/or CD8+], and mature [CD3+]) in cases of T-ALL and T-NHL were significantly different: 34%, 43%, and 23% v 6%, 62%, and 32% (P = .02). A comparison of the patients' clinical features according to the maturational stage of thymocytes failed to disclose significant differences in the majority of characteristics studied. However, patients with mature-stage T-NHL, with or without the addition of subjects with mature-stage T-ALL, were less likely to have a mediastinal mass (P = .02 for both comparisons). Those with intermediate-stage T-cell malignancy (T-ALL and T-NHL combined) were the subgroup most likely to have a mediastinal mass (P = .01). Response to remission induction therapy was significantly worse in the T-ALL subgroup with an early-stage phenotype: a failure rate of 21% v 0% and 6% for the two more differentiated phenotypic subgroups (P = .007). Event-free survival was not affected by thymocyte maturational stage in cases of either T-ALL or T-NHL. Despite evidence of clinical heterogeneity among the maturational stages of T-cell malignancies in children, these developmental subdivisions do not appear to be critical determinants of outcome once remission is achieved. We conclude that such phenotypes need not be included in the stratification plans for clinical trials using common induction treatment.

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Magnesium metabolism in the dairy cow. III. The intake and excretion of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, water and dry matter in relation to the development of hypomagnesaemia

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600008868 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 103-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. A. F. Rook ◽

C. C. Balch

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Early Stage ◽

Mean Value ◽

Mature Stage ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Average Intake ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

Similar Range ◽

Grass Sward ◽

Winter Diets

1. Information, obtained in the metabolism experiments described previously (Rook et al. 1958; Rook & Balch, 1958), is given on the intake and oxcretion, of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, water and dry matter by milking cows receiving winter-stall diets or cut-grass in the stall.2. Grass diets cut from swards at an early stage of growth gave a lower intake of calcium, a lower Ca:P ratio and a lower intake of alkaline earth alkali (Ca + Mg – P in g. equiv./day) than did typical winter diets or a grass diet cut from a sward at a mature stage of growth.3. The intake of potassium was considerably higher with the grass diets (mean value, 327 g./day) than with the typical winter diets (mean value, 181 g./day). The intake of sodium, however, showed a similar range for cut-grass and winter stall diets, but the lowest average intake, of about 10 g./day, was with an early cut of a cocksfoot/rye-grass sward.4. The water ingested with the food was highest with the cut-grass diets but this was largely compensated for by a decrease in the water drunk. In a few individual animals, however, diuresis developed a few days after the feeding of grass was commenced and this was associated with a marked increase in the water drunk.5. No major difference in the metabolism of sodium, potassium or water was observed between the cut grass diets and the winter diets and the results obtained do not support the view that the fluidity of faeces of cattle at pasture in the spring is indicative of diarrhoea and is associated with an excessive loss of nutrients via athe faecal route.6. There was no evidence to suggest that the development of hypomagnesaemia was related to the amounts of calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium consumed and excreted with the cut grass diets.

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The development, recognition, and learning mechanisms of animal-like neural network

10.1101/535724 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Feng Qi

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Early Stage ◽

Neural Mechanism ◽

Neural System ◽

Mature Stage ◽

Object Identity ◽

Learning Mechanisms ◽

Novel Structure ◽

Structure Recognition

How animal neural system addresses the object identity-preserving recognition problem is largely unknown. Artificial neural network such as convolution network (CNN) has reached human level performance in recognition tasks, however, animal neural system does not support such kernel scanning operation across retinal neurons, and thus the neuronal responses do not match that of CNN units. Here, we used an alternative recognition-reconstruction network (RRN) architecture as an analogy to animal-like system, and the resulting neural characteristics agreed fairly well with electrophysiological measurements in monkey studies. First, in network development study, the RRN also experienced critical developmental stages characterized by specificities in neuronal types, connectivity strength and firing pattern, from early stage of coarse salience map recognition to mature stage of fine structure recognition. In digit recognition study, we witnessed that the RRN could maintain object invariance representation under various viewing conditions by coordinated adjustment of responses of population neurons. And such concerted population responses contained untangled object identity and properties information that could be accurately extracted via a simple weighted summation decoder. In the learning and forgetting study, novel structure recognition was implemented by adjusting entire synapses in low magnitude while pattern specificities of original synaptic connectivity were preserved, which guaranteed a learning process without disrupting the existing functionalities. This work benefits the understanding of human neural mechanism and the development of humane-like intelligence.

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Effect of the Change of Nitrite Content in Natural Fermentation on the Edible Security of Chinese Sauerkraut

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.859 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 726-731 ◽

pp. 859-862 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shu Du ◽

Jun Rui Wu ◽

Xin Sun ◽

Xi Qing Yue

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Mature Stage ◽

Natural Fermentation ◽

Low Level ◽

Security Problem ◽

Nitrite Content

During the course of fermentation of Chinese sauerkraut, it would produce nitrite. However, the presence of nitrite made Chinese sauerkraut cause edible security problem. In this study, the change regularity of nitrite during natural fermentation was analysed, and the best edible time was determined. The results showed that content of nitrite was increased in the early stage of fermentation, after reaching to a peaking content, it reduced significantly to a low level, and then it changed little at the mature stage. That is to say, it could guarantee the edible security when Chinese sauerkraut matured.

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