Magnesium metabolism in the dairy cow IV. The availability of the magnesium in various feedingstuffs

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. F. Rook ◽  
R. C. Campling
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Oil Cakes ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Protein Rich

1. The ‘availability’ of the magnesium of diets consisting solely of roughage or succulent feeds, including herbages cut at different seasons and at different stages of growth, and of diets of hay supplemented with various concentrate feeds, was assessed in metabolism trials conducted with two non-pregnant, non-lactating Shorthorn cows.2. The highest daily intakes of magnesium (1720 g./day) were provided by a diet of red clover: grasses and hays generally gave a considerably lower intake of magnesium (8–10 g./day), and most of the other diets provided intermediate amounts. However, with timothy hay and barley straw, intakes of 5 and 2 g./day, respectively, were recorded. Supplements to a diet of hay of dairy cubes or of oilcakes rich in protein gave a massive increase in magnesium intake but a supplement of flaked maize provided little additional magnesium.3. The ‘availability’ of the magnesium of the diets was generally low, within the range of 5–30%. With diets of single feeds no clear distinction between the various roughages and succulents in the ‘availability’ of their magnesium was established, though within the group of herbages the lowest values tended to occur with grasses cut at an early stage of growth and the highest values at the mature stage. A supplement of flaked maize increased the ‘availability’ of dietary magnesium and one of protein-rich oil cakes decreased the ‘availability’ of dietary magnesium.4. The results are discussed in relation to the development of hypomagnesaemia in cattle grazing spring pasture.

Nitrogen utilisation by lambs offered red clover and lucerne silages harvested at two different stages of growth

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 95-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Fraser ◽  
M.H.M. Speijers ◽  
S.T. Evans ◽  
R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
High Production ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Ensiled grass is presently the major source of winter feed for dairy cows and other livestock in the UK. However, the quality and quantity of protein in grass silage tends to limit its use for milk production, which means that bought-in concentrate supplements must be fed to maintain high production levels. Whilst forage legumes such as red clover and lucerne appear to have potential as home-grown, protein-rich feeds for livestock (Frame et al., 1998), there is very little information available regarding their nutritive value when ensiled. The aim of this study was to compare the N balance of lambs offered red clover and lucerne silages harvested at two different growth stages.

Density and X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Jute at Different Stages of Growth

1977 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Mukhopadhyay ◽  
A. C. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chain Molecules ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Disordered Structure ◽  
Stages Of Growth

Fine structure of jute fiber at different stages of growth is discussed on the basis of density and x-ray diffraction data. In the very early stage, density is much higher than in the mature stage. X-ray photographs suggest a more ordered but less oriented arrangement of the chain molecules. It is suggested that lignin remains more or less as a separate phase in the early stage, allowing better ordering and closer packing of the cellulose chains. With growth, lignin infiltrates into the cell wall and forms stronger bonds with the cellulose chains, pushing the chains farther apart, resulting in a more disordered structure and a less compact packing of the chains. Since, with growth, the structure becomes more open, the density falls. A corroboration of the above picture is provided by the much higher degree of mercerization of the fiber in the very early stage as compared with what is obtained with mature fiber.

scholarly journals The fate and function of glycosphingolipid glucosylceramide

2003 ◽  
Vol 358 (1433) ◽  
pp. 869-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit van Meer ◽  
Jasja Wolthoorn ◽  
Sophie Degroote
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Storage Diseases ◽  
Head Groups ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Intracellular Membrane Transport ◽  
And Function

In higher eukaryotes, glucosylceramide is the simplest member and precursor of a fascinating class of membrane lipids, the glycosphingolipids. These lipids display an astounding variation in their carbohydrate head groups, suggesting that glycosphingolipids serve specialized functions in recognition processes. It is now realized that they are organized in signalling domains on the cell surface. They are of vital importance as, in their absence, embryonal development is inhibited at an early stage. Remarkably, individual cells can live without glycolipids, perhaps because their survival does not depend on glycosphingolipid–mediated signalling mechanisms. Still, these cells suffer from defects in intracellular membrane transport. Various membrane proteins do not reach their intracellular destination, and, indeed, some intracellular organelles do not properly differentiate to their mature stage. The fact that glycosphingolipids are required for cellular differentiation suggests that there are human diseases resulting from defects in glycosphingolipid synthesis. In addition, the same cellular differentiation processes may be affected by defects in the degradation of glycosphingolipids. At the cellular level, the pathology of glycosphingolipid storage diseases is not completely understood. Cell biological studies on the intracellular fate and function of glycosphingolipids may open new ways to understand and defeat not only lipid storage diseases, but perhaps other diseases that have not been connected to glycosphingolipids so far.

Ecology of the rare but irruptive Pilliga mouse, Pseudomys pilligaensis. III. Dietary ecology

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Tokushima ◽  
Peter J. Jarman
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Wild Fire ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Dietary Ecology ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Diverse Plant Species ◽  
Diverse Plant ◽  
Seeds And Fruits

The diet of the Pilliga mouse, Pseudomys pilligaensis, was analysed from 430 faecal samples collected from ~340 individuals across different seasons over a period of five years that included a wild fire and subsequent irruption and sharp decline of the population. The primary food items in all seasons were seeds and fruits from diverse plant species, but the mice also consumed a wide range of other foods, including leaves, invertebrates, fungi and mosses. Invertebrates, the second most abundant type of food item, were eaten in all seasons but, with fungi, increased in winter and spring when consumption of seeds and fruits declined. Mice consumed significantly more fungi and mosses before the wild fire than after it. Diets differed between sites rather little in the proportions of food categories, but greatly in the relative proportions of particular seed types in the seed+fruit category. The population irruption could have been triggered by a high reproductive rate that coincided with higher consumption by females of protein-rich foods such as invertebrates and fungi. Population density collapsed at sites as soil stores of utilisable seeds became depleted, mice surviving where their diet could remain diverse.

scholarly journals Dynamics and Spatial Shape of Short-Period Meteoroid Streams

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.B. Babadzhanov ◽  
Yu.V. Obrubov
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Meteor Showers ◽  
Meteoroid Streams ◽  
Small Thickness ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Stream Width ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Spatial Shape

AbstractAt the early stage of evolution the meteoroid streams may be considered as elliptical rings of relatively small thickness. The influence of planetary perturbations can essentially increase the stream width and its thickness. As a result one stream may produce several couples of meteor showers active in different seasons of the year. 22 short-period meteoroid streams under review may theoretically produce 104 meteor showers. The existence of 67 is confirmed by observations.

SIZE OF INOCULUM, STIMULATION, AND INHIBITION OF GROWTH IN ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Meyrath ◽  
A. F. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Deep Culture ◽  
Favorable Influence ◽  
Late Stages

Culture filtrates from surface and deep cultures of Aspergillus oryzae were tested for the presence of stimulatory and inhibitory substances, by examining the effect of the nitrates, when added with the inoculum, on growth rate and maximum yield of stationary cultures of the same organism. Filtrates were prepared from various stages of both large- and small-inoculum cultures by each method of growth.Both stimulatory and inhibitory substances were found. Inhibitory substances predominated in the filtrates from early stages of a small-inoculum culture, more especially when these were derived from a deep culture, which showed a pronounced effect of inoculum size. At other stages of growth of small-inoculum cultures and all stages of growth of large-inoculum cultures tested, stimulatory substances were found.It is emphasized that the stage of production of such substances is of crucial importance. Inhibitory substances acting at an early stage of growth of small-inoculum cultures have an adverse effect on growth of late stages. If, however, stimulatory substances are present in sufficiently high concentration at a sufficiently early age, as in large-inoculum cultures, they exert a favorable influence on later stages of growth. These phenomena explain the effects of inoculum size.

scholarly journals The Physiological Parameters to Compare for Drought between Early Stage in Pot and Mature Stage in Field for Melons

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yildiz Dasgan ◽  
Yelderem Akhoundnejad ◽  
Gokce Coban ◽  
Sebnem Kusvuran
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Mature Stage

scholarly journals Progressive Decline in Xylem Inflow into Developing Plums

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bishnu P. Khanal ◽  
Indu Acharya ◽  
Moritz Knoche
Keyword(s):  
Water Movement ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Water Inflow ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Xylem Function

Recent evidence suggests xylem functionality may decline in developing European plums. Loss of xylem function may have negative consequences for fruit quality. The aim of this study was to establish and localize the loss of xylem functionality, both spatially and temporally using detached fruit. Fruit were detached from the tree under water and fed through a capillary mounted on the cut end of the pedicel. The rate of water movement through the capillary was recorded. Fruit were held above dry silica gel [≈0% relative humidity (RH)] or above water (≈100% RH) to maximize or minimize transpiration, respectively. Water inflow rate depended on developmental stage. It increased from stage I to a maximum at early stage III and then decreased until maturity. Feeding acid fuchsin to developing fruit revealed a progressive decline in dye distribution. The decline progressed basipetally, from the stylar end toward the stem end. At the mature stage III, only the pedicel/fruit junction was stained. The same pattern was observed in four further plum cultivars at the mature stage III. The inflow into early stage III fruit decreased as the RH increased. In contrast, the inflow was less dependent of RH at the mature stage III. Abrading the fruit skin cuticle had no effect on water inflow during early and mature stage III but did markedly increase fruit transpiration rate. Decreasing the osmotic potential (more concentrated) of the feeding solution decreased the water inflow. Our results indicate a progressive loss of xylem functionality in European plum. Transpiration and osmotic pull are the main drivers of this xylem inflow.

scholarly journals Estimation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) forage quality parameters depending on the stage of growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1563-1569
Author(s):  
J. Markovic ◽  
R. Strbanovic ◽  
D. Terzic ◽  
R. Stanisavljevic ◽  
D. Djokic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes that take place in nutrient values of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cv K-27 at different stages of growth in the second and the third cut. The samples from different stages of growth: mid-bud stage, around 60% flowering and full flowering were investigated for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI), relative feed value (RFV), total digestible nutrients (TDN), net energy-lactation (NEl), net energy-maintenance (NEm) and net energy-gain (NEg) content. Higher content of crude protein was found in the third cut (262.1 g kg-1 of DM) than in the second cut (260.8 g kg-1 of DM) in the first stage of development. TDN, DDM, DMI, RFV, NEl, NEm and NEg were calculated according to the appropriate equations adapted from common formulas for forages. The stage of plant development has a significant influence on the chemical composition and the relative feed value of red clover. The achieved results show that adequate maturity stage for cutting might be at mid-bloom stage, when crude protein content, NEl, NEm and NEg content are high.

scholarly journals Domesticated Populations of Codium tomentosum Display Lipid Extracts with Lower Seasonal Shifts than Conspecifics from the Wild—Relevance for Biotechnological Applications of this Green Seaweed

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felisa Rey ◽  
Paulo Cartaxana ◽  
Tânia Melo ◽  
Ricardo Calado ◽  
Rui Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Lipid Extract ◽  
Green Macroalgae ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Green Seaweed

In the last decades, the use of algae in biotechnology and food industries has experienced an exponential growth. Codium tomentosum is a green macroalgae with high biotechnological potential, due to its rich lipidome, although few studies have addressed it. This study aimed to investigate the seasonal changes in lipid and pigment profiles of C. tomentosum, as well as to screen its antioxidant activity, in order to evaluate its natural plasticity. Samples of C. tomentosum were collected in two different seasons, early-autumn (September/October) and spring (May), in the Portuguese coast (wild samples), and in a land-based integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) system (IMTA samples). Total lipid extracts were analysed by LC–MS, GC–MS, and HPLC, and antioxidant activity was screened through free radical scavenging potential against DPPH and 2,20-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals. Wild samples showed a high seasonal variability, modifying their lipidome and pigment profiles according to environmental shifts, while IMTA samples showed a relatively stable composition due to early-stage culturing in controlled conditions. The lipids that contributed the most to seasonal discrimination were glycolipids (monogalactosyl diacylglycerol - MGDG and digalactosyl diacylglycerol - DGDG) and the lyso forms of phospholipids and glycolipids. Lipid extracts showed antioxidant activity ranging from 61 ± 2 to 115 ± 35 µmol Trolox g−1 of lipid extract in DPPH assay and from 532 ± 73 to 927 ± 92 µmol Trolox g−1 of lipid extract in ABTS assay, with a more intense antioxidant activity in wild spring samples. This study revealed that wild specimens of C. tomentosum presented a higher plasticity to cope with seasonal environmental changes, adjusting their lipid, pigment, and bioactivity profiles, while IMTA samples, cultured under controlled conditions, displayed more stable lipidome and pigment compositions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document