Holocene rapid climate changes and ice-rafting debris events reflected in high-resolution European charcoal records

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 105877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Florescu ◽  
Kendrick J. Brown ◽  
Vachel A. Carter ◽  
Petr Kuneš ◽  
Siim Veski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Ice Rafting

scholarly journals d4PDF: large-ensemble and high-resolution climate simulations for global warming risk assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Ishii ◽  
Nobuhito Mori
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Atmospheric Models ◽  
Large Ensemble ◽  
Past Climate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Climate Simulations

Abstract A large-ensemble climate simulation database, which is known as the database for policy decision-making for future climate changes (d4PDF), was designed for climate change risk assessments. Since the completion of the first set of climate simulations in 2015, the database has been growing continuously. It contains the results of ensemble simulations conducted over a total of thousands years respectively for past and future climates using high-resolution global (60 km horizontal mesh) and regional (20 km mesh) atmospheric models. Several sets of future climate simulations are available, in which global mean surface air temperatures are forced to be higher by 4 K, 2 K, and 1.5 K relative to preindustrial levels. Nonwarming past climate simulations are incorporated in d4PDF along with the past climate simulations. The total data volume is approximately 2 petabytes. The atmospheric models satisfactorily simulate the past climate in terms of climatology, natural variations, and extreme events such as heavy precipitation and tropical cyclones. In addition, data users can obtain statistically significant changes in mean states or weather and climate extremes of interest between the past and future climates via a simple arithmetic computation without any statistical assumptions. The database is helpful in understanding future changes in climate states and in attributing past climate events to global warming. Impact assessment studies for climate changes have concurrently been performed in various research areas such as natural hazard, hydrology, civil engineering, agriculture, health, and insurance. The database has now become essential for promoting climate and risk assessment studies and for devising climate adaptation policies. Moreover, it has helped in establishing an interdisciplinary research community on global warming across Japan.

scholarly journals Abrupt climate changes during Termination III in Southern Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (38) ◽  
pp. 10047-10052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Pérez-Mejías ◽  
Ana Moreno ◽  
Carlos Sancho ◽  
Miguel Bartolomé ◽  
Heather Stoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Marine Isotope Stage ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Vegetation Productivity ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Millennial Scale

The Late Quaternary glacial–interglacial transitions represent the highest amplitude climate changes over the last million years. Unraveling the sequence of events and feedbacks at Termination III (T-III), including potential abrupt climate reversals similar to those of the last Termination, has been particularly challenging due to the scarcity of well-dated records worldwide. Here, we present speleothem data from southern Europe covering the interval from 262.7 to 217.9 kyBP, including the transition from marine isotope stage (MIS) 8 to MIS 7e. High-resolution δ13C, δ18O, and Mg/Ca profiles reveal major millennial-scale changes in aridity manifested in changing water availability and vegetation productivity. uranium–thorium dates provide a solid chronology for two millennial-scale events (S8.1 and S8.2) which, compared with the last two terminations, has some common features with Heinrich 1 and Heinrich 2 in Termination I (T-I).

scholarly journals Climate variability in the Spanish Pyrenees during the last 30,000 yr revealed by the El Portalet sequence

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. González-Sampériz ◽  
B.L. Valero-Garcés ◽  
A. Moreno ◽  
G. Jalut ◽  
J.M. García-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The North ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Spanish Pyrenees

AbstractPalynological, sedimentological and stable isotopic analyses of carbonates and organic matter performed on the El Portalet sequence (1802 m a.s.l., 42°48′00ʺN, 0°23′52ʺW) reflect the paleoclimatic evolution and vegetation history in the central-western Spanish Pyrenees over the last 30,000 yr, and provide a high-resolution record for the late glacial period. Our results confirm previous observations that deglaciation occurred earlier in the Pyrenees than in northern European and Alpine sites and point to a glacial readvance from 22,500 to 18,000 cal yr BP, coinciding with the global last glacial maximum. The patterns shown by the new, high-resolution pollen data from this continental sequence, chronologically constrained by 13 AMS 14C dates, seem to correlate with the rapid climate changes recorded in Greenland ice cores during the last glacial–interglacial transition. Abrupt events observed in northern latitudes (Heinrich events 3 to 1, Oldest and Older Dryas stades, Intra-Allerød Cold Period, and 8200 cal yr BP event) were also identified for the first time in a lacustrine sequence from the central-western Pyrenees as cold and arid periods. The coherent response of the vegetation and the lake system to abrupt climate changes implies an efficient translation of climate variability from the North Atlantic to mid latitudes.

First high-resolution dated records of vegetation and climate changes on the Lake Baikal northern shore in the middle-late Holocene

2006 ◽  
Vol 411 (1) ◽  
pp. 1331-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Bezrukova ◽  
A. V. Belov ◽  
A. A. Abzaeva ◽  
P. P. Letunova ◽  
L. A. Orlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Northern Shore ◽  
Vegetation And Climate

scholarly journals Impacts on Estuarine Ecosystem from Climate Changes Based on Modeling Experiments within Delaware Bay

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Delaware Bay ◽  
Estuarine Ecosystem ◽  
Salt Intrusion ◽  
Shear Dispersion ◽  
Freshwater Resource

Coastal regions concentrate ecological behaviors, have more observations, permit high-resolution modeling, and serve as a good climate-changing sensor. For the Delaware Bay, a high-resolution hydro-dynamical model (ROMS) was tailored, validated and applied to hindcast its largely unrecorded physical environment, to investigate the roles of the physical environment influencing oyster diseases, and to inquire into the future fate of the bay in response to climate changes. Sensitivity studies suggested that 50-100-cm sea-level rise (SLR) in approximately 50-100 years may occur and salinize the Delaware Bay mainly through weakening salinity gradient and salt advection due to the intensified mixing induced by the widened bay. Highly correlating to mixing and therefore changing salt advection, the width of the bay mattered to salt intrusion distance more than the depth of the bay did. This conclusion is differenet than that from the classic theories that emphasize the depth in influencing the salt intrusion distance via the steady shear dispersion. The SLR-induced salinization may not be offset by intensified river flow input, but may be substantially mitigated by fixing the coastline (or width). Climate warming may warm the shallow and thermally sensitive bay. The warm and salty conditions would compromise freshwater resource in the upper bay and be generally unfavorable to oysters by promoting oyster diseases (i.e., MSX and Dermo). Salinization might occur in other similar estuaries of narrow geometry, shallow depth, and small volume.

Climate changes in East China since the Late-glacial inferred from high-resolution mountain peat humification records

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
ChunMei Ma ◽  
Cheng Zhu ◽  
ChaoGui Zheng ◽  
Qian Yin ◽  
ZhiPing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
East China

scholarly journals Centennial to millennial climate variability in the far northwestern Pacific (off Kamchatka) and its linkage to the East Asian monsoon and North Atlantic from the Last Glacial Maximum to the early Holocene

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1063-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Gorbarenko ◽  
Xuefa Shi ◽  
Galina Yu. Malakhova ◽  
Aleksandr A. Bosin ◽  
Jianjun Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. High-resolution reconstructions based on productivity proxies and magnetic properties of core LV63-41-2 (off Kamchatka) reveal prevailing centennial productivity/climate variability in the northwestern (NW) Pacific from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the early Holocene (EH). The age model of the core is established by AMS 14C dating and by projections of AMS 14C data of the nearby core SO-201-12KL through correlation of the productivity proxies and relative paleomagnetic intensity. The resulting sequence of centennial productivity increases/climate warming events in the NW Pacific occurred synchronously with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) sub-interstadials during the LGM (four events), Heinrich Event 1 (HE1) (four events), Bølling–Allerød (B/A) warming (four events), and over the EH (four events). Remarkable similarity of the sequence of the NW Pacific increased-productivity events with the EASM sub-interstadials over the LGM-HE1 implies that the Siberian High is a strong and common driver. The comparison with the δ18O record from Antarctica suggests that another mechanism associated with the temperature gradient in the Southern Hemisphere may also be responsible for the EASM/NW Pacific centennial events over the LGM-HE1. During the B/A warming and resumption of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), clear synchronicity between the NW Pacific, EASM and Greenland sub-interstadials was mainly controlled by changes in the atmospheric circulation. During the EH the linkages between solar forcing, ocean circulation, and climate changes likely control the synchronicity of abrupt climate changes in the NW Pacific and North Atlantic. The sequence of centennial events recorded in this study is a persistent regional feature during the LGM-EH, which may serve as a template in high-resolution paleoceanography and sediment stratigraphy in the NW Pacific.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Wiggle-Match Dating of Bulk Sediments—How Accurate can It Be?

Radiocarbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1173-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anette Mellström ◽  
Raimund Muscheler ◽  
Ian Snowball ◽  
Wenxin Ning ◽  
Eeva Haltia
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Plant Macrofossils ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Varved Sediments ◽  
Uncertainty Range ◽  
Climate Studies ◽  
Reservoir Age

We used the radiocarbon wiggle-match dating technique to date the varved sediments of Lake Gyltigesjön in southern Sweden with the main aim to construct an accurate chronology covering the period between about 3000 and 2000 cal BP. Wiggle-match dating was applied to bulk sediments to evaluate the possibility of constructing accurate chronologies in the absence of terrestrial plant macrofossils and when the amount of old carbon in the sediments is unknown. Facilitated by a floating varve chronology and relatively stable 14C reservoir ages, the results show the possibility to assess the contribution of old carbon solely based on the 14C wiggle-matching of bulk sediments. We confirm the wiggle-matched chronology and the 14C reservoir age of approximately 260 yr by cross-checking the results with 14C dating of macrofossils. The obtained calibrated ages based on bulk sediments have an uncertainty range of about 60–65 yr (95.4% confidence interval). This study confirms that 14C wiggle-match dating of bulk sediments is a viable tool when constructing high-resolution chronologies. The method is especially useful in Sun-climate studies since the timing between solar activity variations (expressed as 14C variations) and climate changes can be accurately determined.

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