Brief Report – Selective eating: Parental and day care professional perception of ASD symptom severity in toddlers and children over time

Objective: We present a secondary analysis of data reporting differences in medication adherence, psychiatric symptom severity, and internalized stigma levels in older (age ≥ 55 years) versus younger (age < 55 years) adults with bipolar disorder (BD) and poor medication adherence. Methods: Data used for this analysis came from 184 participants in a National Institute of Mental Health–funded randomized controlled trial, comparing a customized adherence enhancement (CAE) intervention intended to promote BD medication adherence with a BD-specific educational program (EDU). At screen, study participants were ≥20% nonadherent with BD medications as measured by the Tablets Routine Questionnaire (TRQ). Psychiatric symptoms, functional status, and internalized stigma were measured using validated scales. Results: Older adults had significantly lower anxiety disorder comorbidity ( P < .01 for 1 or more anxiety disorders), depressive symptom severity scores ( P = .011), and self-stigma scores ( P = .001) compared to their younger counterparts. In the analyses evaluating change over time in TRQ between older and younger participants by treatment arm (ie, CAE and EDU), there was a significant finding of interaction between time, age-group, and treatment arm ( P = .007). Conclusions: Older adults may be less anxious and depressed, with less self-stigma, compared to younger people with BD and poor adherence. With respect to medication adherence, older individuals in EDU appear to do less well than younger individuals over time.

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Effects associated with the use of healthcare for eating disorders by women in the community: a longitudinal cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033986 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. e033986

Author(s):

Nicol Holtzhausen ◽

Haider Mannan ◽

Nasim Foroughi ◽

Phillipa Hay

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Short Form ◽

Self Report ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

Distress Scale ◽

Over Time

ObjectivesThis study examined formal and informal healthcare use (HCU) in community women with disordered eating, and associations of HCU with mental health-related quality of life (MHRQoL), psychological distress, mental health literacy (MHL) and eating disorder (ED) symptoms over time.HypothesisWe hypothesised that HCU would lead to improvement in ED symptom severity, MHRQoL, MHL and psychological distress.Design, setting, participantsData were from years 2, 4 and 9 of a longitudinal cohort of 443 community women (mean age 30.6, SE 0.4 years) with a range of ED symptoms, randomly recruited from the Australian Capital Territory electoral role or via convenience sampling from tertiary education centres. Data were collected using posted/emailed self-report questionnaires; inclusion criteria were completion of the HCU questionnaire at time point of 2 years (baseline for this study). HCU was measured using a multiple-choice question on help seeking for an eating problem. To test the effect of HCU over time on MHRQoL (Short Form-12 score), psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale score), ED symptom severity (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire score) and ED–MHL, linear or logistic mixed-effects regression analyses were used.Results20% of participants sought ED-specific help at baseline; more than half of participants sought help that was not evidence based. HCU at baseline was significantly associated with improved MHRQoL and ED symptom severity and decreased psychological distress over time (Cohen’s d all >0.3, ie, small). HCU was not significantly associated with MHL over time. The predictive ability of the fitted models ranged from 32.18% to 42.42% for psychological distress and MHL treatment, respectively.ConclusionsFormal and informal HCU were associated with small improvements in ED symptoms, MHRQoL and psychological distress but not with improved MHL. Informal services in ED management should be investigated further along with efforts to improve ED–MHL.

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1744 IMPROVEMENTS IN LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOM SEVERITY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVEMENTS IN SLEEP DISTURBANCE OVER TIME

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.1705 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 187 (4S) ◽

Author(s):

Brian T. Helfand ◽

Victoria Sharp ◽

O. Dale Williams ◽

Harris Foster ◽

Michael Naslund ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Lower Urinary Tract Symptom ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Over Time ◽

Lower Urinary

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Tinnitus and Headache

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/797416 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Berthold Langguth ◽

Verena Hund ◽

Volker Busch ◽

Tim P. Jürgens ◽

Jose-Miguel Lainez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Symptom Severity ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Tertiary Referral ◽

Tertiary Referral Center ◽

Tinnitus Severity ◽

Validated Questionnaires ◽

Type Headache ◽

Estimate Prevalence ◽

The Relationship ◽

Over Time

Background. Tinnitus and headache are frequent disorders. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the occurrence of headache among tinnitus patients is purely coincidental or whether tinnitus and headache are pathophysiologically linked. We investigated a large sample of patients with tinnitus and headache to estimate prevalence rates of different headache forms, to determine the relationship between tinnitus laterality and headache laterality, and to explore the relationship between tinnitus and headache over time.Method. Patients who presented at a tertiary referral center because of tinnitus and reported comorbid headache were asked to complete validated questionnaires to determine the prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache and to assess tinnitus severity. In addition, several questions about the relationship between headache and tinnitus were asked.Results. Datasets of 193 patients with tinnitus and headache were analysed. 44.6% suffered from migraine, 13% from tension-type headache, and 5.7% from both. Headache laterality was significantly related to tinnitus laterality and in the majority of patients fluctuations in symptom severity of tinnitus and headache were interrelated.Conclusion. These findings suggest a significant relationship between tinnitus and headache laterality and symptom interaction over time and argue against a purely coincidental cooccurrence of tinnitus and headache. Both disorders may be linked by common pathophysiological mechanisms.

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Misattributing speech and jumping to conclusions: A longitudinal study in people at high risk of psychosis

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.416 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 32-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

T.T. Winton-Brown ◽

M.R. Broome ◽

P. Allen ◽

I. Valli ◽

O. Howes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Cognitive Biases ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

Level Of Functioning ◽

Jumping To Conclusions ◽

Over Time ◽

At Risk Mental State

AbstractBiases in cognition such as Jumping to Conclusions (JTC) and Verbal Self-Monitoring (VSM) are thought to underlie the formation of psychotic symptoms. This prospective study in people with an At Risk Mental State (ARMS) for psychosis examined how these cognitive biases changed over time, and predicted clinical and functional outcomes. Twenty-three participants were assessed at clinical presentation and a mean of 31 months later. Performance on a JTC and VSM tasks were measured at both time points. Relationships to symptom severity, level of function and the incidence of psychotic disorder were then examined. The levels of symptoms, function and VSM all improved over time, while JTC was stable. Five participants (22%) developed a psychotic disorder during the follow-up period, but the risk of transition was not related to performance on either task at baseline, or to longitudinal changes in task performance. JTC performance correlated with symptom severity at baseline and follow-up. Similarly, performance on the two tasks was not related to the level of functioning at follow-up. Thus, while the ARMS is associated with both VSM and JTC biases, neither predict the onset of psychosis or the overall functional outcome.

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Estimating transitions between symptom severity states over time in schizophrenia: a Bayesian meta-analytic approach

Statistics in Medicine ◽

10.1002/sim.2317 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 25 (17) ◽

pp. 2886-2910 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anirban Basu ◽

Herbert Y. Meltzer ◽

Vanja Dukic

Keyword(s):

Symptom Severity ◽

Analytic Approach ◽

Over Time

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The Gut Microbiome in Autism: Study-Site Effects and Longitudinal Analysis of Behavior Change

mSystems ◽

10.1128/msystems.00848-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer Fouquier ◽

Nancy Moreno Huizar ◽

Jody Donnelly ◽

Cody Glickman ◽

Dae-Wook Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Social Withdrawal ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Site Location ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Time Points ◽

Study Designs ◽

Over Time

ABSTRACT Research relating gut microbiome composition to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has produced inconsistent results, indicative of the disorder’s complexity and the need for more sophisticated experimental designs. We address this need by (i) comparing gut microbiome composition between individuals with ASD and neurotypical controls in Arizona and Colorado using standardized DNA extraction and sequencing methods at both locations and (ii) longitudinally evaluating the gut microbiome’s relationship to autism behavioral severity, diet, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Gut microbiome composition differed between individuals in Arizona and individuals in Colorado, and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher in ASD individuals than in neurotypical individuals in Arizona but not in Colorado. Gut microbiome composition was significantly associated with ASD while controlling for study-site location but not when controlling for gastrointestinal symptoms. This suggests that non-ASD-related study site differences in gut microbiome composition and different degrees of gastrointestinal symptoms involvement with ASD between sites may contribute to inconsistent results in the literature regarding the association between gut microbiome composition and ASD. In the longitudinal analysis, we found that difference in levels of lethargy/social withdrawal measured in individuals at different time points correlated with the degree of change in gut microbiome composition and that a worsening of inappropriate speech between time points was associated with decreased gut microbiome diversity. This relationship between changes in the gut microbiome composition within individuals and ASD behavioral severity metrics indicates that longitudinal study designs may be useful for exploring microbial drivers of ASD severity when substantial variability exists in baseline microbiome compositions across individuals and geographical regions. IMPORTANCE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a brain developmental disorder with varying behavioral symptom severity both across individuals and within individuals over time. There have been promising but also inconsistent literature results regarding how the gut microbiota (microbiome) may be involved. We found that the gut microbiome in individuals with ASD is affected by study-site location as well as gastrointestinal symptom severity. When we sampled some individuals with ASD at several different time points, we found that some behaviors, such as lethargy/social withdrawal and inappropriate speech, changed along with changes in the gut microbiota composition. This is the first study to relate severity of behavior symptoms to gut microbiome composition within individuals over time and suggests a dynamic relationship between ASD-associated symptoms and gut microbes. Longitudinal study designs as well as collaborative efforts across multiple centers are needed to fully characterize the relationship between ASD and gut microbes.

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Symptom severity and its effect on health-related quality of life over time in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a multisite longitudinal cohort study

BMJ Open Respiratory Research ◽

10.1136/bmjresp-2017-000263 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e000263 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Janelle Yorke ◽

Christi Deaton ◽

Malcolm Campbell ◽

Linda McGowen ◽

Paul Sephton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Over Time

IntroductionThe aim of this cohort study was to examine health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptomatology in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and explore factors that influence its evolution over time.MethodsA prospective longitudinal multisite cohort study. Participants were recruited from specialist UK PH centres and completed a questionnaire pack at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months to assess HRQoL (emPHasis-10), dyspnoea, fatigue, sleep, anxiety and depression.Results185 patients entered the study at baseline and 126 (68%) completed month 18. At baseline, patients had significant impairment of HRQoL, anxiety, depression, dyspnoea and severe fatigue. No significant changes, apart from a reduction in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety score (P=0.04), were observed over 18 months. Depression and dyspnoea were predictors of HRQoL (P=0.002 and P=0.03, respectively). Oxygen use was also associated with diminished HRQoL and increased symptom severity.ConclusionPatients with PH experience high levels of symptom severity and the negative impact on HRQoL was unchanged over time. The use of oxygen therapy, in particular, was associated with a significant impact on HRQoL. Further study of factors impacting HRQoL and interventions that target a combination of physiological and psychosocial consequences of living with PH are needed.

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A longitudinal study of delirium phenomenology indicates widespread neural dysfunction

Palliative & Supportive Care ◽

10.1017/s147895151300093x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 187-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maeve Leonard ◽

Dimitrios Adamis ◽

Jean Saunders ◽

Paula Trzepacz ◽

David Meagher

Keyword(s):

Symptom Severity ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Mixed Effects ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Motor Disturbance ◽

Brain Functions ◽

Complex Information ◽

Complex Information Processing ◽

Over Time ◽

Cortical Functions

AbstractObjectives:Delirium affects all higher cortical functions supporting complex information processing consistent with widespread neural network impairment. We evaluated the relative prominence of delirium symptoms throughout episodes to assess whether impaired consciousness is selectively affecting certain brain functions at different timepoints.Methods:Twice-weekly assessments of 100 consecutive patients with DSM-IV delirium in a palliative care unit used the Delirium Rating Scale Revised-98 (DRS-R98) and Cognitive Test for Delirium (CTD). A mixed-effects model was employed to estimate changes in severity of individual symptoms over time.Results:Mean age = 7 0.2 ± 10.5 years, 51% were male, and 27 had a comorbid dementia. A total of 323 assessments (range 2–9 per case) were conducted, but up to 6 are reported herein. Frequency and severity of individual DRS-R98 symptoms was very consistent over time even though the majority of patients (80%) experienced fluctuation in symptom severity over the course of hours or minutes. Over time, DRS-R98 items for attention (88–100%), sleep–wake cycle disturbance (90–100%), and any motor disturbance (87–100%), and CTD attention and vigilance were most frequently and consistently impaired. Mixed-effects regression modeling identified only very small magnitudes of change in individual symptoms over time, including the three core domains.Significance of results:Attention is disproportionately impaired during the entire episode of delirium, consistent with thalamic dysfunction underlying both an impaired state of consciousness and well-known EEG slowing. All individual symptoms and three core domains remain relatively stable despite small fluctuations in symptom severity for a given day, which supports a consistent state of impaired higher cortical functions throughout an episode of delirium.

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