Functionalization of ginger derived nanoparticles with chitosan to design drug delivery system for controlled release of 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) in treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: An in vitro study

Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight polysaccharide extracted from red seaweeds, composed of D-galactose residues linked in β-1,4 and α-1,3 galactose-galactose bond, widely used as a food additive in processed foods for its properties as a thickener, gelling agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. In recent years, with the spread of the Western diet (WD), its consumption has increased. Nonetheless, there is a debate on its safety. CGN is extensively used as an inflammatory and adjuvant agent in vitro and in animal experimental models for the investigation of immune processes or to assess the activity of anti-inflammatory drugs. CGN can activate the innate immune pathways of inflammation, alter the gut microbiota composition and the thickness of the mucus barrier. Clinical evidence suggests that CGN is involved in the pathogenesis and clinical management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), indeed food-exclusion diets can be an effective therapy for disease remission. Moreover, specific IgE to the oligosaccharide α-Gal has been associated with allergic reactions commonly referred to as the “α-Gal syndrome”. This review aims to discuss the role of carrageenan in inflammatory bowel diseases and allergic reactions following the current evidence. Furthermore, as no definitive data are available on the safety and the effects of CGN, we suggest gaps to be filled and advise to limit the human exposure to CGN by reducing the consumption of ultra-processed foods.

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Microbiota-independent immunological effects of non-digestible oligosaccharides in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120006953 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 468-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stefania Del Fabbro ◽

Philip C. Calder ◽

Caroline E. Childs

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Mucosal Inflammation ◽

Disease States ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

The aim of the present paper is to review the effects of non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) on immunity, focusing on their microbiota-independent mechanisms of action, as well as to explore their potential beneficial role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). IBD are chronic, inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Individuals with IBD have an aberrant immune response to commensal microbiota, resulting in extensive mucosal inflammation and increased intestinal permeability. NDO are prebiotic fibres well known for their role in supporting intestinal health through modulation of the gut microbiota. NDO reach the colon intact and are fermented by commensal bacteria, resulting in the production of SCFA with immunomodulatory properties. In disease states characterised by increased gut permeability, prebiotics may also bypass the gut barrier and directly interact with intestinal and systemic immune cells, as demonstrated in patients with IBD and in infants with an immature gut. In vitro models show that fructooligosaccharides, inulin and galactooligosaccharides exert microbiota-independent effects on immunity by binding to toll-like receptors on monocytes, macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells and by modulating cytokine production and immune cell maturation. Moreover, animal models and human supplementation studies demonstrate that some prebiotics, including inulin and lactulose, might reduce intestinal inflammation and IBD symptoms. Although there are convincing preliminary data to support NDO as immunomodulators in the management of IBD, their mechanisms of action are still unclear and larger standardised studies need to be performed using a wider range of prebiotics.

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Oral colon targeted delivery systems for treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo assessment

International Journal of Pharmaceutics ◽

10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.04.021 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 358 (1-2) ◽

pp. 248-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Amal H. El-Kamel ◽

Alaa A.-M. Abdel-Aziz ◽

Amal J. Fatani ◽

Hussein I. El-Subbagh

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

In Vivo Assessment ◽

Targeted Delivery Systems

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Overcoming therapeutic obstacles in inflammatory bowel diseases: A comprehensive review on novel drug delivery strategies

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.ejps.2013.04.031 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 712-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

F. Talaei ◽

F. Atyabi ◽

M. Azhdarzadeh ◽

R. Dinarvand ◽

A. Saadatzadeh

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Delivery Strategies ◽

Novel Drug

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Protective effects of a novel probiotic strain, Lactococcus lactis ML2018, in colitis: in vivo and in vitro evidence

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c8fo02301h ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 1132-1145 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Meiling Liu ◽

Xiuxia Zhang ◽

Yunpeng Hao ◽

Jinhua Ding ◽

Jing Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Lactococcus Lactis ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Probiotic Strain ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Multiple articles have confirmed that an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota is closely related to aberrant immune responses of the intestines and to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).

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PLGA nanoparticle-based docetaxel/LY294002 drug delivery system enhances antitumor activities against gastric cancer

Journal of Biomaterials Applications ◽

10.1177/0885328219837683 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (10) ◽

pp. 1394-1406 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Juan Cai ◽

Keyang Qian ◽

Xueliang Zuo ◽

Wuheng Yue ◽

Yinzhu Bian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Controlled Release ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Tumor Targeting ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Antitumor Effects

Docetaxel (TXT) is acknowledged as one of the most important chemotherapy agents for gastric cancer (GC). PI3K/AKT signaling is frequently activated in GC, and its inhibitor LY294002 exerts potent antitumor effects. However, the hydrophobicity of TXT and the poor solubility and low bioavailability of LY294002 limit their clinical application. To overcome these shortcomings, we developed poly(lactic acid/glycolic) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with TXT and LY294002. PLGA facilitated the accumulation of TXT and LY294002 at the tumor sites. The in vitro functional results showed that PLGA(TXT+LY294002) exhibited controlled-release and resulted in a markedly reduced proliferative capacity and an elevated apoptosis rate. An in vivo orthotopic GC mouse model and xenograft mouse model confirmed the anticancer superiority and tumor-targeting feature of PLGA(TXT+LY294002). Histological analysis indicated that PLGA(TXT+LY294002) was biocompatible and had no toxicity to major organs. Characterized by the combined slow release of TXT and LY294002, this novel PLGA-based TXT/LY294002 drug delivery system provides controlled release and tumor targeting and is safe, shedding light on the future of targeted therapy against GC.

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