Environmental sustainability in cement industry: An integrated approach for green and economical cement production

Currently, the use of alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) in the cement industry is very attractive. This is driven by demands for environmental sustainability and the efficiency of fuel and raw material costs. One of the materials that can be used as AFR is sludge oil. However, it needs to be ensured that the chlorine content in the sludge oil does not exceed the threshold so that it does not have a negative impact during the cement production process. It is known that if the chlorine content is more than the threshold, it can cause blocking or clogging of the separator and the kiln. This study aims to determine the performance of the Jena Multi EA 4000 instrument in determining the chlorine content in sludge oil quickly and accurately. Analytic Jena Multi EA 4000 is an Atomic Absorption Spectrometers (AAS) instrument that can be used for analysis of samples in the form of solids or slurries containing chlorine. As validation of the resulting analysis, the wet method is used, which as usual, to determine chlorine levels. From the statistic analysis, namely the F-test and T-test, We found that F-count equal to 0.0080 and F-table equal to 4.2839. it shows that F-count < F-table, indicating the difference in the variance of the two methods H0: s12 = s22 is accepted because there is no difference to the variability of these two tests and the value of T-count = -3.9717 and T-table = 2.1788 so that T-count <T-table is accepted because there is no difference in the average accuracy of the two methods H0: M1 = M2.

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Implications for Sustainability of the Joint Application of Bioeconomy and Circular Economy: A Worldwide Trend Study

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7182

Author(s):

Emilio Abad-Segura ◽

Ana Batlles-delaFuente ◽

Mariana-Daniela González-Zamar ◽

Luis Jesús Belmonte-Ureña

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Green Economy ◽

Economic Knowledge ◽

Joint Application ◽

Bibliometric Review ◽

State Of Research ◽

The Impact

The joint application of bioeconomy (BE) and circular economy (CE) promotes the sustainable use of natural resources, since by applying a systemic approach, it improves the efficiency of these resources and reduces the impact on the environment. Both strategies, which belong to the area of green economy, provide a global and integrated approach towards environmental sustainability, as regards the extraction of biological materials, the protection of biodiversity and even the primary function of food production in agriculture. The objective was to analyze the implications for sustainability of BE and CE joint application. A systematic and bibliometric review has been applied to a sample of 1961 articles, selected from the period 2004–May 2021. A quantitative and qualitative advance is observed in this field of study. The expansion of scientific production is due to its multidisciplinary nature, since it implies technical, environmental and economic knowledge. The main contribution of this study is to understand the state of research on the implications for sustainability that BE and CE have when combined, in relation to their evolution, the scientific collaboration between the main driving agents, and the identification of the main lines of research developed.

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An integrated approach to identifying and characterising resilient urban food systems to promote population health in a changing climate

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980015000610 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 2498-2508 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Sarah W James ◽

Sharon Friel

Keyword(s):

Population Health ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Mixed Methods Research ◽

Food Systems ◽

Food System ◽

Production Systems ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Climate Resilience ◽

Urban Food Systems

AbstractObjectiveTo determine key points of intervention in urban food systems to improve the climate resilience, equity and healthfulness of the whole system.DesignThe paper brings together evidence from a 3-year, Australia-based mixed-methods research project focused on climate change adaptation, cities, food systems and health. In an integrated analysis of the three research domains – encompassing the production, distribution and consumption sectors of the food chain – the paper examines the efficacy of various food subsystems (industrial, alternative commercial and civic) in achieving climate resilience and good nutrition.SettingGreater Western Sydney, Australia.SubjectsPrimary producers, retailers and consumers in Western Sydney.ResultsThis overarching analysis of the tripartite study found that: (i) industrial food production systems can be more environmentally sustainable than alternative systems, indicating the importance of multiple food subsystems for food security; (ii) a variety of food distributors stocking healthy and sustainable items is required to ensure that these items are accessible, affordable and available to all; and (iii) it is not enough that healthy and sustainable foods are produced or sold, consumers must also want to consume them. In summary, a resilient urban food system requires that healthy and sustainable food items are produced, that consumers can attain them and that they actually wish to purchase them.ConclusionsThis capstone paper found that the interconnected nature of the different sectors in the food system means that to improve environmental sustainability, equity and population health outcomes, action should focus on the system as a whole and not just on any one sector.

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Carbon Management in an Emissions-Intensive Industry in a Developing Economy: Cement Manufacturing in Indonesia

Case Studies in the Environment ◽

10.1525/cse.2017.000976 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Togar W. S. Panjaitan ◽

Paul Dargusch ◽

Ammar A. Aziz ◽

David Wadley

Keyword(s):

Alternative Fuels ◽

Cement Industry ◽

Cement Production ◽

Carbon Management ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Carbon Dioxide Equivalents ◽

Strategic Position ◽

Reduce Emissions ◽

Cement Manufacturing ◽

Capital Intensive

Around 600 Mt carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) emission originates from energy production and consumption in Indonesia annually. Of this output, 40 Mt CO2e comes from cement production. This makes the cement industry a key sector to target in Indonesia’s quest to reduce its emissions by 26% by 2020. Substantial opportunities exist for the industry to reduce emissions, mainly through clinker substitution, alternative fuels, and the modernization of kiln technologies. However, most of these abatement options are capital intensive and considered as noncore business. Due to this, the private sector is unlikely to voluntarily invest in emission reduction unless it saves money, improves revenue, enhances the strategic position of the firm, or unless governments provide incentives or force adoption through regulatory and policy controls. In this study, we review the profile of the Indonesian cement industry and assess the carbon management and climate policy actions available to reduce emissions. The case highlights opportunities for improved carbon management in emission-intensive industries in developing countries.

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An integrated approach to project environmental sustainability under future climate variability: An application to U.S. Rio Grande Basin

Ecological Indicators ◽

10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.07.066 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

pp. 654-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jianhong E. Mu ◽

Jadwiga R. Ziolkowska

Keyword(s):

Climate Variability ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Future Climate ◽

Rio Grande Basin

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Applying the SDGs to Cities: Business as Usual or a New Dawn?

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10093201 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 3201 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Roland Zinkernagel ◽

James Evans ◽

Lena Neij

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Sustainable Urban Development ◽

Long Time ◽

Development Goals ◽

Urban Contexts ◽

The Many ◽

Business As Usual ◽

The City ◽

Indicator Sets

With growing urbanisation the sustainability of cities has become increasingly important. Although cities have been using indicators for a long time it is only in the last decades that attempts have been made to collate indicators into sets that reflect the many different aspects required to assess the sustainability of a city. The aim of this paper is to review the evolution of indicators for monitoring sustainable urban development in order to understand how ‘new’ the indicators suggested by the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are for cities and the challenges they may face in using them. The review reveals that previous indicator sets emphasised environmental sustainability, health and economic growth. It is also shown that indicator sets that pre-date the SDGs lacked dimensions such as gender equality and reduced inequalities. In all, the SDG indicators provide the possibility of a more balanced and integrated approach to urban sustainability monitoring. At the same time, further research is needed to understand how to adapt the SDGs, targets and indicators to specific urban contexts. Challenges of local application include their large number, their generic characteristics and the need to complement them with specific indicators that are more relevant at the city level.

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A Life-Cycle Approach to Integrate Environmental and Mechanical Properties of Blended Cements Containing Seashell Powder

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132313120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 13120

Author(s):

Fatemeh Soltanzadeh ◽

Ali E. Behbahani ◽

Eduardo N. B. Pereira ◽

Carlos A. Teixeira

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Blended Cement ◽

Cement Industry ◽

Optimal Dosage ◽

Life Cycle Approach ◽

Natural Pozzolan ◽

Cement Production

The adverse consequences of producing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) on the environment have introduced cement production as the fourth largest source of anthropogenic carbon emissions after petroleum, coal, and natural gas. Managing and reducing the environmental concerns regarding the impacts of cement production on the environment, namely the depletion of non-renewable fuel resources, consumption of natural raw materials, and releasing huge amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere should be, therefore, one of the key priorities of the cement industry. Application of locally available minerals and wastes that can be blended with OPC as a substitute could considerably reduce the environmental impact. The present study evaluates the potentiality of waste seashell to be used as an additive in the production of blended cement through a modified life cycle approach integrating environmental and mechanical performances. In this regard, 34 cements consisting of different blends of OPC, seashell powder (within the range of 4–30% by OPC mass), and natural pozzolan (up to 30% by OPC mass) were tested to identify the optimal dosage of OPC substitution. Environmental impacts of the cements were assessed through life-cycle analysis. The possibility of mitigating the carbon dioxide emissions in the production of cements, with similar mechanical performance compared to that of OPC, was evaluated by considering both the mechanical and environmental results. The outcome of this study introduced more environment-friendly and sustainable options for future cements.

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Carbon and air pollutant emissions from China's cement industry 1990–2015: trends, evolution of technologies and drivers

10.5194/acp-2020-631 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jun Liu ◽

Dan Tong ◽

Yixuan Zheng ◽

Jing Cheng ◽

Xinying Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Large Scale ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Cement Industry ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Climate Mitigation ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Cement Production ◽

Control Technologies

Abstract. China is the largest cement producer and consumer in the world. Cement manufacturing is highly energy-intensive, and is one of the major contributors to carbon dioxide (CO2) and air pollutant emissions, which threatens climate mitigation and air quality improvement. In this study, we investigated the decadal changes of carbon dioxide and air pollutant emissions for the period of 1990–2015, based on intensive unit-based information on activity rates, production capacity, operation status, and control technologies, which improved the accuracy of the cement emissions in China. We found that, from 1990 to 2015, accompanied by a 10.9-fold increase in cement production, CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions from China's cement industry increased by 626 %, 59 %, and 658 %, whereas CO, PM2.5 and PM10 emissions decreased by 9 %, 66 %, and 63 %, respectively. In the 1990s, driven by the rapid growth of cement production, CO2 and air pollutant emissions increased constantly. Then, the production technology innovation of replacing traditional shaft kilns with the new precalciner kilns in the 2000s markedly reduced SO2, CO and PM emissions from the cement industry. Since 2010, the growing trend of emissions has been further curbed by a combination of measures, including promoting large-scale precalciner production lines and phasing out small ones, upgrading emission standards, installing low-NOx burners (LNB) and selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) to reduce NOx emissions, as well as adopting more advanced particulate matter control technologies. Our study highlighted the effectiveness of advanced technologies on air pollutant emission control, however, CO2 emissions from China's cement industry kept growing throughout the period, posing challenges to future carbon emission mitigation in China.

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Implementation of Lean Manufacturing in a Cement Industry

Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research ◽

10.48084/etasr.4087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 7069-7074

Author(s):

M. Masmali

Keyword(s):

Production Line ◽

Lean Manufacturing ◽

Production Control ◽

Value Added ◽

Cement Industry ◽

Shop Floor ◽

Value Stream Mapping ◽

Cement Production ◽

Work In Process ◽

Production Processes

The lean manufacturing concept is a systematic minimization of waste and non-value activities in production processes introduced by the Toyota production system. In this research, lean manufacturing is implemented in a cement production line. Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is applied to give a clear picture of the value chain in cement production processes and to highlight the non-value-added in the shop floor. To begin, the existing VSM is constructed based on the information and data gathered during visiting and observing the manufacturing process in the firm. As a result, the excess inventory between workstations was identified as a major waste generation, hence, the proposed VSM conducts further improvement and makes action plans to alleviate the unwanted activities. Then, the takt time to ensure smooth material flow and to avoid any occurring delay or bottleneck in the production line was figured out. The supermarket pull-based production control is suggested to be adopted in the future map. Two pull production strategies are selected in this case. The first is applying the Kanban system to control the level of inventory between workstations. The other is the CONWIP approach to control the amount of work in process to the entire production line. The outcome of the proposed models indicates a decrease of the none-value time from 23 days in the current state to about 4 and 2 days in Kanban and CONWIP systems respectively, so the CONWIP was suggested as most efficient. Some suggestions for further research are also mentioned.

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From Waste to Multi-Hybrid Layering of High Carbon Steel to Improve Corrosion Resistance: An In-Depth Analysis Using EPMA and AFM Techniques

Surfaces ◽

10.3390/surfaces2030036 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 485-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wilson Handoko ◽

Farshid Pahlevani ◽

Yin Yao ◽

Karen Privat ◽

Veena Sahajwalla

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Steel Substrate ◽

High Carbon Steel ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Single Step ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Shredder Residue ◽

Depth Analysis

Corrosion resistance of steel has attracted substantial interest for manufacturing applications to reduce costs corresponding to part failures, unexpected maintenance, and shortening lifespan. Meanwhile, millions of tonnes of slag, non-recyclable glass, and automotive shredder residue (ASR) are discarded into landfills every year, polluting the environment. Combining these two major issues, we delivered an alternative solution to enhance corrosion resistance of high-C steel. In this research, utilisation of these wastes (which were chemically bonded into steel substrate) as sources for production of multi-hybrid layering—including the multi-phase ceramic layer, the carbide layer, and the selective diffusion layer—was successfully achieved by single step surface modification technology. High-resolution topographical imaging by SEM and chemical composition analysis in micron-volume by electron probe micro analyser (EPMA) were performed. Nano-characterisation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) using the PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping (PF-QNM) method was conducted to define Young’s modulus value of each phase in detail. Results revealed improvement of corrosion resistance by 39% and a significantly increased hardness of 13.58 GPa. This integrated approach is prominent for economic and environmental sustainability, consolidating industry demands for more profits, producing durable, steel components in a cost effective way to reduce dependency on new resources, and minimising negative impacts to the environment from disposal of wastes to the landfills.

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