Effect of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) on the female rat reproductive tract and liver and kidney functions in vivo

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely used in many fields. The bio-distribution and toxicology of different sizes (25 nm and 50 nm) of TiO2-NPsin vivois evaluated in this paper. The results of quantitative distributionin vivoshow that it is difficult for TiO2-NPs to excretion clearly from tissues and organs. At the endpoint of experiment of different groups, there are still many TiO2-NPs located in the main organs such as spleen, liver and lung after 120 days. Blood biochemical parameters keep unchanged compared with control group. However, pathological results show that lesions in spleen, liver and lung where TiO2-NPs particles are mainly accumulated and retained are getting serious with the time prolonging. The results indicate that TiO2-NPs are low toxic to mice but may have some potential effects on liver and kidney functions after exposure long time. The fundamental importance information gained from such a study will give the guidance on the application of TiO2-NPs.

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Evaluation of the orally administered calcium alginate aerogel on the changes of gut microbiota and hepatic and renal function of Wistar rats

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247633 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0247633

Author(s):

Mohammad A. A. Al-Najjar ◽

Tamara Athamneh ◽

Reem AbuTayeh ◽

Iman Basheti ◽

Claudia Leopold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Specific Surface ◽

Calcium Alginate ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Drug Carrier ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Kidney Functions

The present study evaluates the effect of calcium alginate aerogel as a potential drug carrier, on the liver and kidney functions, and on the gut microbiota of Wistar rats. The studied alginate aerogel was prepared in the form of nanoparticles using the jet cutting technique, and they were characterized in terms of specific surface areas, outer morphology and particle size distribution. For the in vivo study, calcium alginate aerogel was administered orally, and liver and kidney functions were tested for one week and for four weeks in two distinct studies. During the short-term in vivo study, feces samples were collected for bacterial DNA extraction followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses to detect changes in gut microbiota. Results showed that the prepared alginate aerogel has an average BET-specific surface area of around 540 m2/g, with a pore volume of 7.4 cc/g, and pore width of 30–50 nm. The in vivo study revealed that the levels of the studied kidney and liver enzymes didn’t exceed the highest level of the normal range. The study of gut microbiota showed different patterns; certain groups of bacteria, such as Clostridia and Bacteriodia, increased during the aerogels regime and continued to increase after the aerogel was stopped. While other groups such as Erysipelotrichia, and Candidatus saccharibacteria increased during aerogels treatment, and then decreased again after one month. Members of the Bacilli class showed a unique trend, that is, after being the most abundant group (63%) at time 0, their relative abundance decreased dramatically until it reached < 5%; which was the case even after stopping the aerogel treatment.

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Antimicrobial and toxicological evaluation of Origanum vulgare: an in vivo study

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.244551 ◽

2023 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

Author(s):

I. Liaqat ◽

A. Mahreen ◽

M. Arshad ◽

N. Arshad

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Load ◽

Positive Control ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Central Vein ◽

Origanum Vulgare ◽

Toxicological Evaluation ◽

Hepatic Cells ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Kidney Functions

Abstract Origanum vulgare has been of great interest in academia and pharma industry due to its antioxidant, antifungal and antitumor properties. The present study aimed to find the anti-MRSA potential and in vivo toxicity assessments of O. vulgare. O. vulgare extract was used to monitor anti-MRSA activity in mice. Following MRSA established infection in mice (Mus musculus), treatment with O. vulgare was continued for 7 days. Autopsies were performed and re-isolation, gross lesion scoring and bacterial load in various organs were measured. Additionally, blood sample was analysed for hematological assays. Toxicity assessment of O. vulgare potential as medicine was done at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg by evaluating liver and kidney functions. Bacterial load and gross lesion in lungs and heart were significantly low compared to positive control following O. vulgare treatment. Likewise, O. vulgare treated groups had hematological, neutrophil and TLC values similar to control groups. Increased AST, ALP and total bilirubin alongwith marked hepatocellular degeneration and distortion around the central vein, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatic cells was observed at higher dose. It is concluded that crude extract of O. vulgare may contain beneficial secondary metabolites and in future may be explored for curing infectious diseases.

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Hepato- and Nephroprotective Effects of the Polyphenol Concentrate From Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Varieties Cultivated in Kazakhstan in the Experimental Model Of CCL4-Induced Toxicity

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH ◽

10.25258/ijtpr.v9i03.9068 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Nurgozhin T. ◽

Sergazy S. H. ◽

Adilgozhina G. ◽

Gulyayev A. ◽

Shulgau Z. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Experimental Model ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Intragastric Administration ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Antioxidant Stress

Objective:This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect and the antioxidant role of polyphenol concentrate in the experimental model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity. Methods: Antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon grape polyphenol were evaluated by radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS.+). In addition, the effects of polyphenol concentrate on the survival of Wistar rats in the toxicity model, was also investigated. The polyphenol concentrate was administered for 5 five days prior to injection of carbon tetrachloride in a sub-lethal dose of 300 mg/kg of animal body weight in order to perform histological examinations of the liver and kidney, and detect the levels of AST, ALT and bilirubin. Results: Administration of polyphenol concentrate increased animal survival in the experimental model. Moreover, the intragastric administration of polyphenol concentrate prior to the initiation of the experimental model of toxicity, which was caused by a sub-lethal CCl4 dose, reduced morphological injuries in the liver and kidney, decreased the AST and ALT levels of the blood serum. Discussion and conclusion: Our data demonstrate that polyphenol concentrate possesses an antioxidant potential both in vitro and in vivo by reducing antioxidant stress that was caused by CCl4 administration into rats.

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Preparation and Biochemical Evaluation of Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Punica granatum Extract

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407214666180530095912 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 138-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed A. Haroun ◽

Abdel-Tawab H. Mossa ◽

Samia M.M. Mohafrash

Keyword(s):

Liver Enzymes ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Functionalized Mwcnts ◽

Peel Extract

Background: Funcionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (ox-MWCNTs) were used for the preparation of therapeutic nanoparticles for delivery of some bioactive compounds. Consequently, this work deals with the preparation of grafted MWCNTs with n-vinyl caprolactam in the presence of pomegranate peel extract (P. granatum), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and/or silver nanoparticeles and their toxic effects on male mice using in vivo biological examination (liver and kidney dysfunction biomarkers) and the histopathological analysis. Methods: P. granatum extract was immobilized onto functionalized MWCNTs using simple adsorption technique. Moreover, The prepared materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM). In vivo examination using liver and kidney dysfunction biomarkers was investigated. In addition, the histopathological study was carried out. Results: The ox-MWCNTs induced significant elevation in the liver enzymes including AST, ALT and ALP relative to the control group. While, the treatment with P. granatum extract only did not induce any change in the liver and kidney biomarkers. In other words, P. granatum extract loaded onto functionalized MWCNTs showed low effects on liver enzymes and kidney function biomarkers in the treated mice in comparison with ox-MWCNTs and extract separately. Moreover, histopathological analysis revealed that the P. granatum extract functionalized MWCNTs exhibited normal renal tissue with no histopathological alteration. Conclusion: The grafted MWCNTs with n-vinyl caprolactam in the presence of pomegranate peel extract (P. granatum), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and/or silver nanoparticeles were successfully prepared. SEM-micrographs showed complete coating of MWCNTs fiber with the extract. The prepared materials resulted in no toxic effects and the histopathological findings were confirmed by inflammation of the liver and kidney tissues.

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Clinical manifestations of Liver and Renal impairments in asymptomatic, moderate and severe COVID-19 patients of Madinah city of Saudi Arabia: a retrospective analysis (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.23629 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Firdous Beigh ◽

Nidda Syeed ◽

Walaa Saeed ◽

Ziab Alahmadey ◽

Ibrahim Seedi

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Clinical Status ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Normal Liver ◽

Significant Percentage ◽

Renal Functions ◽

Moderate Disease ◽

Novel Association ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Kidney Functions

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a budding infectious disease that has affected various countries globally. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of COVID-19 disease on liver and kidney functions and to determine their association with the severity and mortality of disease METHODS A total of 100 confirmed COVID-19 adult patients from Madinah city of Saudi Arabia hospitalized between April 28, and June 30, 2020 were included,and categorized into asymptomatic,mild to moderate and severely ill patients.We analyzed the clinical status of liver and renal functioning in all of the three groups. RESULTS The majority of patients (51%) were diagnosed with mild to moderate disease, 27% of patients were severely ill and 22% of patients were asymptomatic.The liver and renal functional analysis showed that the severity of the COVID-19 patients were significantly associated with the kidney and renal impairments exhibiting higher levels of ALT, AST, Creatinine, Urea levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in this study, a novel association is found between high Na and Cl levels with the severely ill COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS We concluded from the present study that a significant percentage of COVID-19 patients continued to have a normal liver and renal function during the course of their disease. Nevertheless, severely ill COVID-19 patients were more prone to have abnormal liver and renal functions. During the course of treatment, the patients had a gradual normalization of their liver and kidney parameters and subsequently achieved a complete normal liver and renal functions upon discharge with no mortality.

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The Insulin Receptor Mediates Insulin’s Early Plasma Clearance by Liver, Muscle, and Kidney

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9010037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Rick I. Meijer ◽

Eugene J. Barrett

Keyword(s):

Insulin Receptor ◽

Plasma Clearance ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Insulin Clearance ◽

Initial Plasma ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Initial Clearance

The role of the insulin receptor in mediating tissue-specific insulin clearance in vivo has not been reported. Using physiologic insulin doses, we measured the initial clearance rate (first 5 min) of intravenously injected ([125I]TyrA14)-insulin by muscle, liver, and kidney in healthy rats in the presence and absence of the insulin receptor blocker S961. We also tested whether 4 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) affected the initial rate of insulin clearance. Pre-treatment with S961 for 60 min prior to administering labeled insulin raised plasma ([125I]TyrA14)insulin concentration approximately 5-fold (p < 0.001), demonstrating receptor dependency for plasma insulin clearance. Uptake by muscle (p < 0.01), liver (p < 0.05), and kidney (p < 0.001) were each inhibited by receptor blockade, undoubtedly contributing to the reduced plasma clearance. The initial plasma insulin clearance was not significantly affected by HFD, nor was muscle-specific clearance. However, HFD modestly decreased liver clearance (p = 0.056) while increasing renal clearance by >50% (p < 0.01), suggesting a significant role for renal insulin clearance in limiting the hyperinsulinemia that accompanies HFD. We conclude that the insulin receptor is a major mediator of initial insulin clearance from plasma and for its clearance by liver, kidney, and muscle. HFD feeding increases renal insulin clearance to limit systemic hyperinsulinemia.

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