Estimating urban residential building-related energy consumption and energy intensity in China based on improved building stock turnover model

The METAPOLIS as the polycentric network of urban–rural settlement is undergoing constant transformation and urbanization processes. In particular, the associated imbalance of the shrinkage and growth of different settlement types in relative geographical proximity causes negative effects, such as urban sprawl and the divergence of urban–rural lifestyles with their related resource, land and energy consumption. Implicitly related to these developments, national and global sustainable development goals for the building sector lead to the question of how a region can be assessed without detailed research and surveys to identify critical areas with high potential for sustainable development. In this study, the TOPOI method is used. It classifies settlement units and their interconnections along the urban–rural gradient, in order to quantify and assess the land-uptake and global warming potential driven by residential developments. Applying standard planning parameters in combination with key data from a comprehensive life cycle assessment of the residential building stock, a detailed understanding of different settlement types and their associated resource and energy consumption is achieved.

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Window-Related Energy Consumption in the US Residential andCommercial Building Stock

10.2172/928762 ◽

2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Joshua Apte ◽

Dariush Arasteh

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Building Stock ◽

Related Energy ◽

The Us

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Exploring the Energy Implication of Urban Density in Residential Buildings

Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1515/jaes-2017-0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 7-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Soufiane Boukarta ◽

Ewa Berezowska

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Residential Building ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Building Stock ◽

Urban Density ◽

Spatial Approach ◽

Residential Building Stock ◽

Gas Consumption

AbstractIn the context of the Algerian energy policy, and through the review of the Algiers’ residential building stock, this paper explores the correlation between the energy consumption of gas and electricity with urban density. Based on a holistic approach of the 57 Algiers’ municipalities, the analysis is organized in two ways. Firstly, the spatial approach is conducted within a GIS implementation, carried out based on the 2013 aggregated annual energy consumption data. The cross analysis of Electricity and Gas consumption and density of population within a GIS spatial distribution approach shows effectively a strong correlation between urban density and energy consumption with a Pearson correlation of −56% and −65% of the Electricity and Gas consumption in the urban municipalities, respectively. Also, the household located in the suburban municipalities consume clearly more energy than the urban centered ones. Based on the electricity and gas consumption, density and carbon footprint we have clustered, within a PCA, the Algiers’ municipalities into three profiles: the “thrifty”, the “intermediate” and the “wasteful” profile.

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Empirical assessment of the Hellenic non-residential building stock, energy consumption, emissions and potential energy savings

Energy Conversion and Management ◽

10.1016/j.enconman.2006.10.008 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 1160-1175 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Athina G. Gaglia ◽

Constantinos A. Balaras ◽

Sevastianos Mirasgedis ◽

Elena Georgopoulou ◽

Yiannis Sarafidis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Potential Energy ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Residential Building ◽

Building Stock ◽

Empirical Assessment ◽

Residential Building Stock

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Development and Verification of Prototypical Office Buildings Models Using the National Building Energy Consumption Survey in Korea

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13073611 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3611

Author(s):

Hye-Jin Kim ◽

Do-Young Choi ◽

Donghyun Seo

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Policy ◽

Policy Development ◽

Large Scale ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Residential Building ◽

Building Energy ◽

Office Buildings ◽

Policy Enforcement ◽

Building Stock

In the early 2000s, the Korean government mandated the construction of only zero-energy residential buildings by 2025 and for non-residential buildings from 2030. Two decades since the start of building energy policy enforcement, Korean experts believe that it is time to evaluate its impact. However, few studies have systematically and extensively examined the energy consumption characteristics of the non-residential building stock. In this study, a framework development is implemented for defining non-residential prototypical office buildings based on Korea’s first large-scale non-residential building survey result from the Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI). Then, a detailed building energy model of the defined prototypical building is constructed to verify the model’s energy estimation against observed energy consumption. As an application of the model, a case study for energy policy evaluation utilizing the constructed prototypical building model is presented. Every researcher and county may have their own circumstances when gathering definition data. However, by using the best available representative data, this suggested framework may result in informed decisions regarding energy policy development and evaluation. In addition, the mitigation of greenhouse gases from buildings may be expedited.

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Adaptive Comfort Control Implemented Model (ACCIM) for Energy Consumption Predictions in Dwellings under Current and Future Climate Conditions: A Case Study Located in Spain

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12081498 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1498 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Daniel Sánchez-García ◽

David Bienvenido-Huertas ◽

Mónica Tristancho-Carvajal ◽

Carlos Rubio-Bellido

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Residential Building ◽

Current Standard ◽

Building Stock ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Predictive Method ◽

Adaptive Thermal Comfort ◽

Starting Point ◽

Adaptive Comfort

Currently, the knowledge of energy consumption in buildings of new and existing dwellings is essential to control and propose energy conservation measures. Most of the predictions of energy consumption in buildings are based on fixed values related to the internal thermal ambient and pre-established operation hypotheses, which do not reflect the dynamic use of buildings and users’ requirements. Spain is a clear example of such a situation. This study suggests the use of an adaptive thermal comfort model as a predictive method of energy consumption in the internal thermal ambient, as well as several operation hypotheses, and both conditions are combined in a simulation model: the Adaptive Comfort Control Implemented Model (ACCIM). The behavior of ACCIM is studied in a representative case of the residential building stock, which is located in three climate zones with different characteristics (warm, cold, and mild climates). The analyses were conducted both in current and future scenarios with the aim of knowing the advantages and limitations in each climate zone. The results show that the average consumption of the current, 2050, and 2080 scenarios decreased between 23% and 46% in warm climates, between 19% and 25% in mild climates, and between 10% and 29% in cold climates by using such a predictive method. It is also shown that this method is more resilient to climate change than the current standard. This research can be a starting point to understand users’ climate adaptation to predict energy consumption.

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Selection of Favourable Concept of Energy Retrofitting Solution for Social Housing in the Czech Republic Based on Economic Parameters, Greenhouse Gases, and Primary Energy Consumption

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11226482 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 6482

Author(s):

Katerina Sojkova ◽

Martin Volf ◽

Antonin Lupisek ◽

Roman Bolliger ◽

Tomas Vachal

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Residential Building ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Primary Energy Consumption ◽

Building Stock ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Residential Building Stock

Energy retrofitting of existing building stock has significant potential for the reduction of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Roughly half of the CO2 emissions from Czech building stock are estimated to be allocated to residential buildings. Approximately one-third of the Czech residential building stock have already been retrofitted, but retrofitting mostly takes place in large cities due to greater income. A favourable concept for the mass retrofitting of residential building stock, affordable even in low-income regions, was of interest. For a reference building, multi-criteria assessment of numerous retrofitting measures was performed. The calculation involved different building elements, materials, solutions, and energy-efficiency levels in combination with various heating systems. The assessment comprised environmental impact, represented by operational and embodied primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and investment and operational costs using the annuity method. Analysis resulted in the identification of favourable retrofitting measures and showed that complex building retrofitting is advantageous from both a cost and an environmental point of view. The environmental burden could be decreased by approximately 10–30% even without photovoltaic installation, and costs per year could be decreased by around 40%.

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Regional dimensions of the South Korean water-energy nexus

Energy & Environment ◽

10.1177/0958305x20949468 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0958305X2094946

Author(s):

Jinyoung Lee ◽

Hana Kim

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Local Governments ◽

Energy Intensity ◽

Water Cycle ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Water Sector ◽

South Korean ◽

Related Energy ◽

Water Energy Nexus ◽

Energy Intensities

The linkage between water and energy, the water-energy nexus, is site specific. An integrated management approach to both resources begins with understanding a region’s water-energy nexus. This study built an inventory of water and energy consumption in 17 South Korean regions at each stage of the urban water cycle from 2012 to 2017, estimated the water-related energy intensities, and compared those values across regions. Additionally, this study conducted a series of regression analyses to identify the influences of various factors on water-related energy consumption. This study found regional variance in the total energy intensity as well as in the energy intensities at different stages of the water cycle. Both energy consumed and energy intensities generally increased over the study period. The findings show that greater attention should be paid to energy consumption in the water sector, especially in the wastewater treatment sector. In addition, the regression analyses revealed that management of energy intensity is the most impactful way to reduce energy consumption in the water sector. The positive impacts on water pollution and water consumption also bolster the necessity of water conservation efforts. This study presents regional priorities related to the water-energy nexus and provides water-related energy intensity benchmarks that local governments can use. The findings highlight the necessity of an integrated approach to water and energy.

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Deep Learning-Based Generation of Building Stock Data from Remote Sensing for Urban Heat Demand Modeling

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi10010023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Michael Wurm ◽

Ariane Droin ◽

Thomas Stark ◽

Christian Geiß ◽

Wolfgang Sulzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Thermal Characteristics ◽

Residential Building ◽

Aerial Images ◽

Building Stock ◽

Construction Period ◽

Demand Modeling ◽

Heat Demand ◽

Construction Type

Cities are responsible for a large share of the global energy consumption. A third of the total greenhouse gas emissions are related to the buildings sector, making it an important target for reducing urban energy consumption. Detailed data on the building stock, including the thermal characteristics of individual buildings, such as the construction type, construction period, and building geometries, can strongly support decision-making for local authorities to help them spatially localize buildings with high potential for thermal renovations. In this paper, we present a workflow for deep learning-based building stock modeling using aerial images at a city scale for heat demand modeling. The extracted buildings are used for bottom-up modeling of the residential building heat demand based on construction type and construction period. The results for DL-building extraction exhibit F1-accuracies of 87%, and construction types yield an overall accuracy of 96%. The modeled heat demands display a high level of agreement of R2 0.82 compared with reference data. Finally, we analyze various refurbishment scenarios for construction periods and construction types, e.g., revealing that the targeted thermal renovation of multi-family houses constructed between the 1950s and 1970s accounts for about 47% of the total heat demand in a realistic refurbishment scenario.

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A Sustainable Approach towards the Retrofit of the Public Housing Building Stock: Energy-Architectural Experimental and Numerical Analysis

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052881 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2881

Author(s):

Federica Rosso ◽

Arianna Peduzzi ◽

Lorenzo Diana ◽

Stefano Cascone ◽

Carlo Cecere

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Residential Building ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Building Stock ◽

Existing Building ◽

The Public

Nowadays, energy retrofit interventions on the existing building stock are of paramount importance towards energy consumption and emissions reductions in the construction sector. Such interventions are also crucial in the view of increasing cities resilience with respect to the intensification of frequent extreme weather events, such as cold spells and heatwaves. Indeed, a wide portion of our cities is dated and lacking with respect to performances. These are the motivations behind the proposed sustainable approach, which deals with the environmental perspective, but also with social and economic ones, by proposing the retrofit of the Public Residential Building stock (Edilizia Residenziale Pubblica, ERP). The objective is to improve the energy performance of ERP stock by means of construction materials coming from local km0 agricultural waste and by-products. The research was conducted by means of in field and numerical analyses of the energy performances of a relevant case study building. Different layers of bio-based, recycled construction materials for the envelope were tested with respect to their efficacy in improving the energy performance of a case study building. The results demonstrate that the most performing envelope solutions and their combination are able to reduce up to 36% of the yearly energy consumption for heating.

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