The impact of adaptation on climate vulnerability: Is readiness relevant?

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 103325
Author(s):  
George Babington Amegavi ◽  
Zechariah Langnel ◽  
Jerome Jeffison Yaw Ofori ◽  
Daisy Rose Ofori
Keyword(s):  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Combine Harvester: Impact on paddy production in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Md Rostom Ali ◽  
Chayan Kumer Saha ◽  
Md Monjurul Alam ◽  
Md Enamul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Agricultural Production System ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
The Impact

Due to migration of agricultural labor in non-farm sectors and increasing climate vulnerability it is a great challenge to keep pace of food production for the exponential growth of population in Bangladesh. For following the traditional paddy harvesting methods, significant amount of field losses has been occurred in every year. The study was conducted to evaluate performance of combine harvester in comparison to manual harvesting of paddy and identify the impact on agricultural production system in Bangladesh. The experiment was conducted at Wazirpur Upazila of Barisal district during Aman-2018 paddy harvesting using a combine harvester and also, manual harvesting was conducted at the same location. Financial analysis of combine harvester over manual method was carried out for comparison. Cost savings in mechanical harvesting of paddy were found 57.61% for using combine harvester over manual harvesting. Similarly, labors savings for using combine harvester was found 70% over manual harvesting. The estimated BCR of combine harvester is found 1.55. The break-even use of combine harvester is 35 ha/yr which indicates a combine harvester must operate above 35 ha/yr to have profit. The combine harvester will run on fully profit basis if it could be used after that minimum hectares. The average total harvesting losses (including harvesting, threshing and cleaning) were also found 1.61% and 6.08% for using combine harvester and manual harvesting, respectively. The losses of paddy will be reduced 4.47% using combine harvester over manual harvesting. The above results revealed that manual harvesting is a labor and cost involving system. On the other hand, mechanical harvester like combine harvester is a time, labor and cost saving system along with reducing harvesting losses. As a result, total paddy production might be increased, and which will help to contribute significantly to the development of livelihood status of rural community of Bangladesh. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 583–591, 2019

scholarly journals District-level analysis of climate vulnerability and household nutrition status among rural communities in Odisha, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arabinda Acharya ◽  
Anup Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Production System ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Good nutrition is the foundation of human well-being that leads to better health, effective engagement of the workforce, and productive lifestyle, resulting in higher income and an integrated development trajectory. This paper attempts to comprehend the impact of climate vulnerability on household nutrition status through agriculture production systems in Odisha, India. This study using secondary data estimates a composite index of climate vulnerability on the agriculture ecosystem in Odisha at the district scale. Results suggest that among all the districts in Odisha, Bhadrak (0.193) is the most vulnerable district followed by Sonepur (0.191) and Baudh (0.190). On the other hand, Mayurbhanj (0.099) is the least vulnerable district followed by Ganjam (0.103) and Sundargarh (0.105). The fi ndings also suggest that there is a wide variation in vulnerability indicators among the districts in Odisha (0.099 – the lowest district value vs. 0.193 – the highest). The results of multivariate analysis evince that in households (both women and children) nutritional status, the composite value of “climate vulnerability” has a greater role in predicting the predictors in Odisha through the agriculture production system. The climate vulnerability has a positive and signifi cant relationship with forest area (r=0.403*), gross cropped area (r=0.489**), percent of scheduled caste population (r=0.510**), percent of urban area (r=0.427*), and per-capita income (r=0.712**). The fi ndings also signify that district-wise gross cropped area (t=3.01), average annual rainfall (t=4.05), area under irrigation (t=3.36), cropping intensity (t=3.60), and forest areas (t=1.81) play a more predictive role to determine the household nutritional status along with socioeconomic and health factors such as per-capita income (t=1.8), urbanization (t=1.91), and women’s anemic status (t=2.74). Drawing inferences from the empirical evidence, the study suggests that climate vulnerability has a much greater role in influencing household nutrition status, particularly with women and child nutrition through the agriculture production system. Appropriate policy level measures for climate-sensitive and adaptive action are the need of the hour to make agriculture production ecosystem contributes positively to nutrition status.

scholarly journals Assessment of Climate Vulnerability on Orange Farming System in Batola

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umi Salawati ◽  
Gusti Rusmayadi ◽  
Dewi Erika Adriani
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
Forest Plants ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
The Impact

The Siamese orange is a superior commodity because it has economic value and is specific to the characteristics of the tidal swamp agroecosystems. Uncertainty triggered by natural conditions and the market causes farmers to lose money, fail to harvest, and suffer, thus affecting the sustainability of their farming business. The final result of the farmer's business describes the magnitude of the Impact felt by the farmer and the farmer's ability to support the losses that can be experienced. This assessment aims to have a comprehensive CVA (Climate Vulnerability Assessment) for the primary commodities in 3 sub-districts in Batola (Carbon, Mandasatana, and Marabahan) and translate the results of activities with recommendations for these various districts.  The research was conducted using survey methods, direct observations in the field, Focus Group Discussions, and in-depth interviews with respondents, namely farmers, traders, as well as community leaders and related agencies (Department of Food Crops and Horticulture (DTPH) and District Agricultural Extension Center) totaling 100 people. The DTPH of Batola Regency also collected secondary data. The data collected were analyzed descriptively. In the district of Cerbon (type A), the highest choice is citrus, then seasonal and mixed crops. The major decisions in the Mandastana sub-district (type B) are monoculture oranges, then seasonal crops, diverse crops, and Galam forest plants. In the Marabahan sub-district (type C), apart from citrus, oil palm and rubber have been developed as industrial support plants

scholarly journals An assessment of marine, estuarine, and riverine habitat vulnerability to climate change in the Northeast U.S.

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260654
Author(s):  
Emily R. Farr ◽  
Michael R. Johnson ◽  
Mark W. Nelson ◽  
Jonathan A. Hare ◽  
Wendy E. Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Expert Elicitation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Anthropogenic Stressors ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
Riverine Habitats ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is impacting the function and distribution of habitats used by marine, coastal, and diadromous species. These impacts often exacerbate the anthropogenic stressors that habitats face, particularly in the coastal environment. We conducted a climate vulnerability assessment of 52 marine, estuarine, and riverine habitats in the Northeast U.S. to develop an ecosystem-scale understanding of the impact of climate change on these habitats. The trait-based assessment considers the overall vulnerability of a habitat to climate change to be a function of two main components, sensitivity and exposure, and relies on a process of expert elicitation. The climate vulnerability ranks ranged from low to very high, with living habitats identified as the most vulnerable. Over half of the habitats examined in this study are expected to be impacted negatively by climate change, while four habitats are expected to have positive effects. Coastal habitats were also identified as highly vulnerable, in part due to the influence of non-climate anthropogenic stressors. The results of this assessment provide regional managers and scientists with a tool to inform habitat conservation, restoration, and research priorities, fisheries and protected species management, and coastal and ocean planning.

scholarly journals Climate Vulnerability in Rainfed Farming: Analysis from Indian Watersheds

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Sathyan ◽  
Christoph Funk ◽  
Thomas Aenis ◽  
Lutz Breuer
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Rainfed Farming ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

India ranks first among the rainfed agricultural countries in the world. The impact of changing climate threatens rainfed food production as well as the food security of millions of people in the tropics and subtropics. The Government of India initiated Watershed Development Programmes (WDPs) for the overall development of these areas. We, therefore, established a comprehensive, location-specific, bottom-up tool to analyse and compare the climate vulnerability of watershed areas. For this, we deducted a new Climate Vulnerability Index for Rainfed Tropics (CVIRFT) to evaluate the potential effectiveness of programmes to adapt to climate change impacts. The CVIRFT comprises of three dimensions of vulnerability, i.e., adaptive capacity, exposure and sensitivity. These dimensions consist of ten major components and 59 indicators with emphasis on rainfed farming and WDP interventions. To test the tool, we collected primary data through household surveys (n = 215, split among three watershed communities) in Kerala. We show that there were strong variations in the exposure dimension, moderate in sensitivity and negligible in adaptive capacity across the watersheds. After analysing the major components under the dimensions, we suggest focusing on policy orientation towards redesigning of the WDPs with emphasis to economic diversification, livelihood strategies, social networking coupled with stakeholder participation, natural resource management and risk spread through credit and insurance flexibility. The CVIRFT is replicable to similar physio-geographic areas of rainfed farming, with the refinement of indicators suited to the locality.

scholarly journals The impact of climate vulnerability on firms’ cost of capital and access to finance

2021 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 105131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Kling ◽  
Ulrich Volz ◽  
Victor Murinde ◽  
Sibel Ayas
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Access To Finance ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
The Impact

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

Organic Syntheses During the Impact of a Comet with a Gaseous Planet

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Cesare Guaita ◽  
Roberto Crippa ◽  
Federico Manzini
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Blue Filter ◽  
Organic Syntheses ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA large amount of CO has been detected above many SL9/Jupiter impacts. This gas was never detected before the collision. So, in our opinion, CO was released from a parent compound during the collision. We identify this compound as POM (polyoxymethylene), a formaldehyde (HCHO) polymer that, when suddenly heated, reformes monomeric HCHO. At temperatures higher than 1200°K HCHO cannot exist in molecular form and the most probable result of its decomposition is the formation of CO. At lower temperatures, HCHO can react with NH3 and/or HCN to form high UV-absorbing polymeric material. In our opinion, this kind of material has also to be taken in to account to explain the complex evolution of some SL9 impacts that we observed in CCD images taken with a blue filter.

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