Nutrient resource requirements for large-scale microalgae biofuel production: Multi-pathway evaluation

The aim of this paper is to discuss the major technological changes related to the implementation of large-scale cogeneration and biofuel production in the sugar and alcohol industry. The reduction of the process steam consumption, implementation of new alternatives in driving mills, the widespread practice of high steam parameters use in cogeneration facilities, the insertion of new technologies for biofuels production (hydrolysis and gasification), the energy conversion of sugarcane trash and vinasse, animal feed production, process integration and implementation of the biorefinery concept are considered. Another new paradigm consists in the wide spreading of sustainability studies of products and processes using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the implementation of sustainability indexes. Every approach to this issue has as an objective to increase the economic efficiency and the possibilities of the sugarcane as a main source of two basic raw materials: fibres and sugar. The paper briefly presents the concepts, indicators, state-of-the-art and perspectives of each of the referred issues.

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Bio-Flocculation Property Analyses of Oleaginous Microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides UTEX 2341

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2885

Author(s):

Jinyu Li ◽

Baozhen Li ◽

Jinshui Yang

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Microalgae Harvesting ◽

Flocculation Efficiency ◽

Oleaginous Microalgae ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Flocculation Ability ◽

Powder Samples ◽

Auxenochlorella Protothecoides

The bio-flocculation ability of UTEX 2341 was studied for the purpose of improving microalgae harvesting efficiency to cut the high cost of biofuel production. The algae cells of UTEX 2341 cultured under heterotrophic and municipal wastewater conditions were found to have better self-flocculation ability, with flocculation rates of 92% and 85% at 2 h, respectively. Moreover, the flocculation rates of 16 freeze-dried microalgae powder samples cultured under different stress conditions were 0~72% with an algae powder dosage of 35 mg L−1. The flocculation efficiency of DIM, DCd1, DT28, and L6S was stable under different pH of 3~9 and temperatures of 15~50 °C. For samples of IM, LCd0.6, LMn2, and LZn2, the flocculation efficiency decreased or increased respectively with increased pH or temperatures. Though the flocculation properties of the eight samples showed wide differences, their flocculant compositions were almost the same with unknown components occupying large proportions. More studies needed to be further carried out to reveal the flocculation mechanisms and analyze the flocculation abilities in practical application, which would be conducive to future large-scale application of the bio-flocculation method and also cost reduction.

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Feasibility of Large-Scale Biofuel Production

BioScience ◽

10.2307/1313165 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 47 (9) ◽

pp. 587-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 147

Author(s):

Mario Giampietro ◽

Sergio Ulgiati ◽

David Pimentel

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Biofuel Production

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Effects of Carrier Material and Design on Microalgae Attachment for Biofuel Manufacturing: A Literature Review

ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference, Volume 1 ◽

10.1115/msec2010-34150 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yan Cui ◽

Wenqiao Wayne Yuan ◽

Zhijian Pei

Keyword(s):

Free Energy ◽

Large Scale ◽

Cell Attachment ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Surface Wettability ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Algae Biofuels ◽

Attachment Strength ◽

Species Specific ◽

Continuous Use

Continuous use of petroleum derived fuels is widely recognized as unsustainable due to depleting supplies and the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the environment. Renewable, carbon neutral transport fuels are needed for environmental and economic sustainabilities. Algae have been demonstrated to be one of the most promising sources for biofuel production. However, large-scale algae production and harvesting for energy manufacturing are too costly using existing methods. The approach of growing algae on solid carriers is innovative and can potentially lead to cost-effective manufacturing of algae biofuels. As cells approach to the solid surface, many factors come in to influence microbial attachment such as the surface wettability, free energy, polarity, roughness and topography. Surface wettability plays an important role in the initial cell attachment. For further contact, surface free energy and polarity are more directly related to cell-substratum attachment strength. Surface roughness and texture are species-specific parameters and have been applied widely in attachment studies.

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Biomass logistics analysis for large scale biofuel production: Case study of loblolly pine and switchgrass

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.032 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 183 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Xiaoming Lu ◽

Mitch R. Withers ◽

Navid Seifkar ◽

Randall P. Field ◽

Steven R.H. Barrett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Large Scale ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Biomass Logistics

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Modelling key market impacts and land allocation for biofuel production and forestry

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences ◽

10.1155/jamds/2006/81071 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2006 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

A. Korobeinikov ◽

P. Read ◽

A. Parshotam ◽

J. Lermit

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Wood Products ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Fuel Wood ◽

Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact

It has been suggested that the large scale use of biofuel, that is, fuel derived from biological materials, especially in combination with reforestation of large areas, can lead to a low-cost reduction of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. In this paper, a model of three markets: fuel, wood products, and land are considered with the aim of evaluating the impact of large scale biofuel production and forestry on these markets, and to estimate the cost of a policy aimed at the reduction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It is shown that the costs are lower than had been previously expected.

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MULTI-CLASS RESOURCE SHARING WITH BATCH ARRIVALS

Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0269964818000323 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 348-366

Author(s):

Paul Ezhilchelvan ◽

Isi Mitrani

Keyword(s):

Resource Sharing ◽

Large Scale ◽

Virtual Machines ◽

Cloud Provider ◽

Batch Arrivals ◽

Large Scale Systems ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Resource Requirements ◽

Partial Blocking ◽

Fixed Point Iterations

A cloud provider hosts virtual machines (VMs) of different types, with different resource requirements. There are bounds on the total amounts of each kind of resource that are available. Requests arrive in batches of different sizes. Under the ‘complete blocking’ policy, a request is accepted only if all the VMs in its batch can be accommodated. The ‘partial blocking’ policy would accept a request if there is room for at least one of the VMs in the batch. Blocked requests are lost, with an associated loss of revenue. The trade-offs between costs and benefits are evaluated by means of appropriate models, for which novel solutions based on fixed-point iterations are proposed. The applicability of those solutions is extended, by means of simplifications, to very large-scale systems. Numerical examples and comparisons with simulations are presented.

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Operational Cost of Running Real-Time Mobile Cloud Applications

Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication - Enabling Real-Time Mobile Cloud Computing through Emerging Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-8662-5.ch010 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 294-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ovunc Kocabas ◽

Regina Gyampoh-Vidogah ◽

Tolga Soyata

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Large Scale ◽

Service Level ◽

Cloud Services ◽

Mobile Cloud ◽

Cost Models ◽

Operational Cost ◽

Resource Requirements ◽

The Cost ◽

Cloud Applications

This chapter describes the concepts and cost models used for determining the cost of providing cloud services to mobile applications using different pricing models. Two recently implemented mobile-cloud applications are studied in terms of both the cost of providing such services by the cloud operator, and the cost of operating them by the cloud user. Computing resource requirements of both applications are identified and worksheets are presented to demonstrate how businesses can estimate the operational cost of implementing such real-time mobile cloud applications at a large scale, as well as how much cloud operators can profit from providing resources for these applications. In addition, the nature of available service level agreements (SLA) and the importance of quality of service (QoS) specifications within these SLAs are emphasized and explained for mobile cloud application deployment.

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The impacts of large-scale liquid biofuel production in rural communities

Biofuels and Rural Poverty ◽

10.4324/9780203128473-7 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 60-78

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Large Scale ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Liquid Biofuel

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Algal biofuels from wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2011.100 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 660-665 ◽

Cited By ~ 158

Author(s):

R. J. Craggs ◽

S. Heubeck ◽

T. J. Lundquist ◽

J. R. Benemann

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Nutrient Removal ◽

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Algal Species ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

High Rate ◽

Algal Production ◽

High Rate Algal Ponds

This paper examines the potential of algae biofuel production in conjunction with wastewater treatment. Current technology for algal wastewater treatment uses facultative ponds, however, these ponds have low productivity (∼10 tonnes/ha.y), are not amenable to cultivating single algal species, require chemical flocculation or other expensive processes for algal harvest, and do not provide consistent nutrient removal. Shallow, paddlewheel-mixed high rate algal ponds (HRAPs) have much higher productivities (∼30 tonnes/ha.y) and promote bioflocculation settling which may provide low-cost algal harvest. Moreover, HRAP algae are carbon-limited and daytime addition of CO2 has, under suitable climatic conditions, the potential to double production (to ∼60 tonnes/ha.y), improve bioflocculation algal harvest, and enhance wastewater nutrient removal. Algae biofuels (e.g. biogas, ethanol, biodiesel and crude bio-oil), could be produced from the algae harvested from wastewater HRAPs, The wastewater treatment function would cover the capital and operation costs of algal production, with biofuel and recovered nutrient fertilizer being by-products. Greenhouse gas abatement results from both the production of the biofuels and the savings in energy consumption compared to electromechanical treatment processes. However, to achieve these benefits, further research is required, particularly the large-scale demonstration of wastewater treatment HRAP algal production and harvest.

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