Multi-stage pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass for multi-product biorefinery: A review

Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) is a promising crop from which to obtain oilseeds and lignocellulosic biomass. Acid-catalyzed steam explosion is a thermochemical process that can efficiently pre-treat lignocellulosic biomass. The drawback is the production of a high number of carbohydrate degradation products in the liquid fraction that could inhibit microbial growth. In this work, the lignocellulosic biomass of cardoon, gathered from a dedicated field, were used as the raw material for the production of fermentable monosaccharides by employing acid-catalyzed steam explosion. The raw material was pre-soaked with a dilute 1% (w/w) sulfuric acid solution and then subjected to steam explosion under three different severity conditions. The recovered slurry was separated into solid and liquid fractions, which were individually characterized to determine total carbohydrate and inhibitor concentrations. The slurry and the washed solid fraction underwent enzymatic hydrolysis to release glucose and pentose monosaccharides. By conducting the pre-treatment at 175 °C for 35 min and hydrolyzing the obtained slurry, a yield of 33.17 g of monosaccharides/100 g of cardoon was achieved. At the same conditions, 4.39 g of inhibitors/100 g of cardoon were produced.

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Catalysed-microwave based Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass of Camelina Sativa L. for Bio-Fuel Production

Defence Life Science Journal ◽

10.14429/dlsj.3.11592 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sanjay Mohan Gupta ◽

Kamal Kumar ◽

Rakshit Pathak ◽

Sanjai Kumar Dwivedi

Keyword(s):

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Camelina Sativa ◽

Cellulosic Biomass ◽

Fuel Production ◽

Glucose Content ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Pre Treatment

<p>Lignocellulosic biomasses are promising alternative resource for bio-fuel production. But due to the recalcitrant nature of lignin and hemicellulose, necessitates an efficient pre-treatment process to improve the yield of reducing sugars and maximising the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Catalysed-microwave pre-treatment may be a good alternative as compared to other methods since it can reduce the time and improve the enzymatic activity during hydrolysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the catalysed-microwave based pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass of Camelina sativa straw (CSS) to overcome the recalcitrant nature of cellulosic biomass. The microwave-alkaline (2 % NaOH) pre-treatment of CSS at 250 W for 10 min yields maximum (~422 mg/g) total soluble sugars (TSS) production during hydrolysis. Likewise, the maximum glucose content (~294 mg/g) was measured in 2 % alkaline-microwave pre-treatment for 10 min at RT. However, slight increase in lignin degradation was observed with the increase in alkaline hydroxide concentration and microwave irradiation exposure time. The maximum degradation in lignin content (~83 %) was measured in 3 % alkaline-microwave pre-treatment for 20 min at RT. Our results suggest that the microwave-alkaline pre-treatment approach may be employed for comprehensive utilisation of CSS biomass of Camelina sativa L. cv. Calena (EC643910) for bio-fuel production.</p>

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Upgraded Seawater-Alkaline Pre-Treatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Bio-Methane Production

Energy Procedia ◽

10.1016/j.egypro.2017.10.390 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 138 ◽

pp. 372-379

Author(s):

Shahrul Ismail ◽

Mizan Qistina Saharuddin ◽

Mohamed Shahrir Mohamed Zahari

Keyword(s):

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Methane Production ◽

Pre Treatment

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Temperature, Solid Loading and Time Effects on Recovery of Sugar from OPEFB

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201815603022 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 156 ◽

pp. 03022 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diah Meilany ◽

MTAP Kresnowati ◽

Tjandra Setiadi

Keyword(s):

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Hydrothermal Process ◽

Raw Material ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Solid Loading ◽

Time Effects ◽

Glucose Recovery ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Main Component

Biorefinery industry used lignocellulosic biomass as the raw material. Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) is one of Indonesian potential lignocellulosic biomass, which consists of hemicellulose with xylan as the main component. Xylitol production via fermentation could use this xylan since it can be converted into xylose. However, the structure of OPEFB is such that hemicellulose is protected in a way that will hinder hydrolysis enzyme to access it. Considering that hemicellulose is more susceptible to heat than cellulose, a hydrothermal process was applied to pre-treat OPEFB before it was hydrolyzed enzymatically. The aim of the research is to map the effect of temperature, solid loading and time of pre-treatment process to obtain and recover as much as possible accessible hemicellulose from OPEFB. The results showed that temperature gave more significant effect than time and solid loading for glucose recovery of OPEFB residues. While xylose recovery varies greatly with temperature, but solid loading and time gave less significant effect.

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The effect of A. Fumigatus SK1 and trichoderma sp. on the biogas production from cow manure

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v14n3.1066 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 353-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zulfah Zulkifli ◽

Nazaitulshila Rasit ◽

Noor Azrimi Umor ◽

Shahrul Ismail

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Treatment Result ◽

Cow Manure ◽

Lignin Removal ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Working Volume ◽

Pre Treatment

Lignocellulosic material consists of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Converting lignocellulosic biomass such as cow manure (CM) into value-added products provides a potential alternative. Hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose is a limiting step during Anaerobic Digestion (AD) of lignocellulosic biomass. Lignin in lignocellulosic biomass is the barrier for hydrolysis, thus limits the biogas production. In this study, the effect of A.Fumigatus SK1 and Trichoderma sp. on enzymatic pre-treatment of CM was investigated with respect to the biogas production. Three set of anaerobic digestion assays were carried out, with a working volume of 500 mL at 35 ± 2°C and 120 rpm. The first set of fermentation contained untreated CM. The second set of fermentation involved addition of A.Fumigatus SK1, and the last set contained Trichoderma sp. Several analysis were conducted to determine the biomethane potential (BMP), anaerobic biodegradability, reducing sugars concentration and lignin removal of CM before and after pre-treatment. Result showed that, among both evaluated pre-treatment methods, CM treated with Trichoderma sp. gave the highest methane potential with 0.023 LCH4-STP g VS-1 compared to CM treated with A.Fumigatus SK1(0.011 LCH4-STP g VS-1). A good correlation have been found in this study between lignin removal and reducing sugar produced where, the total lignin removal after treated with Trichoderma sp. was 60% followed by 43% after treated with A.Fumigatus SK1.The reducing sugar produced after pre-treated with Trichoderma sp. and A.Fumigatus SK1 was about 9.59 and 4.91 μmol glucose, respectively. These results collectively suggested that CM treated with Trichoderma sp. could be a better pre-treatment method for the higher methane production in anaerobic mono-digestion process.

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New Poly(Ionic Liquid) Based Fiber for Determination of Oxytetracycline in Milk Samples by Application of SPME-CE Technique

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24030430 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 430 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. Alexandra Ferreira ◽

J. Francisco Flores-Aguilar ◽

Eva M. Santos ◽

Jose A. Rodriguez ◽

Israel S. Ibarra

Keyword(s):

Capillary Electrophoresis ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Ionic Exchange ◽

Imidazolium Chloride ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Poly Ionic Liquid

In this work, a procedure using solid phase microextraction in combination with capillary electrophoresis was developed for the determination of oxytetracycline in milk samples. The method involves the synthesis of poly(1-allyl-3-methyl imidazolium) chloride film on a stainless-steel bar via electropolymerization and its use as an adsorbent for oxytetracycline (OT) by an ionic exchange mechanism. The coated fiber is then immersed in milk samples for retention of oxytetracycline residues, followed by elution, drying, and reconstitution before analysis with capillary electrophoresis. The proposed method achieves a limit of detection of 70 µg L–1 with adequate precision and uncertainty, making this methodology appropriate for the determination of OT in milk samples. The method was applied to the pre-concentration and quantification of oxytetracycline in ten commercial milk samples. Two tested samples were positive for the presence of oxytetracycline but the concentration was below the maximum residue limit according to the international normative standard. The proposed methodology was evaluated according to the Eco-Scale approach, and the total score of 51 indicated that the methodology proposed is both green and acceptable despite the multi-stage character. SPME-CE methodology allows us to perform the sample pre-treatment and determination of OT in an effective and greener way, decreasing the number of steps during the analysis and the generation of waste.

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Progress on the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass employing ionic liquids

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.rser.2019.01.052 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 105 ◽

pp. 268-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Pobitra Halder ◽

Sazal Kundu ◽

Savankumar Patel ◽

Adi Setiawan ◽

Rob Atkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Pre Treatment

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Optimization of Pre-treatment Using RSM on Wheat Straw and Production of Lactic Acid Using Thermotolerant, Inhibitor Tolerant and Xylose Utilizing Bacillus Sonorenesis Strain DGS15

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1204425/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Simarpreet Kaur Chawla ◽

Dinesh Goyal

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Fermentation Broth ◽

Lactic Acid Production ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Hot Water ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Wheat Straw Biomass ◽

Pretreated Biomass

Abstract Thermotolerant lactic acid producing bacteria, isolated from red soil of brick kiln was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Bacillus sonorenesis , which showed remarkable capability to ferment sugars of lignocellulosic biomass after pre-treatment, yielding 0.97 g/g lactic acid with overall productivity of 0.38 g L -1/ h. RSM was employed to optimize the sulphuric acid pre-treatment combined with dilute NaOH and hot water pre-treatment. Pretreated wheat straw biomass had 40.4% cellulose, 18.4% hemicellulose, 12.4% lignin and 28.2 g L -1 reducing sugar, while native wheat straw biomass had 36% cellulose, 25% hemicellulose, 20% total lignin, and 0.94 g L -1 reducing sugar. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the ordered and compact structure of wheat straw was destroyed upon pre-treatment. X-ray diffractogram (XRD) revealed 9.71% increase in crystallinity index ( CrI ) in pretreated biomass. FTIR spectrogram showed removal of lignin due to reduction of peak at 1640 cm -1 in pretreated biomass. Bacillus sonorenesis DGS15 is inhibitor tolerant (furfural (1.2 g L -1 ) and HMF (2.4 g L -1 )). Furfural was consumed after 72 h of fermentation and HMF got accumulated with 3.75-fold increase in concentration in the fermentation broth. In terms of final concentration, yield, and fermentation duration, this is the best performance of DGS15 for lactic acid production utilizing xylose, glucose as the carbon source. All of these findings showed that the thermotolerant Bacillus sonorenesis strain DGS15 is a novel, attractive candidate for producing lactic acid from lignocellulosic biomass.

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