Catalysed-microwave based Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass of Camelina Sativa L. for Bio-Fuel Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Mohan Gupta ◽  
Kamal Kumar ◽  
Rakshit Pathak ◽  
Sanjai Kumar Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Pre Treatment

<p>Lignocellulosic biomasses are promising alternative resource for bio-fuel production. But due to the recalcitrant nature of lignin and hemicellulose, necessitates an efficient pre-treatment process to improve the yield of reducing sugars and maximising the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Catalysed-microwave pre-treatment may be a good alternative as compared to other methods since it can reduce the time and improve the enzymatic activity during hydrolysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the catalysed-microwave based pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass of Camelina sativa straw (CSS) to overcome the recalcitrant nature of cellulosic biomass. The microwave-alkaline (2 % NaOH) pre-treatment of CSS at 250 W for 10 min yields maximum (~422 mg/g) total soluble sugars (TSS) production during hydrolysis. Likewise, the maximum glucose content (~294 mg/g) was measured in 2 % alkaline-microwave pre-treatment for 10 min at RT. However, slight increase in lignin degradation was observed with the increase in alkaline hydroxide concentration and microwave irradiation exposure time. The maximum degradation in lignin content (~83 %) was measured in 3 % alkaline-microwave pre-treatment for 20 min at RT. Our results suggest that the microwave-alkaline pre-treatment approach may be employed for comprehensive utilisation of CSS biomass of Camelina sativa L. cv. Calena (EC643910) for bio-fuel production.</p>

scholarly journals Stochastic model of lignocellulosic material saccharification

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009262
Author(s):  
Eric Behle ◽  
Adélaïde Raguin
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Gillespie Algorithm ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Fitting Procedure ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Pre Treatment

The processing of agricultural wastes towards extraction of renewable resources is recently being considered as a promising alternative to conventional biofuel production. The degradation of agricultural residues is a complex chemical process that is currently time intensive and costly. Various pre-treatment methods are being investigated to determine the subsequent modification of the material and the main obstacles in increasing the enzymatic saccharification. In this study, we present a computational model that complements the experimental approaches. We decipher how the three-dimensional structure of the substrate impacts the saccharification dynamics. We model a cell wall microfibril composed of cellulose and surrounded by hemicellulose and lignin, with various relative abundances and arrangements. This substrate is subjected to digestion by different cocktails of well characterized enzymes. The saccharification dynamics is simulated in silico using a stochastic procedure based on a Gillespie algorithm. As we additionally implement a fitting procedure that optimizes the parameters of the simulation runs, we are able to reproduce experimental saccharification time courses for corn stover. Our model highlights the synergistic action of enzymes, and confirms the linear decrease of sugar conversion when either lignin content or crystallinity of the substrate increases. Importantly, we show that considering the crystallinity of cellulose in addition to the substrate composition is essential to interpret experimental saccharification data. Finally, our findings support the hypothesis of xylan being partially crystalline.

scholarly journals Chemical pre-treatments on oil palm empty fruit bunches: Impacts on characteristics and methane potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 924 (1) ◽  
pp. 012071
Author(s):  
N A Rohma ◽  
S Suhartini ◽  
I Nurika
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Test System ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Bmp Test

Abstract Production of biogas from lignocellulosic biomass by anaerobic digestion (AD) has attracted much interest. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), one of lignocellulosic biomass, is highly abundant in Indonesia and has potential as feedstock for bioenergy production such as biogas or methane. Yet, pre-treatments are needed to improve biogas production due to its complex crystalline structures. Chemical pre-treatments with acid or alkaline solution were reported to increase cellulose or highly reduce the lignin content of OPEFB. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acid and alkaline pre-treatments on the characteristics of OPEFB and methane potential. The acid pre-treatment experimental design was used factor of H2SO4 concentration (1, 1.3, and 1.6 (%v/v)) and NaOH concentration (1.8, 2.8, and 3.8 (%w/v)). Methane potential evaluation was carried out using the biochemical methane potential (BMP) test with the Automatic Methane Potential Test System (AMPTS) II under mesophilic condition (37°C), operated for 28 days. The results showed that both dilute acid and alkaline pre-treatment positively impact altering the characteristics of OPEFB, hence the specific methane potential. Alkaline pre-treatment with NaOH 3.8 (%w/v) gave the highest average SMP value of 0.161 ± 0.005 m3 CH4/kgVSadded.

scholarly journals Fermentative Conversion of Two-Step Pre-Treated Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrogen

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Kucharska ◽  
Hubert Cieśliński ◽  
Piotr Rybarczyk ◽  
Edyta Słupek ◽  
Rafał Łukajtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Fermentative Hydrogen Production ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Fermentative Hydrogen

Fermentative hydrogen production via dark fermentation with the application of lignocellulosic biomass requires a multistep pre-treatment procedure, due to the complexed structure of the raw material. Hence, the comparison of the hydrogen productivity potential of different lignocellulosic materials (LCMs) in relation to the lignocellulosic biomass composition is often considered as an interesting field of research. In this study, several types of biomass, representing woods, cereals and grass were processed by means of mechanical pre-treatment and alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis. Hydrolysates were used in fermentative hydrogen production via dark fermentation process with Enterobacter aerogenes (model organism). The differences in the hydrogen productivity regarding different materials hydrolysates were analyzed using chemometric methods with respect to a wide dataset collected throughout this study. Hydrogen formation, as expected, was positively correlated with glucose concentration and total reducing sugars amount (YTRS) in enzymatic hydrolysates of LCMs, and negatively correlated with concentrations of enzymatic inhibitors i.e., HMF, furfural and total phenolic compounds in alkaline-hydrolysates LCMs, respectively. Interestingly, high hydrogen productivity was positively correlated with lignin content in raw LCMs and smaller mass loss of LCM after pre-treatment step. Besides results of chemometric analysis, the presented data analysis seems to confirm that the structure and chemical composition of lignin and hemicellulose present in the lignocellulosic material is more important to design the process of its bioconversion than the proportion between the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content in this material. For analyzed LCMs we found remarkable higher potential of hydrogen production via bioconversion process of woods i.e., beech (24.01 mL H2/g biomass), energetic poplar (23.41 mL H2/g biomass) or energetic willow (25.44 mL H2/g biomass) than for cereals i.e., triticale (17.82 mL H2/g biomass) and corn (14.37 mL H2/g biomass) or for meadow grass (7.22 mL H2/g biomass).

scholarly journals Oil and Protein Stability in Some Camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1368-1374
Author(s):  
İlhan Subaşı ◽  
Yusuf Arslan ◽  
Safure Güler ◽  
Halil Hatipoğlu ◽  
Servet Abrak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trial Design ◽  
Negative Selection ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Increasing Demand

Camelina sativa L. Crantz., which draws attention with its non-food use (biodiesel, animal feed etc.) against the increasing demand for oilseeds worldwide, is a good alternative plant. It is important to identify suitable and stable genotypes for regions along with high protein and oil content. The purpose of this study, camelina genotypes of Turkey in 3 different locations (Ankara, Ankara, Eskisehir) to investigate the quality characteristics in terms of genotype environment interactions in unirrigated and unfertilized conditions. 36 different genotypes, purified lines by negative selection, were analysed with 3 standard genotypes with augmented trial design. Environmental (E), genotype (G) and G × E interactions, which are sources of variation for protein and oil content, have been shown to be important. Oil and protein content were found ranged from 34.35%-37.88% and 25.76%-27.64% respectively. We have obtained important findings in our study to see the performance of Camelina sativa, and the possibility of alternative oil plants for these regions. İn terms of correlation of protein ratio and oil ratio, genotypes with high value that were least affected by each other were determined. The results showed that genotype selection by regions is important in terms of protein and oil ratio.

scholarly journals Variation in Chemicals and Growth Parameters of Taşköprü Garlic

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-854
Author(s):  
Nezahat Turfan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Proline Amino Acid ◽  
Β Carotene

Main goals of the present study were (1) to initially investigate the nutrient contents and bioactive compounds in the bulb and cloves of garlic, and (2) to study the growth parameter after planting. Garlic bulbs were firstly separated into three categories as pickled, big and small, while the big garlic cloves were also classified into three categories as big, small and central. Secondly, the garlic samples were analyzed before planting for their element profile, proline, soluble protein, free amino acid, β-carotene, lycopene, total phenolic, soluble sugars, SOD and α-amylase activities. Finally, the growth parameters were measured using the cultivated cloves and the pickled bulbs. According to the result, the highest soluble protein, N, phenolic, lycopene and α amylase activity (97.06 mg, 2.58%, 971 mg, 0.368 mg and 38.13 EU, respectively) were recorded in the biggest cloves. The highest proline, amino acid, glucose content (93.84 µmol, 23.54 mg, 230.89 mg, respectively) and K, P, S, Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn (21940 ppm, 7577 ppm, 12200 ppm, 504 ppm, 38.1ppm, 377,7ppm and 44.5 ppm, respectively) were found in the pickled bulb. The maximum level of β-carotene (0.282 mg), Ca, Cl and Sr (11260ppm, 818.7ppm and 47.9 ppm) were determined in the small bulbs. Based on the growth parameters of seedlings, the highest value of shoot and root length (39.12 cm and 24.11 cm respectively), the fresh weight of shoot and root (5.29 g and 4.54 g respectively) and dry weight of shoot and root (1.70 g and 1.24 g respectively) were noted with the big cloves. The results of the current study have indicated that the pickled cloves have higher macro and micro nutrients, proline, amino acid and glucose, while the big cloves of garlic have higher proline, phenolic, N%, lycopene and amylase activity. It can be said that the big cloves showed good value for the five bioactive compounds, but the pickled exhibited good value for the macro and micro element and glucose.

scholarly journals Delignification of Date Palm Fronds using Modified Organosolv Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Salih Mahdi ◽  
Asem Hassan Mohammed ◽  
Alaa Kareem Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Statistical Experimental Design ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Stainless Steel Reactor ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Design Type ◽  
Palm Fronds ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
High Lignin Content

Abstract   In this study, modified organic solvent (organosolv) method was applied to remove high lignin content in the date palm fronds (type Al-Zahdi) which was taken from the Iraqi gardens. In modified organosolv, lignocellulosic material is fractionated into its constituents (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose). In this process, solvent (organic)-water is brought into contact with the lignocellulosic biomass at high temperature, using stainless steel reactor (digester). Therefor; most of hemicellulose will remove from the biomass, while the solid residue (mainly cellulose) can be used in various industrial fields. Three variables were studied in this process: temperature, ratio of ethanol to water and digestion time. Statistical experimental design type Central Composite Design (CCD) has been used to find a mathematical relationship between the variables and the remaining lignin percent as dependent variable. The results obtained in this study were represented by a polynomial mathematical equation of the second degree.  The results showed that the best digestion time was (80 minutes), which gave the best percent remaining concentration of lignin (3%) at temperature of 185oC and ratio of ethanol: water equal to 50: 50 wt/wt. In order to reduce digesting time, the effect of using different catalysts have been studied such as (NaOH, H2SO4, Ca (OH) 2) at low concentration (0.025, 0.025, 0.05M) respectively. It was found that the best catalyst is sodium hydroxide at concentration (0.025) mol/L which gave the same percent of  lignin 3% but with low digestion time about 30 min. Keywords: Biomass pre-treatment, delignification, lignin, organosolv, date palm fronds.

scholarly journals Comparative Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Mechanisms of Improved Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Annual Ryegrass by Exogenous Chitosan

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao ◽  
Pan ◽  
Zhou ◽  
Yang ◽  
Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Osmotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Water deficit adversely affects the growth and productivity of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). The exogenous application of chitosan (CTS) has gained extensive interests due to its effect on improving drought resistance. This research aimed to determine the role of exogenous CTS on annual ryegrass in response to water stress. Here, we investigated the impact of exogenous CTS on the physiological responses and transcriptome changes of annual ryegrass variety “Tetragold” under osmotic stress induced by exposing them to 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000. Our experimental results demonstrated that 50 mg/L exogenous CTS had the optimal effect on promoting seed germination under osmotic stress. Pre-treatment of annual ryegrass seedlings with 500 mg/L CTS solution reduced the level of electrolyte leakage (EL) as well as the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) under osmotic stress. In addition, CTS increased soluble sugars and chlorophyll (Chl) content, net photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), water use efficiency (WUE), and transpiration rate (E) in annual ryegrass seedlings in response to three and six days of osmotic stress. Transcriptome analysis further provided a comprehensive understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms of CTS impact. To be more specific, in contrast of non-treated seedlings, the distinct changes of gene expressions of CTS-treated seedlings were shown to be tightly related to carbon metabolism, photosynthesis, and plant hormone. Altogether, exogenous CTS could elicit drought-related genes in annual ryegrass, leading to resistance to osmotic stress via producing antioxidant enzymes and maintaining intact cell membranes and photosynthetic rates. This robust evidence supports the potential of the application of exogenous CTS, which will be helpful for determining the suitability and productivity of agricultural crops.

scholarly journals ANALISA PEMANFAATAN KOMPOS SEBAGAI MEDIA BIOCOVER DI TEMPAT PEMROSESAN AKHIR SAMPAH: Studi Kasus Kota Depok, Jawa Barat

REAKTOR ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Gabriel Andari Kristanto ◽  
Dwi Rahayu ◽  
Evy Novita
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Compaction Rate ◽  
Process Study ◽  
Mature Compost ◽  
Pre Treatment

High percentage of organic waste in urban areas makes composting as good alternative in waste processing. However, composting has not been effectively used and the result is not optimal. Previous studies found compost can be used as biocover media to reduce methane emission landfill. The objective of the study is to identify the characteristic of produced at temporary waste unit Depok, West Java and the effect of compaction toward the amount of methane removal in the landfill. Before applied as biocover media, compost was characterized followed by maturation process. Study on methane removal efficiency was conducted as batches in four reactors for 35 days with compaction rate varying from 750, 800, 850 dan 900 kg/m3. Composting media used in the research had 80 cm thickness with artificial gas consisting of 50% CH4 dan 50% CO2. Initially, compost did not meet criteria as mature compost based on SNI 19-7030-2004, and as media biocover hence a pre-treatment was needed to improve the quality compost to meet the requirements. Compaction rate of 900 kg/m3has highest elimination capacity of methane i.e. 98,31%±3,6% and 13,98±4,32 g/m3/hour.

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