Analyzing the Impact of Print Parameters on Dimensional Variation of ABS specimens printed using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a manufacturing technology which creates three-dimensional objects layer-by-layer or drop-by-drop with minimal material waste. Despite the fact that 3D printing is a versatile and adaptable process and has advantages in establishing complex and net-shaped structures over conventional manufacturing methods, the challenge remains in identifying the optimal parameters for the 3D printing process. This study investigated the influence of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)-printed carbon fiber-filled polylactide (CFR-PLA) composites by employing an orthogonal array model. After printing, the tensile and impact strengths of the printed composites were measured, and the effects of different parameters on these strengths were examined. The experimental results indicate that 3D-printed CFR-PLA showed a rougher surface morphology than virgin PLA. For the variables selected in this analysis, bed temperature was identified as the most influential parameter on the tensile strength of CFR-PLA-printed parts, while bed temperature and print orientation were the key parameters affecting the impact strengths of printed composites. The 45° orientation printed parts also showed superior mechanical strengths than the 90° printed parts.

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Impact of 3D-printing structure on the tribological properties of polymers

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology ◽

10.1108/ilt-05-2019-0189 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 72 (6) ◽

pp. 811-818 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muammel M. Hanon ◽

Róbert Marczis ◽

László Zsidai

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Tribological Properties ◽

Future Research ◽

Fused Deposition Modelling ◽

Wear Depth ◽

Printing Process ◽

Content Type ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Polylactide Acid ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of three-dimensional (3D)-printing process settings (particularly print orientation) on the tribological properties of different polymers. Design/methodology/approach In this study, fused deposition modelling 3D-printing technology was used for fabricating the specimens. To evaluate the influence of print orientation, the test pieces were manufactured horizontally (X) and vertically (Z). The tribological properties of various printed polymers, which are polylactide acid, high tensile/high temperature-polylactide acid and polyethylene terephthalate-glycol have been studied. The tribological tests have been carried out under reciprocating sliding and dry condition. Findings The results show that the presence of various orientations during the 3D-printing process makes a difference in the coefficient of friction and the wear depth values. Findings suggest that printing structure in the horizontal orientation (X) assists in reducing friction and wear. Originality/value To date, there has been very limited research on the tribology of objects produced by 3D printing. This work was made as an attempt to pave the way for future research on the science of tribology of 3D-printed polymers.

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Development of New Composite Materials for Rapid Tooling Using Fused Deposition Modelling

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.808.103 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 808 ◽

pp. 103-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Harish Kumar Garg ◽

Rupinder Singh

Keyword(s):

Rapid Prototyping ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Research Work ◽

Rapid Tooling ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Fused Deposition Modelling ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Deposition Modeling ◽

The Impact ◽

Feedstock Material

The impact of Rapid Prototyping (RP) on the future engineering and manufacturing will undoubtedly be widespread .It has variety of applications which include the manufacture of prototypes know as rapid prototyping, tool cores and cavities know as rapid tooling and in the manufacture of patterns for a range of casting processes known as rapid casting. In the proposed research work, fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique of RP will be used for development of a tool for direct application using Rapid tooling. The research work includes development of new hybrid feedstock filament of Fe – Nylon6 composite material for the FDM machine which will be suitable for the machine in its existing setup. The feedstock filament will have the desired mechanical thermal and rheological properties as desired for Rapid Tooling applications. The proposed feedstock material will be ferromagnetic in nature and can find wide application in industrial applications.

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Influence of PLA Filament Conditions on Characteristics of FDM Parts

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma11081322 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1322 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Ana Valerga ◽

Moisés Batista ◽

Jorge Salguero ◽

Frank Girot

Keyword(s):

Industry 4.0 ◽

Low Cost ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Fused Deposition Modelling ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Environmental Humidity ◽

Manufacturing Technologies ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Additive manufacturing technologies play an important role in Industry 4.0. One of the most prevalent processes is fused deposition modelling (FDM) due to its versatility and low cost. However, there is still a lack of standardization of materials and procedures within this technology. This work aims to study the relationship of certain operating parameters and the conditions of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymer with the results of the manufactured parts in dimensional terms, surface quality, and mechanical strength. In this way, the impact of some material characteristics is analyzed, such as the pigmentation of the material and the environmental humidity where it has been stored. The manufacturing parameter that relates to these properties has been the extrusion temperature since it is the most influential in this technology. The results are quite affected especially by humidity, being a parameter little studied in the literature.

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The Impact of Hot Melt Extrusion and Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printing on Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Based Matrix

10.26226/morressier.57d6b2bed462b8028d88dd97 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Tochukwu Okwuosa

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Hot Melt Extrusion ◽

Fused Deposition Modelling ◽

Melt Extrusion ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

The Impact ◽

Hot Melt

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Impact of additive manufacturing on engineering education – evidence from Italy

Rapid Prototyping Journal ◽

10.1108/rpj-09-2014-0123 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 535-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Paolo Minetola ◽

Luca Iuliano ◽

Elena Bassoli ◽

Andrea Gatto

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Product Design ◽

Mechanical Engineering ◽

Additive Technologies ◽

Direct Access ◽

Fused Deposition Modelling ◽

Content Type ◽

Entry Level ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate how the direct access to additive manufacturing (AM) systems impacts on education of future mechanical engineers, within a Master’s program at a top Italian University. Design/methodology/approach – A survey is specifically designed to assess the relevance of entry-level AM within the learning environment, as a tool for project development. The survey is distributed anonymously to three consecutive cohorts of students who attended the course of “computer-aided production (CAP)”, within the Master of Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering at Politecnico di Torino. The course includes a practical project, consisting in the design of a polymeric product with multiple components and ending with the production of an assembled prototype. The working assembly is fabricated by the students themselves, who operate a fused deposition modelling (FDM) machine, finish the parts and evaluate assemblability and functionality. The post-course survey covers diverse aspects of the learning process, such as: motivation, knowledge acquisition, new abilities and team-working skills. Responses are analyzed to evaluate students’ perception of the usefulness of additive technologies in learning product design and development. Among the projects, one representative case study is selected and discussed. Findings – Results of the research affirm a positive relationship of access to AM devices to perceived interest, motivation and ease of learning of mechanical engineering. Entry-level additive technologies offer a hands-on experience within academia, fostering the acquisition of technical knowledge. Research limitations/implications – The survey is distributed to more than 200 students to cover the full population of the CAP course over three academic years. The year the students participated in the CAP course is not tracked because the instructor was the same and there were no administrative differences. For this reason, the survey administration might be a limitation of the current study. In addition to this, no gender distinction is made because historically, the percentage of female students in Mechanical Engineering courses is about 10 per cent or lower. Although the answers to the survey are anonymous, only 37 per cent of the students gave a feedback. Thus, on the one hand, impact assessment is limited to a sample of about one-third of the complete population, but, on the other hand, the anonymity ensures randomization in the sample selection. Practical implications – Early exposure of forthcoming designers to AM tools can turn into a “think-additive” approach to product design, that is a groundbreaking conception of geometries and product functionalities, leading to the full exploitation of the possibilities offered by additive technologies. Social implications – Shared knowledge can act as a springboard for mass adoption of AM processes. Originality/value – The advantages of adopting AM technologies at different levels of education, for diverse educational purposes and disciplines, are well assessed in the literature. The innovative aspect of this paper is that the impact of AM is evaluated through a feedback coming directly from mechanical engineering students.

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FDM-Based 3D Printing of Polymer and Associated Composite: A Review on Mechanical Properties, Defects and Treatments

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12071529 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1529 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Sachini Wickramasinghe ◽

Truong Do ◽

Phuong Tran

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Performance ◽

Matrix Material ◽

Void Formation ◽

Fused Deposition Modelling ◽

Treatment Methods ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Raster Angle ◽

Manufacturing Methods ◽

The Impact ◽

Printing Parameters

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the fastest-growing additive manufacturing methods used in printing fibre-reinforced composites (FRC). The performances of the resulting printed parts are limited compared to those by other manufacturing methods due to their inherent defects. Hence, the effort to develop treatment methods to overcome these drawbacks has accelerated during the past few years. The main focus of this study is to review the impact of those defects on the mechanical performance of FRC and therefore to discuss the available treatment methods to eliminate or minimize them in order to enhance the functional properties of the printed parts. As FRC is a combination of polymer matrix material and continuous or short reinforcing fibres, this review will thoroughly discuss both thermoplastic polymers and FRCs printed via FDM technology, including the effect of printing parameters such as layer thickness, infill pattern, raster angle and fibre orientation. The most common defects on printed parts, in particular, the void formation, surface roughness and poor bonding between fibre and matrix, are explored. An inclusive discussion on the effectiveness of chemical, laser, heat and ultrasound treatments to minimize these drawbacks is provided by this review.

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Performance and paroxetine stability in tablets manufactured by fused deposition modelling-based 3D printing

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ◽

10.1093/jpp/rgab138 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Figueiredo ◽

Ana I Fernandes ◽

Fátima G Carvalho ◽

João F Pinto

Keyword(s):

Process Parameters ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

In Vitro Dissolution ◽

Fused Deposition Modelling ◽

Dissolution Profile ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

The Impact ◽

Hot Melt

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to develop a method for the preparation and characterization of paroxetine (PRX) tablets, obtained by coupling hot-melt extrusion and fused deposition modelling (FDM)-based three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology. The impact of the printing process parameters on the drug stability and on the tablets performance was assessed. Methods Tablets were obtained by FDM of hot-melt extruded PRX-loaded filaments. Physicochemical, thermal, spectroscopic, diffractometric analysis and in-vitro dissolution tests of the intermediate products and the finished dosage forms were performed. Key findings The characterization of printed tablets evidenced mass and dimensions uniformity, and consistency of drug content and dissolution profile. The formation of amorphous solid dispersions and interaction of formulation components throughout the manufacturing process were demonstrated. Layer thickness, printing temperature, printing and travelling speeds, and infill were the most impacting process parameters on both the physicochemical properties and the in-vitro performance of the 3D-printed tablets. Conclusions PRX tablets, meeting compendial limits, were manufactured by 3DP, envisaging their clinical use as individually designed dosage forms. The assessment of the impact of processing parameters on the printed tablets provided insights, which will ultimately allow streamlining of the 3D process set-up for quicker and easier production of patient-centric medicines.

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Investigating Fracture Properties of The Additively Manufactured PLA Using Sub-Size Specimens

10.21203/rs.3.rs-210665/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sarinova Simandjuntak ◽

Chulin Jiang ◽

Tobias Kathke ◽

David Sanders ◽

Jiye Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Impact Test ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Impact Testing ◽

Energy Approach ◽

Fused Deposition Modelling ◽

Specimen Thickness ◽

Fracture Properties ◽

Air Gaps ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

The Impact

Abstract In the absence of an acceptable test standard for determining fracture properties of a single edge notched sub-size non-metallic (plastic) specimen, the test method’s viability of the ASTM-5045’s energy approach and the Roberts and Newton solution for Charpy V-Notch (CVN) impact testing was investigated. The strain energy release rate (SERR) and fracture toughness were determined by subjecting the sub-size specimens of additively manufactured Polylactic Acid (PLA) to a three-point flexural and a CVN impact testing. A Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technique was adapted to manufacture thin specimens by sequentially layering a 100mm thick raster in (-45/45)° and (0/90)° orientation. The toughness values of the flexural specimens increase with the number of layers (specimen thickness) and are clearly influenced by the layer orientation. Thicker CVN impact test specimens, however, resulted in relatively lower toughness values. This was due to a reduction of constraints for plane strain conditions that the existing impact test standard/procedure considered. When compared with the impact testing method, the flexural testing using the energy approach demonstrates a better capability to capture the effect of an increase in the energy absorbed for the air gaps to plastically deform and for the delamination to take place in the sub-size specimens. The X-Ray Tomographic images of the flexural test specimens confirmed the presence of air gaps where the onset of the cracking and delamination were observed, whilst the micrographic images revealed mode I intra-laminar fracture for all test specimens.

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On the Impact of the Fabrication Method on the Performance of 3D Printed Mixers

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi10050298 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 298 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zeraatkar ◽

Filippini ◽

Percoco

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Lab On A Chip ◽

Microfluidic Devices ◽

Fused Deposition Modelling ◽

Fabrication Method ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

3D Printed ◽

The Impact

A wide variety of 3D printing technologies have been used for the fabrication of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices in recent years. Despite the large number of studies having examined the use of 3D printing technologies in microfluidic devices, the effect of the fabrication method on their performance has received little attention. In this paper, a comparison is shown between unibody-LOC micro-mixers, a particular type of monolithic design for 3D printed LOCs, fabricated in polyjet, stereolithography (SLA) and fused deposition modelling (FDM or FFF) platforms, paying particular attention to the inherent limitations of each fabrication platform and how these affect the performance of the manufactured devices.

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