The utility of a follow-up interview for respondents to a longitudinal survey with frequent measurement

In a given year, one in five people incarcerated in the U.S. prisons is locked in solitary confinement. We study solitary confinement along three dimensions of penal harm: (1) material deprivation, (2) social isolation, and (3) psychological distress. Data from a longitudinal survey of incarcerated men who are interviewed at baseline in solitary confinement are used to contrast the most extreme form of penal custody with general prison conditions observed at a follow-up interview. Solitary confinement is associated with extreme material deprivation and social isolation that accompanies psychological distress. Distress is greatest for those with histories of mental illness. Inactivity and feelings of dehumanization revealed in qualitative interviews help explain the distress of extreme isolation, lending empirical support to legal arguments that solitary confinement threatens human dignity.

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Longitudinal study of prosthesis use in veterans with upper limb amputation

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.1177/0309364620957920 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 030936462095792

Author(s):

Linda Resnik ◽

Matthew Borgia ◽

Sarah Biester ◽

Melissa A Clark

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Response Rate ◽

Longitudinal Survey ◽

Limb Amputation ◽

Telephone Interviews ◽

Upper Limb Amputation ◽

Upper Limb Prostheses ◽

Device Type

Background: Little is known about the patterns of prosthesis use and satisfaction of those who cease use or begin to use upper limb prostheses. Objectives: Among a longitudinal sample of Veterans with upper limb amputation, (1) describe changes in prosthesis use over 1 year, (2) examine rates of receipt of new prostheses, and (3) compare prosthesis satisfaction in respondents who received a new prosthesis to those who did not. Study Design: Longitudinal survey. Methods: 808 Veterans who had participated in a baseline interview 1 year earlier were invited to participate in structured telephone interviews. Results: A total of 562 persons with unilateral and 23 with bilateral amputation participated in the interviews (Response rate = 72.4% and 85.2%, respectively). Prosthesis use, frequency and intensity of use, and types of prostheses used were stable over 1 year. About 24% reported using a different primary terminal device type at follow-up than baseline. Prosthesis use was less frequent/intense at baseline among those who discontinued use compared with those who did not ( P < 0.05), and less frequent/intense for those who started compared with those who continued using a prosthesis ( P < 0.0001). Rates of prosthetic training were higher among those who received a different prosthesis type compared with those using the same type ( P = 0.06). Satisfaction scores were higher ( P < 0.01) for new prosthesis recipients, and lower at baseline for prosthesis abandoners compared with continued users ( P = 0.03). Conclusion: Prosthesis abandonment appears to be predicated on dissatisfaction with the device, as well as less frequent/intense prosthesis use. These findings can be used to identify those at risk for prosthesis abandonment and improve their prosthesis experience.

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Associations between vaping and relapse to smoking: preliminary findings from a longitudinal survey in the UK

Harm Reduction Journal ◽

10.1186/s12954-019-0344-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leonie S. Brose ◽

Julia Bowen ◽

Ann McNeill ◽

Timea R. Partos

Keyword(s):

Replacement Therapy ◽

Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽

Longitudinal Survey ◽

Nicotine Replacement ◽

Web Based ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Clear Association ◽

Device Type ◽

The Uk

Abstract Background Most smokers attempting to quit relapse. There is little evidence whether the use of e-cigarettes (‘vaping’) increases or decreases relapse. This study aimed to assess 1) whether vaping predicted relapse among ex-smokers, and 2) among ex-smokers who vaped, whether vaping characteristics predicted relapse. Methods Longitudinal web-based survey of smokers, recent ex-smokers and vapers in the UK, baseline in May/June 2016 (n = 3334), follow-up in September 2017 (n = 1720). Those abstinent from smoking ≥ 2 months at baseline and followed up were included. Aim 1: Relapse during follow-up was regressed onto baseline vaping status, age, gender, income, nicotine replacement therapy use and time quit smoking (n = 374). Aim 2: Relapse was regressed onto baseline vaping frequency, device type, nicotine strength and time quit smoking (n = 159). Results Overall, 39.6% relapsed. Compared with never use (35.9%), past/ever (45.9%; adjOR = 1.13; 95% CI, 0.61–2.07) and daily vaping (34.5%; adjOR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.61–1.89) had similar odds of relapse, for non-daily vaping evidence of increased relapse was inconclusive (65.0%; adjOR = 2.45; 95% CI, 0.85–7.08). Among vapers, non-daily vaping was associated with higher relapse than daily vaping (adjOR = 3.88; 95% CI, 1.10–13.62). Compared with modular devices (18.9% relapse), tank models (45.6%; adjOR = 3.63; 95% CI, 1.33–9.95) were associated with increased relapse; evidence was unclear for disposable/cartridge refillable devices (41.9%; adjOR = 2.83; 95% CI, 0.90–8.95). Nicotine strength had no clear association with relapse. Conclusion Relapse to smoking is likely to be more common among ex-smokers vaping infrequently or using less advanced devices. Research into the effects of vaping on relapse needs to consider vaping characteristics.

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Information Literacy Course Yields Mixed Effects on Undergraduate Acceptance of the University Library Portal

Evidence Based Library and Information Practice ◽

10.18438/b8h059 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 192

Author(s):

Heather Coates

Keyword(s):

Information Literacy ◽

Student Perception ◽

Longitudinal Survey ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Short Term ◽

Literacy Course ◽

Academic Year ◽

Over Time

Objective – To determine the effects over time of a 3-credit semester-long undergraduate information literacy course on student perception and use of the library web portal. Design – Mixed methods, including a longitudinal survey and in-person interviews. Setting – Information literacy course at a comprehensive public research institution in the northeastern United States of America. Subjects – Undergraduates at all levels enrolled in a 3-credit general elective information literacy course titled “The Internet and Information Access.” Methods – A longitudinal survey was conducted by administering a questionnaire to students at three different points in time: prior to instruction, near the end of the course (after receiving instruction on the library portal), and three months after the course ended, during the academic year 2011-2012. The survey was created by borrowing questions from several existing instruments. It was tested and refined through pre-pilot and pilot studies conducted in the 2010-2011 academic year, for which results are reported. Participation was voluntary, though students were incentivized to participate through extra credit for completing the pre- and post-instruction questionnaire, and a monetary reward for completing the follow-up questionnaire. Interviews were conducted with a subset of 14 participants at a fourth point in time. Main Results – 239 of the 376 (63.6%) students enrolled in the course completed the pre- and post-instruction questionnaire. Fewer than half of those participants (111 or 30% of students enrolled) completed the follow-up questionnaire. Participants were primarily sophomores and juniors (32% each), with approximately one-quarter (26%) freshman, and only 10% seniors. Student majors were concentrated in the social sciences (62%), with fewer students from science and technology (13%), business (13%), and the humanities (9%). The 14 participants interviewed were drawn from both high- and low-use students. Overall, the course had a positive effect on students’ perception of usefulness (PU) and ease of use (PEOU), as well as usage of the library portal. This included significant positive changes in perceived ease of use and information quality in the short-term (from pre-instruction to post-instruction). The results were mixed for perceived usefulness and system quality. Though there was mixed long-term impact on usage, the course does not appear to have had a long-term effect on PU and PEOU. The interview participants were asked questions to explore why and how they used the library portal, and revealed that both high- and low-use students used the library portal for similar reasons: to find information for research papers or projects, to search the library catalogue for books, and in response to a mandate or encouragement from instructors. Conclusion – The study supports the theory that an information literacy course could change student perception and use of the library portal in the short-term. Replicating this design in other settings could provide a systematic approach for assessing whether information literacy courses address learning outcomes over time. A longitudinal approach could be useful for comparing proficiency and information behaviors of those who take information literacy courses with those who do not.

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Favourable Employment Status Change and Psychological Depression: A Two‐year Follow‐up Analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth

Applied Psychology ◽

10.1111/1464-0597.00059 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 282-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

JoAnn Prause ◽

David Dooley

Keyword(s):

Employment Status ◽

Longitudinal Survey ◽

National Longitudinal Survey ◽

Status Change

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Retirement and Social Activities in Japan: Does Age Moderate the Association?

Research on Aging ◽

10.1177/01640275211005185 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 016402752110051

Author(s):

Erika Kobayashi ◽

Ikuko Sugawara ◽

Taro Fukaya ◽

Shohei Okamoto ◽

Jersey Liang

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Longitudinal Survey ◽

Work Status ◽

Retirement Age ◽

Social Activities ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Participation Level ◽

Aging Societies

Although retirement age is increasing in aging societies, its impact on individuals and communities is unclear. This study examined how age moderates the linkage between transition into retirement and participation in productive and non-productive social activities after retirement, using a nationwide longitudinal survey with a probability sample of Japanese aged 60 and over ( n = 3,493). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to predict changes in volunteering and hobbies/learning during 3–5 years of follow-up and their participation level at the follow-up. The significant interactions between change in work status (remained working as reference, full/partial retirement, remained not-working) and age at baseline showed that fully retired persons were more likely to increase these activities than remained workers only when they retired by their early seventies. Thus it is important to encourage engagement in social activities before retirement and remove psychological and environmental barriers that hinder starting new activities at old age.

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Follow-Up of 53 Alzheimer Patients with the MODA (Milan Overall Dementia Assessment)

Behavioural Neurology ◽

10.1155/1997/283727 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 129-131

Author(s):

E. Capitani ◽

L. Manzoni ◽

H. Spinnler

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Longitudinal Survey ◽

Decline Rate ◽

Rate Of Progression

Fifty-three patients affected by Alzheimer’s disease entered a longitudinal survey aimed at studying which factors influence the rate of progression, assessed by means of the Milan Overall Dementia Assessment (MODA). The second examination was carried out, on average, after 16 months from the first assessment. Only age proved to influence the decline rate, which was faster in elders.

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Uncovering Survivorship Bias in Longitudinal Mental Health Surveys During the COVID-19 Pandemic

10.1101/2021.01.28.21250694 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. Czeisler ◽

J. Wiley ◽

C. Czeisler ◽

S. Rajaratnam ◽

M. Howard

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Longitudinal Survey ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Mental Health Symptom ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Survey Participation ◽

Survivorship Bias

AbstractAimsMarkedly elevated adverse mental health symptoms were widely observed early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Unlike the U.S., where cross-sectional data indicate anxiety and depression symptoms have remained elevated, such symptoms reportedly declined in the U.K., according to analysis of repeated measures from a largescale longitudinal study. However, nearly 40% of U.K. respondents (those who did not complete multiple follow-up surveys) were excluded from analysis, suggesting that survivorship bias might partially explain this discrepancy. We therefore sought to assess survivorship bias among participants in our longitudinal survey study as part of The COVID-19 Outbreak Public Evaluation (COPE) Initiative.MethodsSurvivorship bias was assessed 4,039 U.S. respondents who completed surveys including the assessment of mental health as part of The COPE Initiative in April 2020 and were invited to complete follow-up surveys. Participants completed validated screening instruments for symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Survivorship bias was assessed for (1) demographic differences in follow-up survey participation, (2) differences in initial adverse mental health symptom prevalences adjusted for demographic factors, and (3) differences in follow-up survey participation based on mental health experiences adjusted for demographic factors.ResultsAdjusting for demographics, individuals who completed only one or two out of four surveys had higher prevalences of anxiety and depression symptoms in April 2020 (e.g., one-survey versus four-survey, anxiety symptoms, adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.55, P=0.0045; depression symptoms, aPR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.17-1.75, P=0.00052). Moreover, individuals who experienced incident anxiety or depression symptoms had higher odds of not completing follow-up surveys (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.22-2.31, P=0.0015, aOR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.15-2.12, P=0.0046, respectively).ConclusionsOur findings revealed significant survivorship bias among longitudinal survey respondents, indicating that restricting analytic samples to only respondents who provide repeated assessments in longitudinal survey studies could lead to overly optimistic interpretations of mental health trends over time. Cross-sectional or planned missing data designs may provide more accurate estimates of population-level adverse mental health symptom prevalences than longitudinal surveys.

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0466 Evolution of Nonrestorative Sleep and Its Interactions with Insomnia Symptoms in a Longitudinal Survey of the American Population

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.463 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A179-A179

Author(s):

M M Ohayon

Keyword(s):

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Initial Study ◽

Longitudinal Survey ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Us States ◽

Profound Impact ◽

Nonrestorative Sleep ◽

Second Wave ◽

Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Introduction Nonrestorative sleep (NRS) is one of the sleep disturbances that is under-appreciated. Some studies have set its prevalence at around 10% of the general population but definitions are heterogenous. Despite its frequency, studies that paid attention to that symptom are disparate and have often taken many routes. Our aim is to examine its prevalence, its incidence and its predictive factors. Methods The initial study was carried with 15,929 individuals from 15 US States. The longitudinal study was carried on in eight of these states. A total of 12,218 subjects were interviewed by phone during the first wave (W1) and 10,930 at the second wave (W2) three years apart. The analyses were carried on the subjects who participated in both interviews (N=10,930). NRS was assessed using a series of five questions. The global score determined the presence/absence of NRS. Results A total of 14.7% (CI95%: 14%-15.4%) reported NRS at W1. At follow-up, 13.1% (CI95%: 12.5%-13.7%) reported NRS. The incidence per year was 2.3%. NRS was chronic in 28.9% of cases. NRS occurred alone (i.e. without any other insomnia symptoms) in 5% of the sample at W1 and 3.6% at W2. 22.2% of those with NRS alone at W1 reported other insomnia symptoms at W2. Sleep duration was at least 6h30 in 81.6% of NRS alone cases at W1 and 76.5% at W2. Daytime repercussions were reported by 66.2% of NRS alone at W1 and 52.8% at W2. NRS alone (RR: 2.4) or in combination with insomnia symptoms (RR: 3.4) was one of the strongest predictors for developing a Major Depressive Disorder at W2. Conclusion NRS is a sleep disturbance that has some unique features that distinguish it from insomnia symptoms. Nonetheless, it can have a profound impact on daily life and can lead to further difficulties in other areas if not addressed properly. Support Arrillaga Foundation

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