The relationship between cadmium in kidney and cadmium in urine and blood in an environmentally exposed population

2013 ◽  
Vol 268 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Akerstrom ◽  
Lars Barregard ◽  
Thomas Lundh ◽  
Gerd Sallsten
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium In Urine ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic loiasis involving co-infection with Mansonella perstans and clinical symptoms in an exposed population from Gabon

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Bouyou Akotet ◽  
M. Owono-Medang ◽  
D.P. Mawili-Mboumba ◽  
M.N. Moussavou-Boussougou ◽  
S. Nzenze Afène ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Loa Loa ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Mansonella Perstans ◽  
Worm Migration ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between the frequency of loiasis objective symptoms and microfilaraemic or amicrofilaraemic infection was assessed in 1148 exposed patients also infected, or not, with Mansonella perstans. Filarial infections were detected by direct microscopy, leucoconcentration and serology, with prevalence values of 39.5% Loa loa, 5.6% M. perstans and 3.4% co-infection with both filarial species. Amicrofilaraemic or occult loiasis (OL) predominated among L. loa-infected individuals, with a prevalence of 58.2%. Hypermicrofilaraemia (>8000 microfilariae (mf)/ml) was found in 18.4% of L. loa microfilaraemic patients, with 25.7% of them harbouring more than 30,000 mf/ml. Up to 34% of patients with OL showed evidence of Calabar swelling, compared with 26.3% of microfilaraemic patients (P= 0.03). Overall 5.3% of patients presented with adult worm migration across the eye, representing 16.3% of microfilaraemic individuals and 11.4% of amicrofilaraemic patients (P= 0.13). This symptom was similarly found in patients with more than 30,000 mf/ml (22%), those with microfilaraemia between 8 and 30,000 mf/ml (15.4%) and also in individuals with low or without microfilaraemia (16.1%) (P= 0.7). Five (14.3%) hypermicrofilaraemic patients did not present any L. loa-specific objective symptoms, as well as all the patients with single M. perstans infection. The presence of adult eye worm migration as a strong predictor of high microfilaraemia density would obscure the real burden of L. loa hypermicrofilaraemia in exposed individuals. For epidemiological purposes and control strategies, the mapping of L. loa in endemic areas should also take into account the group of patients with occult loiasis.

scholarly journals Factores ambientales y cambio climático relacionados con el comportamiento del Dengue en Guayaquil // Environmental factors and climate change related to the behavior of Dengue in Guayaquil

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Jhony Real CotTo ◽  
William Sánchez Calle ◽  
Fausto Hington Chica ◽  
Janeth Hurtado Astudillo ◽  
Juan Fariño Cortez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
The Relationship

En Guayaquil existe el dengue y tiene una población expuesta de forma endémico – epidémica, pero hay escasos estudios sobre la tendencia histórica de los factores que influyen en el comportamiento del dengue. El objetivo de este trabajo es relacionar los factores ambientales y el cambio climático en el comportamiento del Dengue en la ciudad de Guayaquil, durante el período 2010-2014. Se aplicó una investigación no experimental, tipo longitudinal de tendencia. Analizándose el comportamiento de dengue con la pluviosidad, temperatura, humedad y vientos por semanas epidemiológicas. Los resultados de más casos fueron en los años 2010, 2012 y 2014; existiendo variabilidad en su comportamiento. Las variables ambientales mostraron que la pluviosidad tiene escasa relación en la presencia de casos, hallazgos de humedad por encima del 70% con temperatura altas y escasos vientos provocan condiciones para incremento en la transmisión de la enfermedad, pero existen períodos epidemiológicos donde su transmisión disminuye y puede estar relacionado a las temperaturas promedios bajas, humedad relativa y presencia de vientos. A su vez, es de relevancia observar la relación que tiene el aumento de la temperatura superficial del mar con el incremento de casos de Dengue como se observa en los años de más casos.In Guayaquil there is dengue and it has an exposed population in an endemic – epidemic way, but there is little research on the historical trend of the factors that influence the behavior of dengue. The objective of this work is to relate environmental factors and climate change in the behavior of Dengue in Guayaquil city during the period 2010-2014. A Non - experimental research of a longitudinal type of trend was applied, analyzing the behavior of dengue with rainfall, temperature, humidity and winds per epidemiological weeks. The results with more cases were in the years 2010, 2012 and 2014; Showing variability in their behavior. The environmental variables showed that the rainfall has little relation in the presence of cases, humidity findings above 70% with high temperatures and few winds cause conditions to increase the transmission of the disease, but there are epidemiological periods where the transmission decreases and may be related to low average temperatures, relative humidity and presence of winds. At the same time, it is relevant to observe the relationship between the increase in sea surface temperature and the increase in Dengue cases as observed in the years of more cases

The National Exposure Registry: Procedures for Establishing a Registry of Persons Environmentally Exposed To Hazardous Substances

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
JeAnne R. Burg ◽  
Ginger L. Gist
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Dioxin Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry has, as mandated in Superfund legislation, established the National Exposure Registry (NER). The purpose of the NER is to assess and evaluate the potential relationship between adverse health effects and environmental exposure for an exposed population, particularly the relationship between chronic health effects and long-term, low- level chemical exposures. The NER's primary goal is to facilitate epidemiology research by establishing multiple data bases (subregistries) that contain demographic, environmental, and health information on large populations exposed to selected chemicals. The Registry data mainly serve the purpose of being hypothesis-generating rather than hypothesis-testing. The NER is currently composed of subregistries of: (1) persons exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) — a subset of registrants in whom trichloroethylene (TCE) is the primary VOC exposure, but others are present (N = 4,832), a subset in whom benzene is the primary VOC exposure (N = 1,142), and a subset in whom trichloroethane (TCA) and TCE are the highest VOC exposures (N = 3,666); and (2) persons with dioxin exposure (N = 250). Chromium and radioactive substances subregistries are planned.

Odour monitoring of small wastewater treatment plant located in sensitive environment

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zarra ◽  
V. Naddeo ◽  
V. Belgiorno ◽  
M. Reiser ◽  
M. Kranert
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sensorial Analysis ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Dimethyl Disulphide ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Innovative Tool ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
The Relationship

Small wastewater treatment plants are often localized nearby tourist areas. Odour emissions are a major environmental issue in these plants and are considered to be the main cause of disturbance noticed by the exposed population. Odour measurement is carried out using analytical or sensorial methods. Sensorial analysis, being assigned to the “human sensor”, is the cause of a considerable uncertainty. In this study, a novel procedure based on highly innovative analytical tool was used to identify and characterise the odour sources and the volatile substances that cause annoyance in a SWWTP located in a sensitive area, with the aim to remove the subjective component in the measure of the odours and define the induced impact. At the same time key odour compounds are detected, and the relationship between their concentration and the performances of the plant are investigated. The sources and the main chemical substances responsible for the olfactory annoyances were identified. Results highlight the applicability of the highly innovative tool in odour emission monitoring. Around 39 different substances were detected, with almost half being smell relevant components as well as responsible. Dimethyl disulphide was identified as key compound connected to the efficiency of the process.

scholarly journals Asbestos: current issues related to cancer and to uses in developing countries

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. S173-S176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Algranti
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Occupational Level ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

Asbestos is one of the main occupational carcinogens recognized and studied in the literature. Its uses have undergone major changes in recent decades, with severe restrictions on commercial amphiboles according to different patterns: in developed countries asbestos is strictly controlled or banned, except in Japan, while in developing countries consumption has leveled off or increased. As an example, Brazil is one the seven world leaders in asbestos production and consumption. Although there is a clear excess of mesotheliomas linked to amphibole exposure, mainly to crocidolite, there is no evidences that chrysotile is harmless to the pleura. Also, the relationship between fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis is not sufficiently understood to defend the concept that there are protective exposure limits to both diseases. "Controlled use" policy may be effective at the occupational level in a select group of companies, representing only a fraction of the exposed population. In developing countries subject to economic pressures, these issues merit proper discussion to avoid unnecessary disease and death.

Interstellar gas in the central region of the Galaxy

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Recombination ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
The Relationship

A review is given of information on the galactic-centre region obtained from recent observations of the 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen, the 18-cm group of OH lines, a hydrogen recombination line at 6 cm wavelength, and the continuum emission from ionized hydrogen.Both inward and outward motions are important in this region, in addition to rotation. Several types of observation indicate the presence of material in features inclined to the galactic plane. The relationship between the H and OH concentrations is not yet clear, but a rough picture of the central region can be proposed.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

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