Reacting to the paradigm shift: QCA study of the factors shaping innovation in publishing, information services, advertising and market research activities in the European Union.

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 120340
Author(s):  
J.M. Berné-Martínez ◽  
María Arnal-Pastor ◽  
María-Pilar Llopis-Amorós
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Information Services ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Research Activities

Pringle: A Paradigm Shift in the European Union's Monetary Constitution

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter-Augustijn Van Malleghem
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Council Decision ◽  
Monetary Constitution ◽  
European Stability Mechanism ◽  
The Stability

The reference from the Irish Supreme Court seeking a preliminary ruling in the Pringle case concerns the compatibility of the Treaty establishing the European Stability Mechanism (hereinafter ESM Treaty or ESMT) with European Union (EU) law. The Irish Supreme Court was concerned with the legal significance of Council Decision 2011/199, which amended the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) by inserting a third paragraph in Art 136 TFEU. The new Art 136(3) provides that the Member States whose currency is the euro, may establish a mechanism such as the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) so long as that mechanism is only activated when indispensable to safeguarding the stability of the euro area as a whole, and only if the financial assistance is made subject to strict conditionality. But, because Decision 2011/199 has not yet been ratified by all Member States, the TFEU has not yet been amended. The ESMT nevertheless entered into force at the end of September 2012, and the ESMT commenced its operations in December 2012.

scholarly journals The European Council and the national executives: segmentation, consolidation and legitimation

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
DN ◽  
JHR ◽  
TV
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
European Council ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Of the three branches of government traditionally distinguished since Montesquieu, two have received ample scholarly attention in their relation with the European Union. A plethora of books and articles have been written on the role and position of national courts and national parliaments in Europe. As to the former, the interaction of national courts with the Court of Justice of the European Union is still massively researched. As to the latter, it has been thoroughly analysed how national parliaments were sidelined from the start of the integration process, only to regain lost ground later. In particular, attempts to include the national parliaments in EU decision-making, via the renewed Subsidiarity Protocol among other ways, have attracted numerous research activities.

scholarly journals Research Activities and their Relation to Economic Performance of Regions in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Vladimir Hiadlovsky ◽  
Jan Hunady ◽  
Marta Orviska ◽  
Peter Pisar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Regional Economic Performance

Abstract Background: The intensity of innovation could often be crucial for further economic development of the regions. Science and technology are often seen as the key factor supporting innovation in the regions. Furthermore, we can assume that higher intensity of research activities could lead to better economic performance. Objectives: Research aims to examine the link between the economic performance of the region and the intensity of science and technology activities, proxied by the share of employees in science and technology. Methods/Approach: The analysis is based on panel data for NUTS2 regions of the European Union (EU) member states. We conducted correlation analysis, panel Granger causality tests and regression analysis. Results: Our results suggest the existence of a significant positive correlation between GDP per capita and the share of employees in science and technology. Moreover, the regions with a higher intensity of science and technology activities are mostly characterized by relatively low unemployment rates. Conclusions: Research activities are positive correlated with regional GDP and negatively correlated with unemployment. However, increasing the share of employment in science and technology beyond a certain turning point would not lead to any further positive effects on regional economic performance.

SMEs’s potentials of Research and Development and the European Union Prospective. A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 184-198
Author(s):  
Isaraj Loreta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Funding Policies ◽  
Funding Programs ◽  
The Eu

SME-s role in the economic development and economic structure is changing drastically, as it is gaining new dimensions the role they have as social agents. This becomes particularly present in the paradigm shift of the EU funding schema and priorities, for member and candidate states, indicating that from catalysts of development they are now considered as important and active agents of Innovation by their R&D potential. The article provides a comprehensive literature review on different aspects of R&D processes in SMEs under the support of the funding programs of European Union collected from the reputed publications. The purpose is to provide an outline on the structure and dynamics of R&D in SMEs to highlight its role in the performance of these businesses in particular and in national and regional economies at the macro level. This paper aims to contribute to current discussions within the field of innovation by further exploring how EU R&D funding policies work in practice.

When Does Stand-Alone Software Qualify as a Medical Device in the European Union?—The Cjeu’s Decision in Snitem and What it Implies for the Next Generation of Medical Devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-624
Author(s):  
Timo Minssen ◽  
Marc Mimler ◽  
Vivian Mak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Medical Purpose ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Support Software

Abstract This contribution analyses the first decision by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on the qualification and regulation of stand-alone software as medical devices. Referring to the facts of the case and the applicable European Union (EU) regulatory framework, the Court specifically found that prescription support software may constitute a medical device. This would even be the case where the software does not act directly in or on the human body. Yet, according to the CJEU, it is necessary that the intended purpose falls within one or more of the ‘medical purpose’ categories of the regulatory definition of ‘medical device’. The case has important implications, not only for specific legal debates, but it also signifies a paradigm shift with a rapidly increasing digitalisation of the health and life sciences. This highlights the demand for continuous debates over the necessary evolution of the regulatory framework applying to the interface of medical artificial intelligence (AI) and Big Data.

scholarly journals The Tulul Al-Baqarat and Eduu Projects : Archaeological Research , Education and Cultural Heritage Enhancement

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (125) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Carlo Lippolis ◽  
Jacopo Bruno ◽  
Eleonora Quirico ◽  
Ali Taha ◽  
Hasinean Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
International Project ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Funded Project

The present paper stems from the research activities carried out within the framework of EU funded project "EDUU - Educational and Cultural Heritage Enhancement for Social Cohesion in Iraq" (EuropeAid CSO-LA/2016/382-631). EDUU is an international project funded by the European Union. EDUU consists of an EU-Iraqi partnership in the area of education and cultural heritage enhancement, connecting Universities, secondary schools, and museums. This consortium operates with the aim of enhancing the pluralism of Iraqi civil society, raising awareness on the diverse and multicultural past of Iraq via developing initiatives for the promotion of the pre-Islamic cultural heritage.

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